Managerial support

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Travaglione ◽  
Brenda Scott-Ladd ◽  
Justin Hancock ◽  
Joshua Chang
Keyword(s):  
Union Membership ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Skill Shortages

This study investigates how Australian employees perceive managerial support and the influence of union membership on their perception of managerial support using data from 4124 employed persons in Australia across a range of industry sectors. The results indicate that employee perceptions of the work environment (control over working hours, job security, pay equity and safety) influence their perceptions of managerial support, regardless of union membership. The findings imply that managers have a critical role to play in supporting the needs of employees, particularly as organizations confront the challenges posed by aging workforces, growing skill shortages and an increasingly diverse and mobile workforce. This article addresses the call for organizations to provide more support to their employees from governments and management scholars. It also addresses the issue of managers taking on greater prerogative as employee advocates in the light of declining union influence.

Employee perceptions of pay equity and compensation factors: a study of Vietnamese state-owned enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ngan Collins ◽  
Anh Ngo ◽  
Pauline Stanton ◽  
Shuang Ren ◽  
Chris Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Pay Equity

Why Join? Why Stay? Instrumentality, Beliefs, Satisfaction and Individual Decisions on Union Membership

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peetz
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Employee Trust ◽  
Industrial Disputes ◽  
Perceived Instrumentality ◽  
Individual Decisions

To understand individuals' union membership choices it is necessary to examine decisions both to join and to leave (exit) unions, observed when employees are in jobs where unions are available and there is freedom of choice on union membership (‘open’ jobs). Using multivariate analysis of survey data, it was found that sympathy towards unions was the most powerful influence upon union joining, but had little impact on union exit, which was more a function of the perceived instrumentality of membership. Employee perceptions on union in-fighting and cooperation with management influenced union membership, as did the outcome of involvement in industrial disputes. Satisfaction with union delegates was a key influence on attitudes and membership. Employee trust of management only influenced exit behaviour through its interaction with satisfaction with union delegates. Job satisfaction had a complex relationship with union membership that is disguised in aggregated studies.

Beyond the Grey Zone: Organization Research Publishing and Bibliodiversity in the Research Communication System

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Industry Sectors

Research publishing involves the production, use and management of research in a variety of genres and formats by commercial and non-profit academic publishers, and by organizations in government, civil society, university and industry sectors. However discussion of research publishing mainly tends to focus on the production and circulation of peer-reviewed academic journals and to a lesser extent books produced by commercial academic publishers. Research reports and papers produced by organizations outside the formal publishing system play a critical role in the research and development (R&D) system, yet they are often overlooked in studies on open scholarship and research communication. This is partly due to a lack of terminology to adequately describe the diverse publishing practices of organizations which operate across a spectrum from formal to informal economic activity. In this article I define and contextualise research publishing by organizations in relation to other forms of academic publishing and recent calls for greater bibliodiversity in scholarly communication. Commonly used terms such as ‘grey literature’ or ‘unpublished literature’ are inadequate to describe and account for the proliferation and importance of diverse research genres and formats able to be produced, published and disseminated in print and online by think tanks, government agencies, industry bodies and research centres. By taking a more holistic, systems-oriented approach to research publishing we can begin to understand the diverse actors, institutions and practices involved in knowledge production and develop appropriate policies, infrastructure and management practices to support an effective, efficient, equitable, credible and sustainable research knowledge commons in the public interest.

scholarly journals How to Predict Seawater Temperature for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture (Student Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 13887-13888
Author(s):  
Masahito Okuno ◽  
Takanobu Otsuka
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Using Data

The increasing global demand for marine products has turned attention to marine aquaculture. In marine aquaculture, appropriate environment control is important for a stable supply. The influence of seawater temperature on this environment is significant and accurate prediction is therefore required. In this paper, we propose and describe the implementation of a seawater prediction method using data acquired from real aquaculture areas and neural networks. Our evaluation experiment showed that hourly next-day prediction has an average error of about 0.2 to 0.4 ◦C and daily prediction of up to one week has an average error of about 0.2 to 0.5 ◦C. This is enough to meet actual worker need, which is within 1 ◦C error, thus confirming that our seawater prediction method is suitable for actual sites.

