Chronic Inflammatory and Proliferative Lesions of the Gallbladder in Aged Pigs

Primary epithelial tumors of the gallbladder are rarely reported in animals. In this study, 9 aged pigs (6–12 years old) were histopathologically examined for gallbladder proliferative lesions. At necropsy, a large gallstone occupied the lumen of the gallbladder of 3 pigs. Histopathological examination revealed chronic cholecystitis in all 9 pigs, mucosal hyperplasia in 2 pigs, adenoma in 1 pig, and adenocarcinoma in 2 pigs. Bacilli were detected in the gallbladder lumen of 6 pigs by Warthin-Starry stain. Mucosal hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were characterized by papillary projections of the mucosa with occasional acinar structures. Tumor invasion of the surrounding tissue was observed in the cases of adenocarcinoma. On Alcian blue and periodic acid–Schiff double-stained sections, the acinar structure of gallbladder mucosa in chronic cholecystitis and mucosal hyperplasia was stained in a mosaic pattern, indicating pyloric gland metaplasia. The results of immunohistochemistry revealed a CD10-positive epithelial brush border and mucin (MUC) 2–positive goblet cells in chronic cholecystitis, adenoma, and adenocarcinomas, indicating intestinal metaplasia. Immunoreactivity of MUC5 AC and cytokeratin 19 was weaker in adenoma and adenocarcinomas compared with the normal and hyperplastic gallbladder mucosa. The number of p53-positive nuclei and the Ki-67 index were higher in adenocarcinomas compared with benign lesions. These results suggest that chronic cholecystitis associated with gallstones and/or bacterial infections may contribute to metaplastic changes and development of gallbladder tumors in aged pigs. Alteration of mucin, cytokeratin, and p53 profiles in gallbladder proliferative lesions in pigs were similar to that in humans, suggesting a common pathogenesis in tumor development.

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Swim bladder mycosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss caused by Phoma herbarum and experimental verification of pathogenicity

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 237-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Řehulka ◽

A Kubátová ◽

V Hubka

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Bladder Wall ◽

Swim Bladder ◽

Cell Reactivity ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Posterior Portion ◽

Hepatic Congestion ◽

Phoma Herbarum

In this study, spontaneous swim bladder mycosis was documented in a farmed fingerling rainbow trout from a raceway culture system. At necropsy, the gross lesions included a thickened swim bladder wall, and the posterior portion of the swim bladder was enlarged due to massive hyperplasia of muscle. A microscopic wet mount examination of the swim bladder contents revealed abundant septate hyphae, and histopathological examination showed periodic acid-Schiff-positive mycelia in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder. Histopathological examination of the thickened posterior swim bladder revealed muscle hyperplasia with expansion by inflammatory cells. The causative agent was identified as Phoma herbarum through morphological analysis and DNA sequencing. The disease was reproduced in rainbow trout fingerlings using intraperitoneal injection of a spore suspension. Necropsy in dead and moribund fish revealed extensive congestion and haemorrhages in the serosa of visceral organs and in liver and abdominal serosanguinous fluid. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatic congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cell reactivity, leukostasis and degenerative changes. Fungi were disseminated to the liver, pyloric caeca, kidney, spleen and heart. Although infections caused by Phoma spp. have been repeatedly reported in fish, species identification has been hampered by extensive taxonomic changes. The results of this study confirmed the pathogenicity of P. herbarum in salmonids by using a reliably identified strain during experimental fish infection and provides new knowledge regarding the course of infection.

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Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor on LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00047.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 287 (1) ◽

pp. L127-L133 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Je Hyeong Kim ◽

Sung Yong Lee ◽

Sang Myeon Bak ◽

In Bum Suh ◽

Sang Yeub Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Goblet Cell ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Neutrophilic Infiltration ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Mucus Hypersecretion ◽

Egfr Expression

Bacterial infections of the lung are known to induce inflammatory responses, which lead to mucus hypersecretion. Moreover, mucin synthesis in the airways has been reported to be regulated by neutrophilic inflammation-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and its activation. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, have been reported to promote the transmigration of activated neutrophils. In this study, we investigated the associations between lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced goblet cell (GC) metaplasia and EGFR expression and the effects of MMP inhibitor (MMPI). Various concentrations of LPS were instilled into the tracheas of pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats, and airways were examined at different times after LPS instillation. To examine the role of MMP-9, we treated rats 3 days before LPS instillation and daily thereafter with MMPI. Neutrophilic infiltration, Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB/PAS) staining, and immunohistochemical staining for MUC5AC, EGFR, and MMP-9 were performed. The instillation of LPS increased AB/PAS and MUC5AC staining in time- and dose-dependent manners, and treatment with MMPI significantly prevented GC metaplasia. The instillation of LPS into the trachea also induced neutrophilic infiltration and EGFR and MMP-9 expression in the airway epithelium, and MMPI was found to significantly prevent neutrophil recruitment, GC metaplasia, and EGFR and MMP-9 expression. This study demonstrates that the MMP-9 and EGFR cascades are associated with LPS-induced mucus hypersecretion.

