Flow and music performance: Professional musicians and music students’ views

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110309
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini Philippe ◽  
Céline Kosirnik ◽  
Esther Ortuño ◽  
Michele Biasutti

Performing music at the highest levels involves great competitiveness. When each performance represents a major personal challenge, success is no longer solely dependent on a high level of technical mastery: the psychological aspects of the performance also have a decisive impact. The concept of flow is presented as a phenomenon associated with significant improvements in the musician’s performance and well-being. This work explores musicians’ positive experiences in performance situations and studies the factors that promote the emergence of flow during competitions. Eleven musicians, both professionals and students, were interviewed to consider ways of promoting the emergence of flow that help them to produce high-quality performances. Our analysis revealed several different factors promoting the emergence of flow: social standing, performance preparation, connection to one’s body, awareness of skills and self-confidence, intrinsic motivation, attentional focus, and transcendence. These findings enhance our understanding of the conditions influencing the emergence of flow. We consider work pathways which might facilitate the emergence of flow experiences and thus help musicians to produce high-quality performances while protecting them from the harmful effects of stress and anxiety.

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Hildebrandt ◽  
Matthias Nübling ◽  
Victor Candia

BACKGROUND: Public opinion associates music performance with pleasure, relaxation, and entertainment. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that professional musicians and music students are often affected by work-related burdens. These are closely related to stress and anxiety. OBJECTIVE: Scrutinizing specific health strains and work attitudes of music students during their freshman year of high-level education. METHODS: One hundred five students in three Swiss music universities were part of a longitudinal study using standardized assessment questionnaires. Before and after their first study year, some custom-made questionnaires designed to fit the particular work environment of musicians were used together with the already validated inquiry instruments. RESULTS: Fatigue, depression, and stage fright increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate more study is needed and attempts should be made to minimize the stress level, improve the students’ ability to cope with stress, and otherwise reduce their risk for injury. This appears particularly important considering the long-term negative effects of stressors on individuals’ health as revealed by modern research.


Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-López ◽  
Javier Courel-Ibáñez ◽  
Antonio Granero-Gallegos

The aim of this study was to identify distinctive profiles (clusters) of high-level, young handball players according to their motivation, fear of failure and competitive state anxiety. In addition, we examined differences in the distribution of gender, age, and players’ position within each profile. The study participants were 479 young handball players. The age range was 16–17 years old. Players were administered a battery composed of Sport Motivation Scale, Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R, to measure the above-mentioned theoretical constructs. Results showed three different player profiles that the discriminant analysis with canonical correlations grouped into two functions. Function 1 was characterized by those players with the highest values of motivation and self-confidence, and function 2 included those players with lower self-determined motivation, more amotivation, more fear of failure and the highest levels of anxiety. The results provide relevant information for coaches, as they will help them design individualized training programs that will improve athletes' performance, while ensuring their health and well-being.


2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Anton Nazarov ◽  
Natalya Tovmasyan ◽  
Denis Kovtun

The Smart City concept includes a fairly wide range of characteristics of this new phenomenon for modern society. The main goal of creating smart cities is the comfortable living in them of people with a high level of well-being. The quality of living conditions for people in smart cities directly depends on how clean their natural environment is. The article examines the features of the development of the ecological vector of creating cities with maximum amenities for residents. Possible risks associated with negligence towards objects of animate and inanimate nature are listed, ways of high-quality environmental protection of cities of the future are outlined.


Author(s):  
Esa Virkkula

AbstractThis article examines the influence of vocational music education workshops on the learning motivation of popular and jazz music students in a self-determination theory’s (SDT) framework. SDT illustrates that satisfying people’s universal psychological needs has a significant influence on well-being and learning. Psychological needs will become satisfied when the learner autonomously influences the choices and decisions of his or her learning. The learner feels then competent to act in the learning environment and receive the experiences related to it. The present article is based on a qualitative research project that examined 62 Finnish conservatory popular and jazz music students who participated in 11 music performance workshops with professional musicians in 2003–2011. The research data consists of (a) workshop plans and learning goals written by the students before the workshops and (b) reflective essays of experiences after the workshops. The data was analysed using theory-oriented content analyses. The students were responsible for the planning and implementation of music performances with professional musicians. Commitment to challenging performance projects with professional musicians motivated the students to try their best to develop their musicianship.