scholarly journals Playing by different rules: indicators of happiness on playgrounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Outdoor Play ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
Using Data

As our cities continue to urbanize, opportunities for children’s unstructured outdoor play are declining. Play is a right to children, and holds a critical role in children’s lives. Creating opportunities for play during school hours produces significant physical and social health benefits. OPAL (Outdoor Play and Learning) is a registered community interest program originating in England transforming attitudes to play supervision, environment and provision within schools. In Toronto, Canada an OPAL pilot project is being implemented at six public elementary schools. Using data from this pilot, this study examines how differences in happiness while playing at schools vary across play conditions and duration. The study explores baseline data collected in Spring 2016 among 352 of 9-12-year-old children, attending grades 4 to 6. Binomial logistic regression was performed for recess and lunch play showing the correlation between happiness and play duration. There are statistically significant relationships between happiness and play conditions. Key words: outdoor play, unstructured, happiness, children, Toronto

scholarly journals Do Evaluative Pressures and Group Identification Cultivate Competitive Orientations and Cynical Attitudes Among Academics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article theorizes and analyzes how two aspects of the increasing accountingization of academia in the form of evaluative pressures and group identification, independently and interactively, work to cultivate academics’ self-interest for their social interactions with the scientific community, forming them to adopt more competitive orientations and cynical attitudes. Using data of a large number of faculty members from the 17 universities in Sweden, it is shown that evaluative pressures and group identification perceived by academics jointly reinforce each other (interact) in affecting their competitive orientation, and that group identification strengthens (moderates) the positive relation between evaluative pressures and academics’ rivalry notions and cynical attitudes. It is shown, contributing further to research on performance evaluation and the cultivation of self-interest and an egoistic ethical climate in academia, that it is evaluative pressures from peers rather than from performance measurements that are the major driver of an individual’s competitive (less cooperative) orientation and cynical attitudes. It is also concluded that while evaluative pressures are related to an increase in academics' competitive orientations, which may be viewed as an intended effect from control designers in universities, such an orientation is inversely related to cooperativeness and openness toward others and goes hand in hand with an increase in having cynical attitudes about peers and the work environment. Control designers in universities may thus not be able to have the one without the other, something that raises ethical concerns for academic leaders to reflect upon when aiming at cultivating self-interest orientations of academics.

scholarly journals The Spillover Effects of Spousal Chronic Diseases on Married Couples’ Labour Supply: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Tan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level

The objective of this study is to examine the spillover effects of chronic diseases experienced by spouses on their wives or husbands’ labour supply. Using data from 2010 and 2012 of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study employed a difference-in-difference (DD) strategy to investigate the average treatment effect of affected adults on their spouses’ working hours. The results show that, after their spouses were diagnosed with chronic diseases, the average weekly working hours of wives and husbands would be significantly reduced by 3.7–4.2 h and 3.8–4.4 h, respectively. Specially, the average weekly hours of full-time work would be reduced by 2.1–3.3 h for wives and 3.6–3.8 h for husbands. The effect was stronger for those married couples with lower socioeconomic status (SES), such as low-level education, family asset, non-labour income, while the effect was insignificant for high-level SES households. Therefore, as a result of the adverse spillover effects on household labour supply, chronic diseases could cause a greater loss of labour force productivity. Additionally, households in low levels of SES may suffer more losses from reduced labour supply when spousal chronic diseases take place.