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Conjunctival myxoid stromal tumour: a distinctive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 1259-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiao-Yi Qin ◽

Zhe-Hao Jin ◽

You-Pei Wang ◽

Zong-Duan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Stromal Tumour ◽

Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽

Low Grade ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Multiple Spindle ◽

Immunohistochemical Stains

Background/aimsTo describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 10 patients representing a new entity of benign conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical findings, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies identified 10 cases of low-grade conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours. Specimens were routinely processed and stained with H&E. Immunohistochemical stains for CD34, CD68, vimentin, S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), myosin, desmin, actin, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 were performed. Specific stains for Alcian-blue periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) and aldehyde fuchsin stains were also performed.ResultsTen patients with an average age of 45.6±11.1 years had a tender white or faint yellow to red mass on the bulbar conjunctiva. All the lesions were completely removed, and none of the patients relapsed. Histologically, all neoplasms consisted of spindle-shaped cells that showed signs of pseudonuclear inclusions, multinuclear cells and had no atypia. The stroma consisted of a large amount of mucus and was infiltrated with delicate to ropey collagens, a few mast cells and new vessels. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD34, vimentin and Bcl-2; partial positive for CD68; very low for Ki-67; and negative for S100, SMA, myosin, desmin and actin. AB-PAS suggested that the stroma was mucinous.ConclusionsThese rare benign mesenchymal conjunctival tumours are mostly unilateral and occur in the bulbar conjunctiva. Complete resection is the radical treatment. These lesions are characterised by multiple spindle cells, a large amount of mucus, and sharing similar basic histopathological features with conjunctival myxoma and conjunctival stromal tumour. We suggest naming these lesions ‘conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours’.

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Non-Mucinous Lepidic Predominant Adenocarcinoma Presenting with Extensive Aerogenous Spread

Rare Tumors ◽

10.4081/rt.2016.6580 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yusuke Takanashi ◽

Shogo Tajima ◽

Masaru Tsukui ◽

Kazuya Shinmura ◽

Takamitsu Hayakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Lower Lobe ◽

Poor Response ◽

Clara Cells ◽

Invasive Adenocarcinoma ◽

Rare Presentation ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

The Right

An extremely rare case of non-mucinous lepidic-predominant invasive adenocarcinoma (LPA) showing extensive aerogenous spread with a pneumonic presentation is reported. A 73-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of an infiltrative shadow on chest xray. Chest computed tomography revealed extensive ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe, which was accompanied by infiltrative shadow with a pneumonic presentation. Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma was presumed, and a partial resection of the right lower lobe was done. Histopathological examination revealed lepidic growth-predominant invasive adenocarcinoma with Clara type tumor cells, and there were innumerable aerogenous metastases also consisting of Clara cells. Because Alcian Blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining disclosed no mucus, the tumor was diagnosed as a non-mucinous LPA. The patient showed a poor response to 5 courses of pemetrexed, and she died one year after the diagnosis due to cancer progression. Nonmucinous LPA showed a rare presentation characterized by extensive aerogenous spread followed by a poor prognosis.

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Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Gastritis in Children

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10024-003-1006-4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 180-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Cohen ◽