2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Lubov Ivankina ◽  
Elmira Kashapova ◽  
Elena Klemasheva ◽  
Veronika Malanina ◽  
Ekaterina Taran

In this article, we analyze the resilience of older adults and its probable predictors. Among predictors that affect the individual level of a person’s resilience in older age, we consider the participation in different types of activities and personal coping strategies to respond to challenges through the life-course. The article presents the results of a correlation analysis of resilience with the financial, consumer and labor behavior of older adults. We have revealed that the types of financial and consumer behavior, information and communication practices significantly differ for individuals with different resilience levels. Constructive coping with the new conditions and requirements for the well-being allows older adults to maintain a high level of resilience and participation in society. Older people, focused on mastering new skills for a successful life in a changing world, have high indicators of resilience, focus on self-confidence, energy, preventive overcoming of difficulties, have low rates of catastrophic situations.


Author(s):  
Shpak M.M.

The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and empirically investigate the psycho-emotional state of students under distance learning in higher education institutions.Methods. A set of research methods are used in order to achieve the goal: a) theoretical – analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and systematization of obtained results; b) empirical – observation, conversation, psychodiagnostic techniques: a technique of “Self-assessment of mental states” by H. Eysenck – to determine the indicators of mental states of students (anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity); a research technique of emotional intelligence by G. Hall – to determine the indicators and level of development of emotional intelligence in students; test “Pre-examination well-being” (modification of the technique of S.I. Boltivets) – to study the psychological readiness for passing exams and pre-examination well-being of students; c) mathematical and statistical data processing – descriptive statistics (finding the levels and frequency of expression of the trait in percent), linear correlation analysis by Pearson.Results. The study involved 80 students enrolled in 1st–2nd yearof Master’sdegree program at Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. The age of the respondents is 21–25 years. The study was carried out during 2020–2021.It was found out that under distance learning, a third part of students have a high level of anxiety, frustration, aggression. They experience anxiety, confusion, worrying, disillusion associated with prolonged social isolation, online learning, virtual communication with teachers and peers. More than half of students have an average level of the development of emotional intelligence therefore they are not always able to correctly recognize, understand and deal with emotions. Under distance learning half of the students showed an average level of psychological readiness for the exam and not entirely good pre-examination well-being. They are emotionally tense before the exam, often feel fear, lack of self-confidence in themselves and their knowledge.Conclusions. It was found out that under distance learning psycho-emotional state of students significantly deteriorates. Thereby, teachers need to create favorable conditions for students to study, taking into consideration their individual psychological characteristics, to provide them with psychological support.Key words: mental state, emotional state, emotional intelligence, distance learning, students, higher education institutions. Мета статті – теоретично обґрунтувати та емпірично дослідити психоемоційний стан студентів в умовах дистанційного навчання в закладах вищої освіти.Методи. Для реалізації поставленої мети використано комплекс методів дослідження: а) теоретичні–аналіз, синтез, порівняння, узагальнення та систематизація отриманих результатів; б) емпіричні – спостереження, бесіда, психодіагностичні методики: методика «Самооцінка психічних станів» Г. Айзенка – для визначення показників психічних станів студентів (тривожність, фрустрація, агресивність, ригідність); методика дослідження емоційного інтелекту Н. Холла – для визначення показників та рівня розвитку емоційного інтелекту в студентів; тест «Передекзаменаційне самопочуття» (модифікація методики С.І. Болтівця) – для дослідження психологічної готовності до складання іспитів та передекзаменаційного самопочуття студентів; в) методи математично-статичної обробки даних – описова статистика (знаходження рівнів і частоти вираженості ознаки у відсотках), лінійний кореляційний аналіз Пірсона.Результати. У дослідженні взяли участь 80 студентів, які навчаються на 1–2 курсах магістратури в Тернопільському національному педагогічному університеті імені Володимира Гнатюка. Вік респон-дентів становить 21–25 років. Дослідження здійснювалося впродовж 2020–2021 років.Виявлено, що за умов дистанційного навчання третина студентів мають високий рівень тривож-ності, фрустрації, агресивності. Вони відчувають тривогу, хвилювання, неспокій, розчарування, які пов’язані з тривалою соціальною ізоляцією, навчанням у режимі онлайн, віртуальним спілкуванням з викладачами й однолітками. Більше половини студентів мають середній рівень розвитку емоційного інтелекту, тому не завжди здатні правильно розпізнавати, розуміти та управляти емоціями. В умовах дистанційного навчання у половини студентів виявлено середній рівень психологічної готовності до іспиту та не зовсім хороше передекзаменаційне самопочуття. Вони емоційно напружені перед іспитом, часто відчувають страх, невпевненість у собі та своїх знаннях.Висновки. З’ясовано, що в умовах дистанційного навчання психоемоційний стан студентів суттєво погіршується. У зв’язку з цим викладачам необхідно створити сприятливі умови для навчання студентів з урахуванням їхніх індивідуально-психологічних особливостей, забезпечити надання їм психологічної підтримки. Ключові слова: психічний стан, емоційний стан, емоційний інтелект, дистанційне навчання, студенти, заклади вищої освіти.


