Geogrid-Reinforced Pile-Supported Railway Embankments

2005 ◽  
Vol 1936 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Jie Han ◽  
James G. Collin
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Lagrangian Analysis ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Lateral Displacements

Piles or columns have been used successfully in combination with geosynthetics to support embankments over soft soil. The inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcement over piles enhances load transfer from soil to piles, reduces total and differential settlements, and increases slope stability. It creates a more economical alternative than that without the geosynthetic. An existing geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment in Berlin was selected for numerical modeling and analysis. This embankment was constructed to support railways over deep deposits of peat and soft organic soils. Precast piles and caps were installed with a load transfer platform formed by three layers of geogrid and granular materials installed between the piles and the embankment fill. Instrumentation was installed to monitor the settlements of the embankment and the strains in the geogrid layers over time. A finite difference method, incorporated in the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua three-dimensional software, was used to model this embankment. In the numerical analysis, piles were modeled with pile elements, and caps were modeled as an elastic material. Geogrid elements built in the software were used to represent the geogrid reinforcement. Embankment fill, soft soil, firm soil, and platform fill material were modeled as linearly elastic perfectly plastic materials with Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria. The embankment was built by a number of lifts to simulate its construction. Numerical results and comparisons with field measurements on the vertical and lateral displacements, the tension along the reinforcement, and the axial forces and moments on piles are presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of Embankment Supported by Rigid Inclusions Using Plaxis 3D

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Alsirawan
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Inclusion ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Soil Arching ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

A rigid inclusion-supported embankment is used to overcome the problems of soft soils. This system is considered complex due to the various interactions between its elements, namely the embankment body, load transfer platform, geogrid layers, piles, and soft soils. The load transfer mechanism is based on the phenomenon of soil arching, the tension in the geogrid layers, support of the soft soils, and friction between piles and soft soil. In this paper, the first part highlights the behaviour of a rigid inclusion-supported embankment validated by field measurements, and the contribution of rigid inclusions technology to the reduction of settlement and creep settlement. In addition, the effect of geogrid in improving the load efficiency and reducing the settlements is presented. In the second part, a comparison is made between many analytical design methods and a three-dimensional finite element analysis method. The results show the inconsistencies between the analytical methods in calculating the load efficiency and the tension in the geogrid.

Finite Element Study of Settlement of Cement Mixing Composite Foundation and Non-Probabilistic Reliability Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Sheng Mu ◽  
Ling Gao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

This paper presents a non-probabilistic method for reliability analysis of cement mixing composite foundations. First, the load transfer mechanism of composite foundations is described. Then a three-dimensional finite element model of cement mixing composite foundation under embankment is built. The settlement of subgrade is analyzed. Finally, a non-probabilistic reliability method is used to investigate the settlement reliability. The results show that the cement mixing composite foundation can significantly improve the compressibility of soft soil.

Study on Strength of Shanghai Marine Clay by True Triaxial Test

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-ren Sheng ◽  
Chao-jun Wu ◽  
Guan-lin Ye ◽  
Jian-hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stress Path ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
True Triaxial Test ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
True Triaxial

Shanghai locates on the east tip of Yangtze River Delta facing the East China Sea. Shanghai marine clay owns some particular properties. However, the report on the mechanical properties of Shanghai marine clay is rather rare. The three-dimensional strength and deformation characteristics of soft soil are dependent on the stress conditions. In this study, a series of isotropic consolidated drained true triaxial tests are carried out with an automatically controlled mixed rigid-flexible boundary true triaxial apparatus. Undisturbed soil sample is prepared by the block sampling method. 5 drained tests with stress path in the same π plane along different Lode angles are performed. Tests results show that the intermediate stress has large influence on the yielding and failure of Shanghai marine clay. Three dimensional strength of Shanghai marine clay generally obeys the SMP failure criteria.

scholarly journals Parametric Studies of the Load Transfer Platform Reinforcement Interaction with Columns

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4015
Author(s):  
Beata Gajewska ◽  
Marcin Gajewski ◽  
Zbigniew Lechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Spatial Problem ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Space Modeling

