Severe Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease in Binturongs (Arctictis binturong)

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110206
Author(s):  
Kazuya Takehana ◽  
Anneke Moresco ◽  
James G. Johnson ◽  
Masaaki Kasahara ◽  
Norio Kasahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Renal Interstitium ◽  
Deposition Disease ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease ◽  
Secondary Condition

In a collection of 6 young binturongs ( Arctictis binturong), 3 presented with anorexia, lethargy, and footpad swelling diagnosed by surgical biopsy as calcinosis circumscripta. Despite supportive care over the next 4 years, affected binturongs had progressive weight loss, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia and developed large radiodense deposits in tissues adjacent to appendicular joints, thoracolumbar vertebrae, and the sternum. Two binturongs died and necropsies showed severe periarticular mineral deposition with fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Additionally, binturongs had mineralization of distal renal tubules, mineralization of the renal interstitium, and marked mineralization of the pulmonary interstitium and peribronchiolar smooth muscle. Foot biopsies from the surviving binturong were evaluated by spectroscopic microanalysis and were positive for hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Periarticular and footpad mineralization in these binturongs is consistent with hydroxyapatite deposition disease, which is rarely described in humans and animals as a primary familial condition or a secondary condition often associated with renal injury.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mara Klinkhammer ◽  
Sonja Djudjaj ◽  
Uta Kunter ◽  
Runolfur Palsson ◽  
Vidar Orn Edvardsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Reparative Process

BackgroundHereditary deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase causes 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) nephropathy, a rare condition characterized by formation of 2,8-DHA crystals within renal tubules. Clinical relevance of rodent models of 2,8-DHA crystal nephropathy induced by excessive adenine intake is unknown.MethodsUsing animal models and patient kidney biopsies, we assessed the pathogenic sequelae of 2,8-DHA crystal-induced kidney damage. We also used knockout mice to investigate the role of TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), CD44, or alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), all of which are involved in the pathogenesis of other types of crystal-induced nephropathies.ResultsAdenine-enriched diet in mice induced 2,8-DHA nephropathy, leading to progressive kidney disease, characterized by crystal deposits, tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Kidney injury depended on crystal size. The smallest crystals were endocytosed by tubular epithelial cells. Crystals of variable size were excreted in urine. Large crystals obstructed whole tubules. Medium-sized crystals induced a particular reparative process that we term extratubulation. In this process, tubular cells, in coordination with macrophages, overgrew and translocated crystals into the interstitium, restoring the tubular luminal patency; this was followed by degradation of interstitial crystals by granulomatous inflammation. Patients with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency showed similar histopathological findings regarding crystal morphology, crystal clearance, and renal injury. In mice, deletion of Tnfr1 significantly reduced tubular CD44 and annexin two expression, as well as inflammation, thereby ameliorating the disease course. In contrast, genetic deletion of Tnfr2, Cd44, or Ahsg had no effect on the manifestations of 2,8-DHA nephropathy.ConclusionsRodent models of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 2,8-DHA nephropathy and crystal clearance have clinical relevance and offer insight into potential future targets for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of paratuberculosis infection in sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Branka Vidic ◽  
Zivoslav Grgic ◽  
Milovan Jovicin ◽  
Zoran Rasic ◽  
Sara Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Positive Results

Paratuberculosis is an incurable chronic disease of ruminants, which is manifested with clinical signs of diarrhea and progressive weight loss. Causative agent is Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and the disiase occurs in cattle, sheep and goats. The outspread of paratuberculosis is huge in the whole world, especially in the countries where animal breeding is a developed branch of economy. Animals get infected with food and water contaminated with feces of infected animals. The infection spreads within infected pastures and also when trading animals with latent infection. Clinical manifestation of the disease can firstly be noticed in young categories of sheep, which is different than in cattle. Primary clinical symptom is chronic weight loss. It is rather hard to determine the level of prevalence of the disease, in a certain region, because the diagnostic procedure is complex and not always reliable enough. Detection of antibodies with ELISA test is considered a method of choice for diagnostic of paratuberculosis, because of fast gaining of the results and relatively low price of the test. By applying the ELISA test, we have analysed 2000 sheep blood samples. Positive results for paratuberculosis were found in 66 ( 3,30%) animals in total. In sheep samples from southern Backa region, positive findings were gained from 42 (3,89%) samples, and in Srem region, positive finding were found in samples from 24 sheep (2,60%). Control programs are based on the removal of all infected animals, application of general preventive measures and vaccination. Application of vaccination aims for elimination of clinical form of the disease. An effective treatment has not been determined so far.

