Musicians’ use of harmonic cognitive strategies when playing by ear

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-692
Author(s):  
Robert H Woody
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Playing By Ear

Past research has shown that musicians who are skilled at playing by ear use harmonically oriented integrated cognitive strategies, whereas beginning ear players tend to use more simplistic and fragmented approaches. In this study, I explored whether developing ear players can be moved toward more advanced cognition by directing their attention to the underlying harmonic properties of a melody they are learning. In this mixed-methods study, 28 university music majors participated in an experiment in which they learned a melody in two conditions: (1) exclusively by ear, unaided by any visual stimuli, and (2) by ear but with a chord chart representation of the melody’s phrase structure and chord progression. Upon completion of the experimental task, I interviewed each participant, prompting them to report their thought processes while learning the melodies. Transcripts of participants’ verbally reported thoughts were analyzed qualitatively for emergent themes. Quantitative results showed that the presence of the printed chord changes led to greater facility in ear playing among participants who measured in the middle range of vernacular musicianship, but not those in the low or high ranges. Qualitative analysis indicated that greater facility in ear playing came as musicians incorporated clues from the printed changes into their goal image of the melody they were learning to make their mental representation more harmonically substantive and instrumentally useful.

Determining Emotional Tone and Verbal Behavior in Patients With Tinnitus and Hyperacusis: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-672
Author(s):  
Suzanne H. Kimball ◽  
Toby Hamilton ◽  
Erin Benear ◽  
Jonathan Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Explanatory Mixed Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the emotional tone and verbal behavior of social media users who self-identified as having tinnitus and/or hyperacusis that caused self-described negative consequences on daily life or health. Research Design and Method An explanatory mixed-methods design was utilized. Two hundred “initial” and 200 “reply” Facebook posts were collected from members of a tinnitus group and a hyperacusis group. Data were analyzed via the LIWC 2015 software program and compared to typical bloggers. As this was an explanatory mixed-methods study, we used qualitative thematic analyses to explain, interpret, and illustrate the quantitative results. Results Overall, quantitative results indicated lower overall emotional tone for all categories (tinnitus and hyperacusis, initial and reply), which was mostly influenced by higher negative emotion. Higher levels of authenticity or truth were found in the hyperacusis sample but not in the tinnitus sample. Lower levels of clout (social standing) were indicated in all groups, and a lower level of analytical thinking style (concepts and complex categories rather than narratives) was found in the hyperacusis sample. Additional analysis of the language indicated higher levels of sadness and anxiety in all groups and lower levels of anger, particularly for initial replies. These data support prior findings indicating higher levels of anxiety and depression in this patient population based on the actual words in blog posts and not from self-report questionnaires. Qualitative results identified 3 major themes from both the tinnitus and hyperacusis texts: suffering, negative emotional tone, and coping strategies. Conclusions Results from this study suggest support for the predominant clinical view that patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis have higher levels of anxiety and depression than the general population. The extent of the suffering described and patterns of coping strategies suggest clinical practice patterns and the need for research in implementing improved practice plans.

Exploring the Boundaries of the Number–Temporal Order Association

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ganor-Stern
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Negative Number ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
The Past

Past research has shown that numbers are associated with order in time such that performance in a numerical comparison task is enhanced when number pairs appear in ascending order, when the larger number follows the smaller one. This was found in the past for the integers 1–9 ( Ben-Meir, Ganor-Stern, & Tzelgov, 2013 ; Müller & Schwarz, 2008 ). In the present study we explored whether the advantage for processing numbers in ascending order exists also for fractions and negative numbers. The results demonstrate this advantage for fraction pairs and for integer-fraction pairs. However, the opposite advantage for descending order was found for negative numbers and for positive-negative number pairs. These findings are interpreted in the context of embodied cognition approaches and current theories on the mental representation of fractions and negative numbers.