E. Cueto Rúa ◽

N. Balcarce ◽

R. Drut

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Chronic Gastritis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Gastric Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Group A ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori gastric infection induces structural changes in the gastric epithelium. Among them, variations in the expression of cytokeratins have been reported in adult patients. In the present study, we describe the expression of CK7 and CK20 in gastric samples taken from the antrum in three groups of pediatric patients: (A) Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis (mean age: 11.4 years); (B) previous H. pylori chronic gastritis patients (mean age: 9.4 years); and (C) controls (mean age: 8.8 years). In all, the presence of sulfomucins was assessed with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff pH 1.0. Immunoreactivity was graded as absent (0), weak (1 +), moderate (2+), or intense (3+), in accordance with the intensity of the staining, and its distribution as focal or diffuse. CK7 reactivity was 2 + either focal or diffuse in all group A biopsies. The reactivity was more evident in the cells at the neck of the glands, in the areas with more inflammatory infiltrates, decorating long vertical segments of epithelium. In groups B and C, CK7 reactivity was also focal and 1 + at the cells of the necks of the glands. However, group B presented longer vertical segments of positive cells as compared to group C, and shorter than those of group A. The deeper glandular structures were focally 1 + in both groups. CK20 expression was comparable in all three groups, depicting a 2+ diffuse reactivity at the surface epithelium and interposed pits with absence or focal reactivity at the neck and coiled gland areas. Ki-67 immunostaining paralleled that of the CK7. Staining for sulfated mucosubstances was positive in two of five cases of groups A and B, and in none of the cases of group C. We conclude that: (1) the long segments of CK7-positive glandular necks in H. pylori cases most probably indicate intense regenerative activity during active inflammation; (2) eradication of H. pylori does not warrant ad integrum restitution since long segments of Ki-67+, CK7+ cells at the germinative compartment of the glands (as well as cells with sulfomucins) were still recognizable in ex- H. pylori patients; (3) finally, differing from what happens in adults, children somehow manage to maintain fully differentiated CK20+ superficial epithelium while the H. pylori is in action.

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COMPARISON OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKER WITH SPECIAL STAINS IN THE PROGNOSIS OF THE DIFFERENT GRADES OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v8i4.640 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Parthiban Nallaiyan ◽

Dr. Bharathi Ramakrishnan ◽

Dr. Gnanadeepam Santigo ◽

Dr. Dhanalakshmi Jeyasivanesan

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Collagen Fibre ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Schiff Reagent ◽

Neutral Mucin

Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the efficiency of Ki-67 with special stains in the stroma of different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and to evaluate the influence of these changes in predicting the prognosis of these tumors. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases of different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and 6 cases of control were sections and stained with Picrosirus red (PR), combined Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff reagent (AB-PAS) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) marker Ki-67. Results: Collagen fibre nature using PR stain and proliferative activity of malignant epithelial cells using IHC marker Ki-67 was found to be statistically significant. Mucin presence using AB-PAS was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Prognosis in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma can be accessed by change in collagen fibres birefringence, as the tumour progresses there is change from mature to immature collagen. Ki-67 is a good proliferative marker and shows that there is positive correlation with histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Presence of acidic or neutral mucin in OSCC needed to be further studied. For assessing the prognosis in different grades of OSCC, special stains can also be used. Keywords: Collagen, Mucin, Squamous cell carcinoma, Ki-67.

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A case of systemic mycosis in a Hovawart dog due to Candida albicans

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/1561-vetmed ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 260-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Skoric ◽

P. Fictum ◽

I. Slana ◽

P. Kriz ◽

I. Pavlik

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Health Condition ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽

Systemic Infections

Candida albicans is reported as the etiological agent of multi-systemic infections in dogs. A two-year-old female Hovawart dog was presented with marked alteration in its health condition characterised by weakness, fever, anorexia, abdominal pain, cachexy and generalized lymphadenopathy. A radiograph of the abdominal cavity showed several non-specific nodular lesions in the mesentery, ranging in size up to 10 cm in diameter. At necropsy, extensive enlargement of lymph nodes and the presence of numerous whitish to grey nodules of different sizes in several organs were evident. Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation characterized by large areas of necrosis surrounded by neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and a variable admixture of lymphocytes and fungi-like organismsin in all affected organs. Numerous branching hyphae, subsequently identified by mycological cultivation as Candida albicans, were observed. A periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction to prove the presence of fungi in tissues was positive. Examination of tissue samples of affected organs using polymerase chain reaction (quantitative Real-Time PCR) and cultivation was negative for the presence of all members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis.

