Alveolar–arterial partial pressure difference as an early predictor for patients with acute paraquat poisoning

Objective Paraquat (PQ) is associated with high mortality rates in acute poisoning. This study aimed to determine the importance of the alveolar–arterial partial pressure difference (A-aDo2) in the expected consequences of acute PQ poisoning. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for PQ poisoning in 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. A-aDo2 data were collected. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression to determine whether A-aDo2 is an independent risk factor for mortality from PQ. Results A total of 352 cases were analyzed. The mean PQ dose was 36.84 ± 50.30 mL (0.3–500 mL). There were 185 survivors and 167 non-survivors. The mean A-aDo2 was not significantly correlated between survivors and non-survivors on day 1. However, there were significant differences in A-aDo2 between survivors and non-survivors on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Increased A-aDo2 values were correlated with an increased mortality rate. The mean A-aDo2 on day 14 showed the most significant difference between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusion Our study suggests that A-aDo2 plays an important role as a reference index, which could be a useful predictor in assessing acute PQ poisoning, especially on the 14th day after onset of poisoning.

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Changes in arterial partial pressure and end-expired pressure of carbon dioxide in prepubescent and adult bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy by videolaparoscopy or conventional laparotomy

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170769 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Luciana Branquinho Queiroga ◽

Gabriela Marques Sessegolo ◽

Fabiane Reginatto dos Santos ◽

Letícia Mendes Fratini ◽

Verônica Santos Mombach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Partial Pressure ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Base Excess ◽

Mild Hypertension ◽

Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽

Arterial Partial Pressure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Age Range

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to determine arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), end-expired CO2 pressure (ETCO2), and the difference between arterial and end-expired CO2 pressure (Pa - ETCO2) in prepubescent and adult bitches undergoing videolaparoscopic or conventional ovariohyterectomy (OH). Forty bitches were randomly assigned to four groups: Conventional Adult (CA), Conventional Pediatric (CP), Videolaparoscopic Adult (VA) and Videolaparoscopic Pediatric (VP). Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP), ETCO2, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), PaCO2, base excess (BE) and HCO3 - were measured. Based on the PaCO2 and ETCO2 values, Pa-ETCO2 was determined. There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the VA (42.5±5.2 to 53.7±5.2) and VP (48.4±5.4 to55.4±5.7) groups. During the postoperative period, all groups presented with hypertension. However, mild hypertension (SAP 150 to 159mmHg) was observed in the VP group as compared to severe hypertension (SAP>180mmHg) in the CA group, suggesting that both the age range and videolaparoscopic OH are associated with lower levels of hypertension during the postoperative period in dogs.

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The somatic growth pattern of preterm infants until term age

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi49.1.2009.39-47 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Ida Bagus Andhita ◽

Soetjianingsih Soetjianingsih ◽

I. Wayan Retayasa

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Somatic Growth ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Term Infants ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background Pre term infants contribute substantially to neonatalmorbidity and mortality rates. Somatic growth is consideredto be an important indicator of an infant's health status. Themeasurement parameters include body weight (BW), body length(BL), head circumference (HC), and ponderal index (PI). Specificdata on the somatic growth pattern of preterm infants in Indonesiaare unavailable.Objectives To identify the somatic pattern of preterm infantsuntil term age and the influence of gender, nutrition, and nursingmethod on BW, BL, HC, and PI growth during the first week oflife.Methods We recruited premature infants born in Sanglah Hopsital,Denpasar, Bali, and collected data on BW, BL, HC, and PI>All data were presented as mean (SD) and plotted in curves.The relationships among several factors and the somatic growthparameters were analyzed with ANOV A. The level of significancewas set at P < 0.05.Results Among 100 infants, significant differences were detectedin the mean ofBW, BL, HC, and PI, particularly in early preterminfants. Breastfed infants had the highest values with BW 2199grams (SD 198), HC 31.4 em (SD 1.71), and PI 2.48 grams/cm 3(SD 0.36). Infants nursed with the kangaroo method had thehighest values of BW [2450 grams (SD 259)] and BL [48 em(SD 2.34)].Conclusion A significant difference was detected in somaticgrowth according to some parameters, particularly in the earlypreterm infants group. Thus, breast feeding and the kangaroomethod contribute to better somatic growth, and specifically BW.