Chronic Haemolytic Anemia and Splenomegaly in a Patient with an Isolated Adrenocorticotropin Deficiency

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMED.S406
Author(s):  
Rania Abdel-Muneem Ahmed ◽  
Koji Murao ◽  
Hitomi Imachi ◽  
Noriko Kitanaka ◽  
Tomie Muraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
General Malaise ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Haemolytic Anemia

Herein we describe a case of a 56-years old patient presented with general malaise, anorexia and progressive weight loss for about 5years associated recently with diarrhoea and repeated syncopal attacks for 1month. On admission, he had splenomegaly and his laboratory studies showed macrocytic hyperchromic haemolytic anemia [Hb = 9.4g/dl] and a significant hyponatremia [Na+ = 111mmol/l]. Endocrinological evaluation revealed an isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency (IAD) with a manifest hypoaldosteronism. On treatment with cortisone, both anemia and hyponatremia (but not splenomegaly) were markedly improved. Our case may represent an evidence for the pathogenesis of erythropoietic dysfunction in patients of adrenocortical insufficiency.

scholarly journals Disseminated tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis presenting as a tongue base mass

2018 ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-225436
Author(s):  
Sarah Pratt ◽  
Arthur Henderson ◽  
Stuart Gillett
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss

An 80-year-old woman presented with dysphagia, odynophagia and progressive weight loss. Initial investigations suggested a large base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. At panendoscopy, biopsies were taken which revealed granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells and areas of caseous necrosis. Acid-fast bacilli were identified on Ziehl-Neelsen stain and the appearances were consistent with Mycobacterium bovis. Closer inspection of the patient’s medical history revealed that she had previously undergone right hemicolectomy for an ascending colon stricture. The histology had shown granulomatous inflammation consistent with intestinal tuberculosis but no systemic treatment had been instigated at the time. This case highlights the importance of taking a detailed clinical history as well as the need to be cognisant of tuberculosis masquerading as cancer in the head and neck.

Antiviral and myocyte protective effects of murine interferon-β and -α2in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and epicarditis in Balb/c mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. H69-H76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Xin Wang ◽  
Valdeci da Cunha ◽  
Jon Vincelette ◽  
Kathy White ◽  
Sharlene Velichko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Myocyte Damage

The present study tested the hypothesis that murine (m)IFN-β or mIFN-α2can eliminate cardiac viral load and protect cardiomyocytes from injury in animals infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). CVB3-inoculated male Balb/c mice exhibited signs of illness, including lethargy, progressive weight loss, and death (10% on day 3 and 100% on day 8). Cardiac viral load was high [4,277 ± 1,009 plaque-forming units and 25 ± 5 copies CVB3/hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 mRNA] on day 4. The cardiac tissue exhibited severe inflammatory infiltration and myocyte damage with an average myocarditis integrated pathology score of 2.1 ± 0.2 on day 7. Most of the mice infected with CVB3 also developed epicarditis, and 55% had intraventricular thrombi present. Treatment with mIFN-β [2.5 to 10 million international units (MIU)/kg] dose-dependently improved the general health status in CVB3-inoculated mice, as evidenced by reduction in weight loss, prevention of death, elimination of cardiac viral load, protection of myocytes from injury, decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration, and attenuation of intraventricular thrombus formation. Treatment with 10 MIU/kg mIFN-α2resulted in a similar level of efficacy as that induced by 5 MIU/kg mIFN-β, with the exception that mIFN-α2did not reduce cardiac CVB3 mRNA. However, mIFN-α2, but not any dose group of mIFN-β, significantly attenuated CVB3-induced epicarditis. These data demonstrate antiviral effects for both mIFN-β and mIFN-α2, which lead to protection of the mice from CVB3-induced myocarditis. However, the potential mechanisms leading to a differential host response for the two isoforms of mIFN remain to be elucidated.

Seminoma with cutaneous metastases in a dog

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
EP Spugnini ◽  
A Bartolazzi ◽  
D Ruslander
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cutaneous Metastases ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
The Right

A 10-year-old Great Pyrenees was presented for anorexia and weight loss. On physical examination, the dog was emaciated and showed a large ulcerated lesion on the right lower lip in addition to an enlarged right testicle. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the testicle and surgical biopsy of the lip lesion were performed; the histopathological report was consistent with metastatic seminoma. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach in this unusual metastatic seminoma is presented and compared to the previous literature. A multimodality therapy consisting of surgery and chemotherapy is proposed for the clinical management of metastatic seminoma in dogs.

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