Support and Goal Outcomes during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marika Vowels ◽  
Katherine Carnelley
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
The Face ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Sources Of Support

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been stuck indoors with their partners for months. Having a supportive partner is likely to be especially important during this time where access to outside sources of support is limited. Individuals have to continue to work on goals and tasks while dealing with demands caused by the pandemic. The present mixed-methods study aimed to investigate how partner support is associated with goal outcomes during COVID-19. The quantitative participants (n = 200) completed a daily diary for a week and weekly longitudinal reports for a month and 48 participants attended a semi-structured interview. The quantitative results showed that higher relational catalyst support was associated with better goal outcomes; qualitative analyses revealed partners use direct and indirect forms of emotional and instrumental support toward goal pursuit. Across both forms of data, participants’ resilience in the face of the pandemic was evident.

Multicultural teaching competence among undergraduate faculty: a convergent mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler Puhy ◽  
Nalini Prakash ◽  
Clarissa Lacson ◽  
Joke Bradt
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Student Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Teaching Competence ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
K 12

Purpose Increased student diversity in universities across the USA has increased the need for post-secondary educators to develop multicultural teaching competence (MTC). Most studies of MTC focus on educators teaching grades K-12. The purpose of this study is to determine how faculty members rate themselves in terms of MTC, what multicultural knowledge and skills faculty report and how they integrate these skills into their teaching practice and what barriers exist to developing and implementing MTC. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that impact undergraduate faculty integration of multicultural awareness and attitudes into their teaching practices to enhance student learning. Design/methodology/approach A convergent mixed methods study used survey and interview data from undergraduate faculty. Select items from the MTC Inventory (MTCI) and social justice scales (SJS) were administered. Interviews (N = 7) were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were compared to examine convergence and divergence. Findings Quantitative results revealed undergraduate faculty’s awareness, knowledge and skills as indicated by percent agreement with items from the MTCI and SJS instruments. Qualitative findings included the following four themes: knowledge building, addressing diversity in the classroom, barriers and challenges, and needs and recommendations. Qualitative data corroborated or explained many of the quantitative results and provided insight into these trends and barriers that impact MTC. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind, to our knowledge, that has used a mixed methods research design to examine factors that impact MTCs and associated barriers among a sample of undergraduate faculty across disciplines in one urban university.

Young children’s arithmetic strategies in social context: How parents contribute to children’s strategy development while playing games

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Bjorklund ◽  
Martha J. Hubertz ◽  
Andrea C. Reubens
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Sociocultural Perspective ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Math Problems

We examined the relationship between parents’ behaviour and children’s use of simple arithmetic strategies while playing a board game in contrast to solving arithmetic problems. In a microgenetic study spanning 3 weeks, 5-year-old children who were just beginning kindergarten played a modified game of “Chutes and Ladders” with one of their parents, computing their moves from the throw of dice. Children also solved math problems (math context) given to them by their parents at the end of each session. Children’s arithmetic strategies and a variety of parental behaviours (prompt, prompt after error, affirmation, disaffirmation, cognitive directives, provide answer) were coded for children’s game moves and the math context. As in past research, children used multiple and variable strategies, both when computing their moves during the game and in solving the math problems. Parents displayed different patterns of behaviours during the game and math contexts and showed different relationships among behaviours and strategies as a function of context, reflecting their sensitivity to the cognitive demands on their children of the different tasks. The results were interpreted in terms of the need to integrate contemporary strategy development theory with a sociocultural perspective and to recognise the dynamic nature of parent–child interactions with respect to the social construction of cognitive strategies.