Salaried contracts in UK general practice: a study of job satisfaction and stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Gosden ◽  
Jacky Williams ◽  
Roland Petchey ◽  
Brenda Leese ◽  
Bonnie Sibbald
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Standard Contract ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Using Data

Objectives: To compare job satisfaction and stress levels of general practitioners (GPs) employed on salaried contracts with GPs on a 'standard' performance-related contract paid by fee-for-service and capitation. Methods: Job satisfaction and stress levels were assessed using data from two postal surveys of GPs: a national survey of 'standard' contract GPs carried out in 1998; and a survey of salaried GPs and their non-salaried GP employers in 1999. Differences in satisfaction and stress scores were assessed by t-tests; regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors and possible selection bias. Results: We achieved a response rate of 77% in the 1999 survey of salaried and non-salaried GPs; 48% of 'standard' contract GPs responded in the 1998 survey. We found that salaried GPs were as satisfied overall as both non-salaried GP employers and GPs on the 'standard' contract, even after controlling for confounding factors and selection bias. Salaried GPs were more satisfied with their remuneration, working hours and the recognition they got for their work. They experienced more stress with two factors but less stress with 19 factors compared with the 'standard' contract GPs. Conclusions: Overall job satisfaction levels among salaried doctors were similar to those of doctors on contracts paid by mixed fee-for-service and capitation. Future studies of job satisfaction levels under different doctor payment systems need to take account of the extent to which doctors have preferences for different types of contract if they are to derive unbiased results.

Development successes and issues for the future in deriving and applying selection indexes for beef breeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Barwick ◽  
A. L. Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Marker Test ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Industry Sectors

Research and development to provide systems for effective derivation and use of selection indexes has been conducted for the Australian beef industry since the late 1980s. This paper reports on development successes and presents evidence of increasing rates of industry genetic gain in beef production profitability. Key factors in success are identified and include the ability of the index development process to capture the full context of selection. The level of performance recording in many cases is the primary limitation to effective index use. Issues that will be more important in future applications of indexes are discussed. They include the need for more specific selection for environments, for extending the breeding objective to encompass additional industry sectors and aims, for greater account of industry supply and demand flow-on effects, and for combining gene marker tests with other criteria in indexes of economic merit. The critical role of selection indexes in targeting multiple-trait economic merit is likely to increase further with the availability of new gene marker test information.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE RATIONAL LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION OF ROAD PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Mykola Lykhostup ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Varfolomeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
The Road ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of

The constant aspiration of a person to replace manual labor with the work of machines and mechanisms is reproduced in such concepts as "mechanization", "automation", "machine-tool" and others. In the construction industry, the most common and most favorable for the disclosure of this desire is an indicator of the level of mechanization. But in the techniques and recommendations that provide advice on the definition of this indicator, its calculation is carried out using generalizations of mechanization of labor without giving any clear representations as to the determination of production volumes in a purely mechanized way.The article reveals the essence of the indicator of the level of mechanization of road production, which determines the expediency of improving the structure of the main production assets of the enterprise for the implementation of such a program of work, which would contribute to maximizing profits. In general, the definition of the rational level of mechanization is based on the implementation of an iterative algorithm, which includes a number of stages.Thus, at the first stage, the initial (basic) program of a road organization is determined using data on the quantity and quality of the main production assets and the usual program of work for this enterprise. Determining the structure of this program, consisting of a number of road works and labor processes, in turn, is carried out using the developed algorithm, which involves the maximum technological use of all types of resources, including technical, which contribute to the mechanized mode of work. Next, using the data on the structure of the works, it is possible to obtain the estimated value of profit that can be obtained as a result of the implementation of the initial program of work. On the basis of the information about the estimated value of profit formed part of it in the form of a production development fund. The size of the fund for the development of production is the basis for reforming the machine park of the road organization. Options for changing the quantitative and qualitative composition of the machine park include the steps to assess their residual value, the purchase of new machines, major repairs or replacement of existing units of equipment. Using the data of various variants of the modernization of the park of machines and mechanisms, the corresponding changes for working hours for them are determined for the year, that is, the initial annual of working time is recalculated. The updated information on annual working time funds is used to determine the appropriate modifications to the park of machines of the work program of the road organization. For each option of updated programs of work determined by the calculated profit, and its maximum value is approved rational program of work. At the last stage, using data on total costs of manual and mechanized labor, as well as data on the total number of performers, indicators are calculated that characterize the level of mechanization of a road enterprise. The obtained indicators, as characteristics of the level of mechanization, can be used to solve various tasks in the field of road production management.

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