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Feline Pituitary Adenomas: Correlation of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics With Clinical Findings and Case Outcome

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985820978309 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030098582097830

Author(s):

Margaret A. Miller ◽

Stacey L. Piotrowski ◽

Taryn A. Donovan ◽

J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff ◽

Tina J. Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Survival Time ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Study Results

Pituitary glands from 141 feline autopsy cases were reviewed histologically. Adenoma and hyperplasia were the most common lesions at 13 cases each. Pituitary adenoma was more likely than hyperplasia to be associated with clinical evidence of endocrinopathy or an intracranial mass ( P < .001). A histochemical and immunohistochemical panel was applied to 44 autopsy- or hypophysectomy-derived pituitary adenomas in 43 cats from 2 diagnostic laboratories. Adenomas were differentiated from hyperplasia by the presence of disrupted reticulin fibers. One cat had a double (somatotroph and melanotroph) adenoma. Twenty somatotroph adenomas consisted of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-negative acidophils that expressed growth hormone; 16/20 had hypersomatotropism; 17/20 had diabetes mellitus. Eleven melanotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-positive basophils or chromophobes that expressed melanocyte-stimulating and adrenocorticotrophic hormones; 5/11 had hypercortisolism; 6/11 had diabetes mellitus. Eleven gonadotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-negative chromophobes that expressed follicle-stimulating and/or luteinizing hormones. Two thyrotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-negative basophils or chromophobes that expressed thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pituitary-dependent disease was not recognized in cats with gonadotroph or thyrotroph adenomas. The Ki-67 proliferation index in hypophysectomy specimens was lower in somatotroph than in melanotroph adenomas. Fourteen cats with hypophysectomy-treated somatotroph or melanotroph adenoma had an 899-day median survival time versus 173 days in 17 nonsurgical cases. After adjusting for age, adenoma size and type, hypophysectomized cats had an overall better survival time than nonsurgical cases ( P = .029). The study results underscore the value of hypophysectomy and trophic hormone immunohistochemistry in the treatment and classification of feline pituitary adenomas.

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Desmoplastic trichilemmoma of the scalp: case report and literature review of immunohistochemical staining features

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519859739 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 3918-3925

Author(s):

Shan Zhong ◽

Li Wang ◽

Xue-ling Mei

Keyword(s):

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Outer Root Sheath ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Root Sheath ◽

Desmoplastic Stroma ◽

Negative Tumor ◽

Columnar Cells

Desmoplastic trichilemmoma (DT) of the scalp is a rare disease. In this report, we describe a 67-year-old man who had a small papule lesion around the hairline of the left scalp for more than 40 years. The lesion had rapidly grown to become a solitary, round, 15-mm neoplasm within 6 months. Histopathological examination showed that the mass was composed of a peripheral layer of columnar cells with nuclear palisading resembling the outer root sheath; the mass was surrounded by a thickened glassy basement membrane. The stroma in the center of the mass displayed solid, hyaline degeneration and an eosinophilic pattern, streaked with epithelial cords or islands. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed diastase-resistant, periodic acid–Schiff-positive desmoplastic stroma at the center, and Ber-EP4-negative tumor cells (CD34-positive focally and Bcl-2-positive at the periphery). The tumor was completely resected, and no recurrence occurred during the follow-up period. In this report, we also summarize immunohistochemical features from previous reports of DT, facilitating differential diagnosis of DT from some invasive skin tumors.

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Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Canine Pituitary Adenomas Obtained by Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985818784160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 889-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margaret A. Miller ◽

Tina Jo Owen ◽

David S. Bruyette ◽

J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff ◽

José A. Ramos-Vara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Brain Area ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽

Corticotroph Adenomas ◽

Worse Prognosis

Hypophysectomy specimens from 16 dogs with pituitary adenoma were evaluated with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), reticulin, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), growth hormone (GH), and Ki-67. The reticulin network was obliterated in all adenomas. One adenoma expressed ACTH and GH. Eight corticotroph adenomas were basophilic to chromophobic, and PAS- and ACTH-positive. Seven melanotroph adenomas were distinguished from corticotroph adenomas by expression of MSH. Pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism was diagnosed in 5 of 8 dogs with corticotroph and 4 of 7 with melanotroph adenoma. Pituitary height/brain area (P/B) ratio was elevated in all dogs. Previous canine hypophysectomy studies suggested that melanotroph adenomas were larger and carried a worse prognosis than corticotroph adenomas; however, in this study, corticotroph adenomas in comparison to melanotroph adenomas were larger (median P/B ratio: 1.06 versus 0.76), more proliferative (median Ki-67 index: 9.47% versus 1.99%), and associated with shorter survival (median: 300 versus 793 days). Recommended immunohistochemistry for PAS-positive pituitary adenomas includes ACTH and MSH to distinguish corticotrophs from melanotrophs and Ki-67 for proliferation index.

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