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The effect of Substituting blood sampling through routine direct venipuncture with intravenous cannulation on the accuracy of hematologic results in children

Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology ◽

10.18502/ijpho.v11i4.7168 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manijeh Tabrizi ◽

Hamidreza Badeli ◽

Parmoon Parvari ◽

Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad

Keyword(s):

Partial Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Significant Similarity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Collection Methods

Background: In pediatric care settings, intravenous cannulation (IVC) is usually needed for diverse purposes. Considering the painfulness and invasiveness of sampling by direct venipuncture (DVP), using a painless and less invasive method would be promising. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of substitution of routine DVP with direct blood sampling through IVC on the accuracy of hematologic results. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 5-14-year-old children admitted to the emergency ward of 17th Shahrivar Pediatric Hospital in Rasht, north of Iran. After discarding only one ml of blood, paired-samples were taken from IVC and DVP and analyzed for 30 most frequently requested electrolytes, hematologic, and blood gas tests. The similarity of the obtained results by the two methods indicated the probability of substituting DVP with IVC and was defined by the absence of significant statistical difference (P>0.05). Results: The comparison between the mean of hematologic factors by two methods showed significant similarity between groups regarding all parameters (P>0.05) except the mean of red blood cell count in the two groups (P<0.05). Assessing the level of electrolytes by two collection methods showed that there was a significant similarity between the mean of all parameters (P>0.05) except for phosphorus (P=.002). Furthermore, assessing the level of electrolytes showed a significant similarity between the potential of hydrogen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and buffer base in the two groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between partial pressure of oxygen, base excess, and O2 saturation in the two collection methods (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the promising results obtained in this study, it seems that these methods could be interchangeably used, and IVC can be an alternative method for DVP by discarding the minimum amount of blood and less invasiveness in children.

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Exercise performance following a carbohydrate load in chronic airflow obstruction

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.4.1340 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 1340-1346 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. E. Brown ◽

S. Wiener ◽

R. A. Brown ◽

P. A. Marcarelli ◽

R. W. Light

Keyword(s):

Partial Pressure ◽

Power Output ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Arterial Partial Pressure ◽

Maximum Power Output ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ergometer Exercise

We evaluated the effects of a large (920 cal) liquid carbohydrate (CHO) load on the maximum exercise capacity of 18 patients with chronic airflow obstruction [forced expiratory volume at at 1 s (FEV1) = 1.27 +/- 0.48 liters; FEV1/forced vital capacity = 0.41 +/- 0.11]. Patients underwent duplicate incremental cycle ergometer exercise tests to a symptom-limited maximum following CHO and a liquid placebo in single-blind fashion. Expired gas measurements were obtained during each power output. In 12 patients arterial blood gases were measured, and in six patients venous blood was obtained for measurement of glucose, electrolytes, and osmolality. With CHO, the maximum power output decreased from 86 +/- 30 to 76 +/- 31 W (P less than 0.001), whereas the ventilation at exhaustion was nearly identical (47.6 +/- 13.2 and 46.8 +/- 12.5 l/min). Arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) at exhaustion decreased (P less than 0.025), arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) increased (P less than 0.01), and the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE/VCO2) increased (P less than 0.005) with CHO. At equivalent power outputs, CHO resulted in significant increases in VE (P less than 0.001) and VCO2 (P less than 0.001); PaCO2 was unchanged, whereas PaO2 increased (P less than 0.01). CHO increased the serum glucose at rest and during exercise. No changes in serum osmolality or electrolytes occurred during exercise following CHO. After CHO loading, the majority of patients appeared to reach their limiting level of ventilation at a lower power output. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the mean maximum power output with CHO in six normal control subjects.

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Effect of net gas volume changes on alveolar and arterial gas partial pressures in the presence of ventilation-perfusion mismatch

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00689.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 558-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ben Korman ◽

Ranjan K. Dash ◽

Philip J. Peyton

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Steady State ◽

Partial Pressure ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽

Volatile Anesthetic ◽

State Equations ◽

Arterial Partial Pressure ◽

Gas Volume

The second gas effect (SGE) occurs when nitrous oxide enhances the uptake of volatile anesthetics administered simultaneously. Recent work shows that the SGE is greater in blood than in the gas phase, that this is due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, that as mismatch increases, the SGE increases in blood but is diminished in the gas phase, and that these effects persist well into the period of nitrous oxide maintenance anesthesia. These modifications of the SGE are most pronounced with the low soluble agents in current use. We investigate further the effect of net gas volume loss during nitrous oxide uptake on low concentrations of other gases present using partial pressure-solubility diagrams. The steady-state equations of gas exchange were solved assuming a log-normal distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios using Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration. It was shown that under these conditions the classical partial pressure-solubility diagram must be modified, that for currently used volatile anesthetic agents the alveolar-arterial partial pressure difference is less than that predicted in the past, and that the alveolar-arterial partial pressure difference may even be reversed during uptake in the case of highly insoluble gases such as sulfur hexafluoride. Comparing this with the situation described previously for nitrogen in steady-state air breathing, we show that for nitrogen, the direction of the alveolar-arterial gradient is opposite to the direction of net gas volume movement. Although gas uptake with ventilation-perfusion inequality exceeding that when matching is optimal is shown to be possible, it is less likely than alveolar-arterial partial pressure reversal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Net uptake of gases administered with nitrous oxide may proceed against an alveolar-arterial partial pressure gradient. The alveolar-arterial gradient for nitrogen in the steady-state breathing air depends not only on the existence of a distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lung but also on the presence of a net change in gas volume and is opposite in direction to the direction of net gas volume uptake.