scholarly journals Facilitating Better Postnatal Care with Women-Held Documents in The Gambia: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Gooden ◽  
Lotta Gustafsson ◽  
Fides Lu ◽  
Faith Rickard ◽  
Alice Sitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Background: Women-held documents are a basic component of continuity of maternity care. The use and completion of women-held documents following discharge could improve treatment and care for postnatal women. Using a mixed-methods study design, we aimed to assess content, quality and completeness of women-held discharge documents and identify factors contributing to the effective use and handover of these documents.Methods: Documents given to women at discharge from all three hospitals in the Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia, were reviewed for content and quality. Poisson regression was used to estimate factors predicting completion of the documents. Semi-structured interviews (n=21) and two focus groups were carried out with healthcare professionals (HCPs).Results: From the 212 women included in the study, nearly all (n=211; 99%) were given a document to take home. The maternal record was the most common (n=207; 98%) and the most complete (17/26 items completed on average; 65%). None of the women’s sociodemographic or clinical characteristics were associated with the completeness of the documents. Themes identified from the interviews include HCPs completing and handing over the documents to women and the ability of women to understand and use the documents. Facilitators and barriers identified from both themes were synthesised alongside the quantitative results. Conclusions: The government-issued maternal record is well established in The Gambia and has potential to be more effective. We recommend a national protocol be established to improve consistent completion and use of the maternal record and to reduce the number of documents HCPs must complete. Training and monitoring of HCPs would ensure the document is complete, given to all women and explained to the women clearly and thoroughly.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Implementing Therapeutic Yoga in Assisted Living Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Em V Adams ◽  
◽  
Marieke Van Puymbroeck ◽  
Brandi M Crowe ◽  
Cynthia LS Pury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Treatment Fidelity ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assisted Living Facilities ◽  
Staff Support ◽  
Yoga Intervention ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this convergent mixed methods study was to explore the feasibility of implementing a chair yoga intervention in assisted living facilities (ALFs), evaluating reach, demand, acceptability, practicality, treatment fidelity, and safety. A yoga intervention was implemented twice a week for eight weeks at four different ALFs. Feasibility data were collected in the form of observational data, reflective field notes, and focus groups. Quantitative and qualitative data strands were compared to determine if results were convergent or divergent. Quantitative benchmarks were met for reach, demand, acceptability, practicality, treatment fidelity, and safety. A directed content analysis revealed qualitative results were convergent with quantitative results. Yoga appears to be feasible, but practicality varied widely and was largely dependent on the resources (i.e., staff support and space) available at individual facilities. Recommendations for future research and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence in Distance Learning: A case study of English as a second language via distance learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
George Boon Sai Teoh ◽  
Agnes Wei Lin Liau
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Distance Learners ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Learning English

Distance learners studying English confront emotionally demanding obstacles. A mixed methods study was conducted to explore the role that distance learners’ emotional intelligence (EI) plays as they learn English. In phase one of the study, 238 students responded to a composite questionnaire that yielded their EI scores, demography, and viewpoints regarding the English course. In phase two, 18 volunteers selected based on their EI scores were interviewed to obtain qualitative data to build upon the quantitative results. This paper presents a case study of a student called Aini. The findings revealed that Aini’s EI helped her manage her emotions, perceptions, and actions, and ultimately obtain her obligatory English credits for graduation. It is imperative to inculcate students’ EI to help them manage their emotions in order to adapt and persevere, not only when learning English via distance learning but also to successfully accomplish one’s goals in life.

scholarly journals Seoul Destination: A Mixed-methods Study of a Korean University

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-82
Author(s):  
William H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
International Study ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
The Republic

The number of international students studying in the Republic of Korea has increased tremendously over the last 20 years, marking a change in regional student mobility trends. While most international degree students tend to originate in countries in Asia, signifying regionalization versus internationalization, exchange students are diverse by nationality/ region. This concurrent nested mixed-methods study sought to investigate the pull factors of a Korean university among exchange students. 564 students completed an electronic questionnaire and through on campus interviews. Quantitative results suggested that exchange students found characteristics about Korea attractive (e.g., K-pop) as well as wanting international and/or cross-cultural experiences, to be the most appealing. 10 students participated in interviews, and findings showed that students became interested in Korea by exposure to popular media, as well as wanting a diverse, international study environment. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of university inbound program promotion/marketing and program design/development for short-term mobility, along with areas for future research.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigation into Causal Factors for Engineering Enrollment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Armstrong ◽  
David S. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Engineering Profession ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Public ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In Canada, the majority of university-bound students are required to choose their post-secondary program during their final year of high school. This is an important decision, and is difficult and confusing for many students with limited information to make these career-impacting choices. Past research suggests that the engineering profession is not understood in the public domain, especially in elementary and secondary schools. To further investigate this issue, a mixed-methods study is being conducted to examine the factors behind students’ selection of engineering. Self-reported retrospective satisfaction with program selection is used as an indicator for successful decision-making. Indicated factors were compared with demographics to determine if they vary in importance by gender, year or personal relationships with professional engineers. This paper discusses trends that are evolving from the first phase of processing. Extensive quantitative and qualitative analysis is still underway on the full package of data, and further findings will be published at a later date.

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