When designing embankments on a soft ground improved with columns (rigid inclusions) and with a geosynthetically reinforced load transfer platform (LTP), the methods of determining strains in reinforcement reduce the spatial problem to a two-dimensional one, and analytical calculations are carried out for reinforcement strips in the directions along and across the embankment. In addition, the two-dimensional FEM models do not allow for a complete analysis of the behavior of the reinforcement material. The aim of this research was to analyze the work of the membrane in the 3D space modeling of the LTP reinforcement, depending on the interaction with the column, the shape of the column’s cap, the value of the Poisson’s ratio, the value of the stiffness of the elastic foundation (subgrade reaction k) modeling of the soft soil resistance between the columns and the load distribution over membranes that model the reinforcement. The membranes were modeled in the framework of the theory of large deformations using the finite element method and slender shell elements as three-dimensional objects. This modeling method allowed for the analysis of the behavior of the LTP reinforcement in various directions. The conducted analyses showed, among others, that in the absence of soil resistance between the columns, regardless of the shape of the cap (square, circle), the greatest strains are located near the edge of the cap in the diagonal direction between the columns.

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR SAN FRANCISCO TEMPLE IN MORELIA, MEXICO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 207-2016
Author(s):  
Guillermo Martinez ◽  
David Castillo ◽  
José Jara ◽  
Bertha Olmos
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Seismic Demands ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Cracking Pattern ◽  
The Temple

This paper presents a first approximation of the seismic vulnerability of a sixteenth century building which is part of the historical center of Morelia, Mexico. The city was declared World Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1991. The modeling and analysis of the building was carried out using a three-dimensional elastic tetrahedral finite elements model which was subjected to probabilistic seismic demands with recurrences of 500 yrs and 1000 yrs in addition to real seismic records. The model was able to correctly identify cracking pattern in different parts of the temple due to gravitational forces. High seismic vulnerability of the arched window and the walls of the middle part of the bell tower of the temple was indicated by the seismic analysis of the model.

scholarly journals Blowing and drifting snow in Alpine terrain: numerical simulation and related field measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gauer
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Snow Transport

A physically based numerical model of drifting and blowing snow in three-dimensional terrain is developed. The model includes snow transport by saltation and suspension. As an example, a numerical simulation for an Alpine ridge is presented and compared with field measurements.

scholarly journals Transient Three-Dimensional Flow Field Measurements by Means of 3D µPTV in Drying Poly(Vinyl Acetate)-Methanol Thin Films Subject to Short-Scale Marangoni Instabilities

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Max Tönsmann ◽  
Philip Scharfer ◽  
Wilhelm Schabel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Three Dimensional Flow ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Short Scale ◽  
Dry Film

Convective Marangoni instabilities in drying polymer films may induce surface deformations, which persist in the dry film, deteriorating product performance. While theoretic stability analyses are abundantly available, experimental data are scarce. We report transient three-dimensional flow field measurements in thin poly(vinyl acetate)-methanol films, drying under ambient conditions with several films exhibiting short-scale Marangoni convection cells. An initial assessment of the upper limit of thermal and solutal Marangoni numbers reveals that the solutal effect is likely to be the dominant cause for the observed instabilities.

scholarly journals Analysis of Turn-to-Turn Fault on Split-Winding Transformer Using Coupled Field-Circuit Approach

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Cunxiang Yang ◽  
Yiwei Ding ◽  
Hongbo Qiu ◽  
Bin Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Transient Field ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Leakage Field ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Split Winding

The turn-to-turn faults (TTF) are also inevitable in split-winding transformers. The distorted leakage field generated by the TTF current results in large axial forces and end thrusts in the fault windings as well as affecting other branch windings normal operation, so it is of significance to study TTF of split-winding transformers. In this paper, the characteristics analysis of the split-winding transformer under the TTFs of the low voltage winding at different positions are presented. A 3600 KVA four split-windings transformer is taken as an example. Then, a simplified three-dimensional simplified model is established, taking into account the forces of the per-turn coil. The nonlinear-transient field-circuit coupled finite element method is used for the model. The leakage field distribution under the TTFs of the low voltage winding at different positions is studied. The resultant force of the short-circuit winding and the force of the per-turn coil are obtained. Subsequently, the force and current relationship between the branch windings are analyzed. The results show that the TTF at the specific location has a great influence on the axial windings on the same core, and the distorted leakage magnetic field will cause excessive axial force and end thrust of the normal and short-circuit windings. These results can provide a basis for the short-circuit design of split-winding transformer.

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