scholarly journals Psychopathy and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Revisited: Results From a Statewide Population of Institutionalized Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Heirigs ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Bryanna Fox ◽  
Katie Dhingra ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Incarcerated Youth ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Suicide is the leading cause of death for incarcerated youth, and up to half of all juveniles in confinement experience suicidal ideation in addition to other psychopathology, including psychopathic personality features. Unfortunately, limited research has investigated the psychopathy–suicidality link among juvenile delinquents and using newer psychopathy measures. Based upon a statewide population of incarcerated juvenile offenders, we found that psychopathy was a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts, but the latter relationship was attenuated by lifetime depression diagnosis. In addition, certain affective psychopathic features such as Stress Immunity conferred protection against suicidality, whereas behavioral and lifestyle components including Carefree Nonplanfulness, Blame Externalization, and Rebellious Nonconformity were positively linked to suicidal thoughts among the youth offenders. As these risk factors are routinely screened for in juvenile justice settings, this study’s findings have considerable implications to applied practice and prevention among juvenile justice involved youth.

A Bayesian multilevel analysis of the longitudinal associations between relationship quality and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth with bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Sewall ◽  
Jeffrey M. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

ABSTRACTBackground: Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and frequently experience interpersonal impairment, which is a risk factor for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined the longitudinal associations between relationship quality in family/peer domains and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth with BD. Thus, we investigated how between-person differences--reflecting the average relationship quality across time--and within-person changes, reflecting recent fluctuations in relationship quality, act as distal and/or proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth Study (N=413). Relationship quality variables were decomposed into stable (i.e. average) and varying (i.e. recent) components and entered, along with major clinical covariates, into separate Bayesian multilevel models predicting SI and suicide attempt. We also examined how the relationship quality effects interacted with age and sex. Results: Poorer average relationship quality with parents (β= -0.33, 95% Bayesian Highest Density Interval (HDI) [-0.54, -0.11]) or friends (β= -0.33, 95% HDI [-0.55, -0.11]) were longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI but not suicide attempt. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents (β= -0.10, 95% HDI [-0.19, -0.03]) and, to a lesser extent, friends (β= -0.06, 95% HDI [-0.15, 0.03]), were also longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents may also be associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (β= -0.13, 95% HDI [-0.29, 0.03]). The effects of certain relationship quality variables were moderated by gender but not age. Conclusions: Among youth with BD, having poorer average relationship quality with peers and/or parents represents a distal risk factor for SI but not suicide attempts. Additionally, worsening recent relationship quality with parents that is may be a time-sensitive indicator of increased risk for SI or suicide attempt.

scholarly journals Suicidal Thoughts, Behaviors, and Event-Related Potentials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin J. Gallyer ◽  
Sean P. Dougherty ◽  
Kreshnik Burani ◽  
Brian J. Albanese ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are thought to be the result, at least in part, of abnormalities in various neural systems. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a useful method for studying neural activity and can be leveraged to study neural deficits related to STBs; however, it is unknown how effective ERPs are at differentiating various STB groups. The present meta-analysis examined how well ERPs can differentiate (a) those with and without suicidal ideation, (b) those with and without suicide attempts, (c) those with different levels of suicide risk, and (d) differences between those with suicide attempts versus those with suicidal ideation only.MethodOur meta-analysis included 208 effect sizes from 2,517 participants from 27 studies. We used a random-effects meta-analysis using a restricted maximum likelihood estimator with robust variance estimation.ResultsOur qualitative review found that for each ERP and STB combination, the literature is highly mixed. Our meta-analyses found a small-to-moderate relationship between ERPs and suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, suicide risk, and differences in ERPs between those with suicide attempts versus those with suicidal ideation only. We also found evidence that the literature may be suffering from small-sample bias and poor statistical power.ConclusionsOur results suggest that ERPs may complement other approaches, such as fMRI, in the study of the neurobiology of individuals with STBs. However, the current literature is severely underpowered to detect the effect sizes estimated in this meta-analysis. We recommend large-scale collaboration and improvements in measurement practices to combat the issues in this literature.