2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110345
Author(s):  
Damla Tahirbegi

This study was undertaken with the intent of exploring three overarching research questions concerning music performance anxiety (MPA). The first objective was to collect descriptive accounts of the everyday experiences of MPA in educational settings. The second objective was to investigate the adaptive coping strategies students utilized to manage their MPA, which were distilled from the data in light of the self-regulated learning framework. Finally, the perceived institutional support around MPA was investigated. A semi-structured interview approach was used as the main data collection method ( n = 10). All students interviewed perceived themselves as experiencing MPA to some extent; however, the intensity of these experiences varied. The most common MPA coping strategies mentioned were increasing individual practice time, and mental skill practices. All students mentioned the importance of preparation, which was associated with self-confidence, leading to higher self-efficacy beliefs, which in return had a positive impact on their management of MPA. Teachers and peers were identified as integral to sustaining students’ well-being and MPA regulation efforts. A positive teacher attitude toward the management of MPA appeared to encourage students’ help-seeking efforts.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maie Stein ◽  
Sylvie Vincent-Höper ◽  
Nicole Deci ◽  
Sabine Gregersen ◽  
Albert Nienhaus

Abstract. To advance knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between leadership and employees’ well-being, this study examines leaders’ effects on their employees’ compensatory coping efforts. Using an extension of the job demands–resources model, we propose that high-quality leader–member exchange (LMX) allows employees to cope with high job demands without increasing their effort expenditure through the extension of working hours. Data analyses ( N = 356) revealed that LMX buffers the effect of quantitative demands on the extension of working hours such that the indirect effect of quantitative demands on emotional exhaustion is only significant at low and average levels of LMX. This study indicates that integrating leadership with employees’ coping efforts into a unifying model contributes to understanding how leadership is related to employees’ well-being. The notion that leaders can affect their employees’ use of compensatory coping efforts that detract from well-being offers promising approaches to the promotion of workplace health.


Author(s):  
Orshanska Marіana

The purpose of the article is to determine the nature, characteristics and keyproblems of the main types of economic and legal instruments for the realizationof foreign direct investment (FDI). the methodological basis of the study is asystematic approach to the processing and compilation of statistics and indicators,as well as methods for their comparison, analysis and synthesis and a method offorecasting decisions on the use of investment potential to increase the attractivenessand volume of FDI attraction. The scientific novelty of the research lies in theanalysis of greenfield and brownfield strategies as the main forms of FDIimplementation, the disclosure of the content and interpretation of data on thereal state of FDI attraction, the search for opportunities to improve the investmentclimate and effective mechanisms for attracting foreign investors. conclusions. Itis confirmed that the investment attractiveness and rating of the country in theinternational market are the main factors for attracting investors. Inaccessibleinfrastructure, inefficient judicial system, high level of corruption and imperfectlegislation are the main obstacles that need to be overcome in order to attractforeign investors’ funds, providing a full package of assistance and support ateach stage of the implementation of investment projects. Greenfield and brownfield(M&A) are the most effective forms of FDI in order to achieve high growth ratesof the domestic economy, improve the level of population well-being andinternationally enter Ukraine. An analysis of the statistics on the effectiveness ofinnovative enterprise development projects, the characteristics of economic andlegal instruments indicate the gradual improvement of the investment climate andthe promotion of FDI inflows into the region’s economy through the implementationof greenfield and brownfield strategies. Examples of effective implementation ofthese strategies in the creation of new enterprises, companies of foreignrepresentation, which are expanding their capacity and entering new domesticmarkets are given. Examples of the brownfield strategy have been analyzed torestart existing and high-quality structural and organizational changes in inefficiententerprises, which have given impetus to improving the economic environment,investment attractiveness of the economy of the region and the country as a whole.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Vera Todorova

The aim of the current study is to look for theoretically and empirically grounded proof for the correlation between aspirations – extrinsic and intrinsic- determining the motivation – and the psychological wellbeing of adolescents in 11th grade. Materialistic orientation is expressed in the preferences of extrinsic goals such as fame, wealth and image, while the intrinsic aspirations are related to preferences of aspirations for personal growth, personal relationships and community contribution. High level of psychological wellbeing is measured through the six elements from K. Ryff’s definition: self-acceptance, positive interaction with others, autonomy, managing of environment, meaning and personal growth. The research includes a group of 50 students in two Bulgarian high schools.


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