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Do cystic vestibular schwannomas have worse surgical outcomes? Systematic analysis of the literature

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2012.6.focus12200 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. E12 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jai Deep Thakur ◽

Imad Saeed Khan ◽

Cedric D. Shorter ◽

Ashish Sonig ◽

Gale L. Gardner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Surgical Outcomes ◽

English Language ◽

Extent Of Resection ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vestibular Schwannomas ◽

Tumor Diameter ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Object The goal of this study was to perform a systematic quantitative comparison of the surgical outcomes between cystic vestibular schwannomas (CVSs) and solid vestibular schwannomas (SVSs). Methods A review of English-language literature published between 1990 and 2011 was performed using various search engines including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database. Only studies that reported surgical results of CVSs in comparison with SVSs were included in the analysis. The primary end point of this study was surgical outcomes, defined by the following: 1) facial nerve outcomes at latest follow-up; 2) mortality rates; or 3) non–facial nerve complication index. Secondary end points included extent of resection and brainstem adherence. Results Nine studies comprising 428 CVSs and 1287 SVSs were included in the study. The mean age of patients undergoing surgery was 48.3 ± 6.75 and 47.1 ± 9 years for CVSs and SVSs, respectively (p = 0.8). The mean tumor diameter for CVSs was 3.9 ± 0.84 cm and that for SVSs was 3.7 ± 1.2 cm (p = 0.7). There was no significant difference in the extent of resection among CVSs and SVSs (81.2% vs 80.7%, p = 0.87) Facial nerve outcomes were significantly better in the cohort of patients with SVSs than in those with CVSs (52.1% vs 39%, p = 0.0001). The perioperative mortality rates for CVSs and SVSs were not significantly different (3% and 3.8%, respectively; p = 0.6). No significant difference was noted between the cumulative non–facial nerve complication rate (including mortality) among patients with CVSs and SVSs (24.5% and 25.6%, respectively; p = 0.75) Conclusions Facial nerve outcomes are worse in patients undergoing resection for CVSs than in patients undergoing resection for SVSs. There were no significant differences in the extent of resection or postoperative morbidity and mortality rates between the cohorts of patients with vestibular schwannomas.

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Evaluation of factors affecting relationship between transcutaneous PO2 and probe temperature

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.59.4.1117 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 1117-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. Gronlund

Keyword(s):

Partial Pressure ◽

Temperature Dependence ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

O2 Consumption ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Major Disadvantage ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Transcutaneous Po2 ◽

Saturation Difference

Several studies on transcutaneous O2 probes have shown that the transcutaneous PO2 increases to approximately 80% of the arterial PO2 when the probe is heated to 44 degrees C. It is not known whether this result reflects near-complete thermic arterialization or rather other factors such as the temperature-linked right shift of the hemoglobin O2-binding curve. In many clinical applications of transcutaneous probes the use of 44 degrees C is a major disadvantage because of the risk of skin burns. The development of new probes operating at lower temperatures is hampered by the lack of data on the temperature dependence of the factors influencing the relationship between the transcutaneous PO2 and the probe temperature. The present study attempts to estimate the temperature dependence of 1) the degree of arterialization of the blood in the skin capillaries, 2) the PO2 difference across the epidermis caused by the diffusion gradient and the epidermal O2 consumption, and 3) the arteriovenous saturation difference over the skin capillaries. The estimation is based on simultaneously measured transcutaneous PO2, PCO2, and argon partial pressure (PAr) values at seven different probe temperatures. The transcutaneous PCO2 is assumed equal to the mean capillary PCO2, which is used to calculate the mean capillary PO2 by the aid of a skin model. The O2 diffusion gradient is estimated from the transcutaneous PAr, and the PO2 difference caused by the epidermal O2 consumption is set equal to the difference between the mean capillary and transcutaneous PO2 less the partial pressure difference caused by the diffusion gradient. The degree of arterialization was found to be 53% at 38 degrees C and 65% at 44 degrees C. The partial pressure difference caused by the epidermal O2 consumption decreased from 33 Torr at 38 degrees C to 6 Torr at 44 degrees C. The PO2 difference across the epidermis caused by the diffusion gradient was 7 Torr at 38 degrees C and 5 Torr at 44 degrees C. The arteriovenous saturation difference fell from 31% at 38 degrees C to 12% at 44 degrees C.