Differences in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Three Racial Groups

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Ammerman ◽  
Martha K. Fahlgren ◽  
Kristen M. Sorgi ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Despite being a major public health concern, it is unclear how suicidal thoughts and behaviors differentially impact separate racial groups. Aims: The aim of the current study was to examine the occurrence of nonlethal suicide events, in addition to suicide attempt characteristics and factors contributing to suicide attempts. Method: A final sample of 7,094 undergraduates from a large northeastern university, identifying as members of three racial groups (White [67.30%], Black [17.30%], and Asian [15.40%]), completed online questionnaires. Results: White participants reported increased likelihood of endorsing lifetime suicidal ideation and plan, whereas Black participants reported decreased likelihood of these events; no differences were found in rates of lifetime suicide attempts. Black participants' suicidal behavior may involve greater ambivalence of intent. A higher proportion of Asian participants endorsed interpersonal factors as contributing to their suicide attempts, whereas a greater percentage of White participants reported internal contributing factors. Limitations: Findings are limited by the sample size and assessment of lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Conclusion: The findings present a more nuanced look at attitudes and actions related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors that may inform future research and risk assessment procedures.

scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

Unsound sleep, wound-up mind: a longitudinal examination of acute suicidal affective disturbance features among an eating disorder sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram ◽  
William Grunewald ◽  
Lindsay P. Bodell ◽  
April R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Assessment ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract Background Suicide is one of the most commonly reported causes of death in individuals with eating disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the suicide and disordered eating link are largely unknown, and current assessments are still unable to accurately predict future suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to test the utility of two promising proximal risk factors, sleep quality and agitation, in predicting suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with elevated suicidal thoughts and behaviors, namely those with eating disorders. Methods Women (N = 97) receiving treatment at an eating disorder treatment center completed weekly questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation, agitation, and sleep. General linear mixed models examined whether agitation and/or sleep quality were concurrently or prospectively associated with suicidal ideation across 12 weeks of treatment. Results There was a significant interaction between within-person agitation and sleep quality on suicidal ideation [B(s.e.) = −0.02(0.01), p < 0.05], such that on weeks when an individual experienced both higher than their average agitation and lower than their average sleep quality, they also experienced their highest levels of suicidal ideation. However, neither agitation nor sleep quality prospectively predicted suicidal ideation. Conclusions This study was the first to examine dynamic associations between interpersonal constructs and suicidal ideation in individuals with eating disorders. Results suggest that ongoing assessment for overarousal symptoms, such as agitation and poor sleep quality, in individuals with eating disorders may be warranted in order to manage suicidal ideation among this vulnerable population.

Association Between Lifetime Headache and History of Suicide Attempts in the Elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Calati ◽  
P. Courtet ◽  
J. Norton ◽  
K. Ritchie ◽  
S. Artero
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractBackgroundPain-related conditions have been reported to play a key role among risk factors for suicide. Headache in particular has been repeatedly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The aims of this study were: 1) to assess the association between lifetime headache (both non-migrainous headache and migraine) and lifetime suicide attempts (SA); 2) to differentiate, within subjects with lifetime SA, patients with and without lifetime headache in terms of socio-demographic and clinical features.MethodsWe studied 1965 subjects from a cohort of community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and over without dementia (the ESPRIT study), divided in two groups: those with (n = 75), and those without a lifetime SA (n = 1890). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare these groups according to lifetime headache status.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender, living alone, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and depressive, manic/hypomanic and anxiety disorders, lifetime headache frequency was significantly higher in subjects with a lifetime SA compared with controls (OR = 1.92 [1.17–3.15]). Additionally, different factors were identified as being associated with lifetime SA in participants with lifetime headache (female gender, a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insomnia, lifetime major depression) versus participants without headache (glycemia and lifetime major depression).ConclusionsLifetime headache was associated with lifetime SA. Subjects who are women and report the co-occurrence of headache and insomnia as well as lifetime major depression require higher attention and a careful screening for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

scholarly journals Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Harrison ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Robyn E. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

BackgroundPrevious literature has demonstrated a strong association between cigarette smoking, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. This association has not previously been examined in a causal inference framework and could have important implications for suicide prevention strategies.AimsWe aimed to examine the evidence for an association between smoking behaviours (initiation, smoking status, heaviness, lifetime smoking) and suicidal thoughts or attempts by triangulating across observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses.MethodFirst, in the UK Biobank, we calculated observed associations between smoking behaviours and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Second, we used Mendelian randomisation to explore the relationship between smoking and suicide attempts and ideation, using genetic variants as instruments to reduce bias from residual confounding and reverse causation.ResultsOur observational analysis showed a relationship between smoking behaviour, suicidal ideation and attempts, particularly between smoking initiation and suicide attempts (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI 1.91–2.26; P < 0.001). The Mendelian randomisation analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, however, did not support this (odds ratio for lifetime smoking on suicidal ideation, 0.050; 95% CI −0.027 to 0.127; odds ratio on suicide attempts, 0.053; 95% CI, −0.003 to 0.110). Despite past literature showing a positive dose-response relationship, our results showed no clear evidence for a causal effect of smoking on suicidal ideation or attempts.ConclusionsThis was the first Mendelian randomisation study to explore the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts. Our results suggest that, despite observed associations, there is no clear evidence for a causal effect.

Examining the Association Between the MMPI-2-RF Triarchic Psychopathy Scales and Suicidality in a Criminal Defendant Sample

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Tylicki ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Yossef S. Ben-Porath
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Criminal Defendant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
General Association

Prior research has shown that psychopathic personality traits are differentially related to suicide risk, and limited literature also suggests the potential that such risk manifests differently across sex. The current study sought to examine whether sex moderated associations between domains from the triarchic model of psychopathy, a comprehensive perspective of psychopathy, and various suicide variables. Our sample included 1,064 criminal defendants (760 males, 304 females), who had been administered the MMPI-2-RF, from which triarchic psychopathy scales were scored. Suicide-related variables, including current suicidal ideation during interview, history of previous suicide attempts, and number of previous suicide attempts, were reliably obtained from clinical records. The MMPI-2-RF SUI (Suicide/Death Ideation) scale was also examined as a psychometric operationalization of suicidality. Results provided evidence for the general association between psychopathy-related traits and suicide-related outcomes in a manner consistent with the literature. However, these associations did not differ as a function of sex.

Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth: 1995-2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Richard T. Liu ◽  
Rachel F.L. Walsh ◽  
Ana E. Sheehan ◽  
Shayna M. Cheek ◽  
Sarina M. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Sexual Minority Youth ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Heterosexual Youth ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

OBJECTIVES In this study, we determined trends in prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual youth from 1995 to 2017 using population-based surveillance data. METHODS Data were drawn from the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 1995 to 2017 (unweighted N = 41 636). The annual percent change (APC) in prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was stratified by sexual orientation as indexed by sexual identity and sexual behavior. RESULTS Among sexual minority youth, prevalence rates declined over the entire study period for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = −1.25; APCsexual behavior = 1.83), plans (APCsexual identity = 1.88; APCsexual behavior = –1.95), and attempts (APCsexual identity =–2.64; APCsexual behavior = –2.47). Among heterosexual youth, prevalence rates declined from 1995 to 2007 for suicidal ideation (APCsexual identity = –6.67; APCsexual behavior = 6.77) and plans (APCsexual identity = –5.73; APCsexual behavior = –6.25). These declines in ideation and plans were steeper than those for sexual minority youth. Prevalence of suicide attempts declined across the entire Study period among heterosexual youth (APCsexual identity = –3.66; APCsexual behavior = –4.01). Prevalence of all 3 outcomes remained markedly high among sexual minority youth across the 23-year study period. CONCLUSIONS Although suicidal thoughts and behavior have generally declined among sexual minority and heterosexual youth, disparities in these outcomes persist, and their prevalence among sexual minority youth has remained consistently elevated. Prioritized screening for risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this vulnerable population is imperative to reduce disparities and prevalence of these outcomes.

Non-suicidal self-injury prevalence, course, and association with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in two large, representative samples of US Army soldiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 1470-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Turner ◽  
Evan M. Kleiman ◽  
Matthew K. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractBackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prospectively predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviors in civilian populations. Despite high rates of suicide among US military members, little is known about the prevalence and course of NSSI, or how NSSI relates to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, in military personnel.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of two representative surveys of active-duty soldiers (N = 21 449) and newly enlisted soldiers (N = 38 507) from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of NSSI is 6.3% (1.2% 12-month prevalence) in active-duty soldiers and 7.9% (1.3% 12-month prevalence) in new soldiers. Demographic risk factors for lifetime NSSI include female sex, younger age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, never having married, and lower educational attainment. The association of NSSI with temporally primary internalizing and externalizing disorders varies by service history (new v. active-duty soldiers) and gender (men v. women). In both active-duty and new soldiers, NSSI is associated with increased odds of subsequent onset of suicidal ideation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.66–1.81] and suicide attempts (adjusted OR = 2.02–2.43), although not with the transition from ideation to attempt (adjusted OR = 0.92–1.36). Soldiers with a history of NSSI are more likely to have made multiple suicide attempts, compared with soldiers without NSSI.ConclusionsNSSI is prevalent among US Army soldiers and is associated with significantly increased odds of later suicidal thoughts and behaviors, even after NSSI has resolved. Suicide risk assessments in military populations should screen for history of NSSI.

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