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210 FACTORS AFFECTING SUPEROVULATION RESPONSE IN CATTLE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv26n1ab210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

C. Cabrera ◽

M. Lane ◽

T. Farver

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Ovarian Response ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Production Traits ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Superovulation, embryo collection, and transfer allow for genetic improvement resulting in more rapid enhancement of production traits. Despite these advantages, variability in the response to superovulation has been observed between and within individual animals, becoming a costly inconvenience of these techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influenced the superovulatory response and the resulting quantity and quality of the ova/embryos collected during embryo flushing in the study group, with cow as the experimental unit. A retrospective study was conducted, evaluating superovulation records from 794 embryo donors collected for the first time. Individual information was classified as breed (Angus or Holstein), parity (heifers or dry cow), body condition score (BCS; 5, 6, or 7 was considered optimal and BCS <5 or >7 was considered not optimal; in a 1 to 9 scale), hormonal dose used (375 or 500 IU of FSH), ovarian response (presence of more than one corpus luteum), collection (abnormal: blood or <80% fluid recovered or normal: bicornual >80% fluid recovered) and season at collection (summer, fall, winter, spring) to determine their predictive value for the total number of ova/embryos collected: number of transferable embryos, degenerated embryos, and unfertilized oocytes (UFOs) according to the IETS standards for classification. Variables were evaluated and transformed when needed to establish normality. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ovarian response or nonresponse. A model was built for each of these dependent variables using a general linear model (GLM). Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare adjusted means between groups when there were significant factors identified by the GLM. The study found a significant difference (P = 0.024) in the percentage of cows responding to superovulation treatment in summer compared with spring (91.5% v. 98.4%). From the 755 donors that responded, the mean number (±s.e.m.) of ova/embryos collected from donors with optimal BCS was higher (P = 0.052) than those from donors with nonoptimal BCS (9.8 ± 0.37 v. 8.4 ± 0.42). The mean numbers of total ova/embryos obtained from normal collections was higher (P < 0.001) than the mean from those collections classified as abnormal (10.25 ± 0.30 v. 6.60 ± 0.62). The mean number of viable embryos from responding donors was 5.66 ± 0.18 per collection. Donors with BCS classified as optimal had significantly higher (P = 0.034) mean number (±s.e.m.) of viable embryos compared with donors with nonoptimal BCS (5.95 ± 0.23 v. 5.18 ± 0.29). For the present study, the percentage of cows treated that responded and were collected decreased in summer. The effect of ambient temperature may be reduced by evaporative cooling of donors or by avoiding collections during the hottest days of the summer. Complications during the collection are rare and can be partially avoided by using experienced technicians only. Results may improve when donors are in an appropriate nutrition status, either by supplementing those animals with low body scores or by restricting diets for those that are overweight, to improve the efficiency of the technique.

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Vowel Recognition Threshold as a Function of Temporal Segmentations

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1304.715 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 715-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard L. Powell ◽

Oscar Tosi

Keyword(s):

Normal Hearing ◽

Recognition Threshold ◽

Vowel Sound ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Vowel Recognition ◽

Temporal Segment

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segment recognition threshold of 15 msecs with a range from 9.3 msecs for the /u/ to 27.2 milliseconds for the /a/. Misidenti-fication of vowels was most often confused with the vowel sound adjacent to it on the vowel-hump diagram. There was no significant difference between the cardinal and noncardinal vowels.

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Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Blood Glycohemoglobin Levels in Young Diabetics

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629573 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 30 (05) ◽

pp. 183-188

Author(s):

A. Aydrner ◽

A. Oto ◽

E. Oram ◽

O. Gedik ◽

C. F. Bekdik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ejection Fraction ◽

Left Ventricular Function ◽

Ventricular Function ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Filling Fraction ◽

Time To Peak ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Hba1c Levels

Left ventricular function including regional wall motion (RWM) was evaluated by 99mTc first-pass and equilibrium gated blood pool ventriculography and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) blood levels determined by a quantitative column technique in 25 young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without clinical evidence of heart disease, and in healthy controls matched for age and sex. Phase analysis revealed abnormal RWM in 19 of 21 diabetic patients. The mean left ventricular global ejection fraction, the mean regional ejection fraction and the mean 1/3 filling fraction were lower and the time to peak ejection, the time to peak filling and the time to peak ejection /cardiac cycle were longer in diabetics than in controls. We found high HbA1c levels in all diabetics. There was no significant difference between patients with and without retinopathy and with and without peripheral neuropathy in terms of left ventricular function and HbA1c levels.

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