Analysis of Private Participation Effects in Bus Rapid Transit Projects in Ecuador

The two largest cities in Ecuador each implemented three bus rapid transit (BRT) corridors from 1995 to 2013. The projects present similar characteristics, and thus a unique opportunity to analyze factors that influenced their performance. This paper identifies the level of private participation and the extent to which it influenced the outcomes of the projects. Two approaches were identified: 1) including incumbent operators by delegating vehicle acquisitions and operations; and 2) replacing them with a public company. The financial strength and interest of the incumbent operators in continuing to function along parallel routes were major issues. Quito was successful in the implementation of the first corridor through public delivery but failed in its attempts with private participation. Guayaquil surmounted the barriers for effective private participation through a special purpose vehicle (SPV) that managed the risk created by the inherent nature of the consortiums. It is expected that a deeper understanding of these processes will contribute to more efficient and sustainable transportation investments in Ecuador.

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Evaluating Health Impacts from a Bus Rapid Transit System Implementation in India: Case Study of Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2531-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2531 (1) ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anjali Mahendra ◽

Lakshmi Rajagopalan

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Impact ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Sustainable Transport ◽

Modal Shift ◽

Transit System ◽

Indian State

Sustainable transportation interventions affect public health in three ways: through ( a) reduced pollution emissions, ( b) increased physical activity, and ( c) reduced road accidents. The public health benefits that can be achieved through investment in sustainable transport thus are substantial. This study sought to estimate benefits from sustainable transport intervention in the city of Indore in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh through the construction of a bus rapid transit (BRT) system along a main traffic corridor. The benefits were estimated with a health impact assessment methodology developed on the basis of modal shift and vehicle kilometers traveled. With the introduction of a BRT system, the study found that about 14 lives could be saved per year as a result of an increase in walking or cycling, a decrease in private vehicle use, and a reduction in air pollution exposure. Also, more than 96 deaths could be prevented from 2013 to 2017 along the BRT corridor when compared with current trends in motorization with no BRT system investment. The reduction in emissions between a business-as-usual scenario and post-BRT scenario was 11%. The mortality risk from exposure to particulate matter of up to 2.5 mm in size could be reduced by 1.1%. Even given the limitations with respect to the data and the assumptions made in the study, the results were significant enough to recommend that public health aspects be considered in the formulation of transport policy and in the maximization of benefits.

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A Heuristic Method for Bus Rapid Transit Planning Based on the Maximum Trip Service

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6325

Author(s):

Zhong Wang ◽

Fengmin Lan ◽

Zijing Lin ◽

Lian Lian

Keyword(s):

Travel Demand ◽

Programming Model ◽

Transportation Network ◽

Heuristic Method ◽

Network Planning ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Important Indicator

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is characterized by higher speed, higher comfort level, and larger capacity than conventional bus service. Although many cities worldwide have adopted BRT in recent years, there is an absence of scientific and quantitative approach for BRT network planning. The problem of BRT planning in an existing transportation network is very complex with constraints of road geometrics, regulations, right of way, travel demand, vehicle operations, and so on. This paper focuses on developing an optimization model for BRT network planning, where an integer programing model is established to identify station locations and route layout with the objective of maximizing the number of trips served by the network, subjected to constraints including distance between stations, cost of construction, road geometrics, etc. The detour factor of the BRT route, which is an important indicator but widely ignored in previous studies, is also taken as a constraint. A heuristic method is applied to generate optimal solutions to the integer programming model, followed by a case study using the transportation network and travel demand data in Luoyang, China. The numerical results show that the method is valid and can therefore be applied to improve BRT network planning and the sustainable transportation system development.

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Layanan Bus Rapid Transit Purwokerto-Purbalingga pada Pengguna Wanita Menuju Kesiapan Dimensi Smart Mobility

Warta Penelitian Perhubungan ◽

10.25104/warlit.v33i1.1480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fauzan Romadlon

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Smart City ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Transportation Services ◽

City Model ◽

Smart Mobility

AbstrakPengoperasian Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Purwokerto-Purbalingga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan bagi para penggunanya. Faktanya, 70% pengguna BRT adalah wanita sehingga dibutuhkan keterlibatan wanita demi menunjang keberlangsungan pembangunan kota, khususnya pada layanan transportasi umum. Di sisi lain, Purwokerto dan Purbalingga merupakan wilayah yang telah berorientasi smart city. Pada Garuda Smart City Model, yaitu sebuah model smart city initiative, terdapat smart economy di mana klaster layanannya adalah smart mobility dan bagian penting dari smart mobility adalah layanan transportasi umum. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan sosio-ekonomi meliputi demografi dan pengalaman pengguna wanita dengan preferensinya terhadap layanan BRT. Selain itu, kesiapan kedua wilayah dalam penerapan smart city terutama smart mobility juga perlu diukur. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif meliputi statistika deskriptif dan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), sedangkan metode kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis indikator kesiapan smart mobility. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa preferensi pada kriteria ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan memiliki respons yang signifikan terhadap sosio-ekonomi. Berdasarkan indikator kesiapan smart mobility, operasional BRT baru siap terhadap indikator aksesibilitas BRT. Indikator lain seperti akses multimoda transportasi, akses transportasi internasional, teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) untuk mendukung mobilitas, dan transportasi berkelanjutan dapat dikatakan belum siap. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan kajian yang komprehensif dan kebijakan yang mendukung dalam menuju kesiapan smart mobility, sehingga BRT mampu menjadi transportasi andalan yang nyaman, aman, dan profesional.Kata kunci: Layanan, Preferensi Wanita, Bus Rapid Transit, Smart Mobility.AbstractThe Service of Bus Rapid Transit of Purwokerto-Purbalingga for Female Users towards Readiness of Smart Mobility Dimension: Operating Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) of Purwokerto-Purbalingga aims to improve services for its users. In fact, 70% of BRT users are women, so it requires the involvement of female users to support the sustainability of urban development, especially in public transportation services. On the other hand, Purwokerto and Purbalingga are areas that have been smart city-oriented. In the Garuda Smart City Model, which is a smart city initiative model, there is a smart economy where the service cluster is smart mobility and its main part is public transportation service. This research is conducted to determine the socio-economic correlation of demographics and experience of female users of BRT with their preferences toward the services. In addition, the readiness of the two regions in the application of the smart city, especially smart mobility, also needs to be measured. The methods used were quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods include descriptive and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, while qualitative methods were used to analyze indicators of smart mobility readiness. The results obtained show that preferences for economic, social, and environmental criteria have a significant response to socioeconomic. Based on smart mobility readiness indicators, BRT operations are only ready on the indicator of BRT accessibility. Other indicators such as multimodal transportation access, international transportation access, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support mobility, and sustainable transportation are not ready yet. Therefore, comprehensive studies and policies that support smart mobility are needed so that BRT can become a reliable, safe, and professional transportation.Keywords: Service, Women’s Preference, Bus Rapid Transit, Smart Mobility.

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SMART BRT ITERA Management: A Pilot Project of Indonesia's Inclusive Bus Campus System

Journal of Sustainability Perspectives ◽

10.14710/jsp.2021.11209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zenia F Saraswati ◽

Goldie Melinda Wijayanti ◽

Denny Juanda

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Best Practice ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Transportation Service ◽

Regional Campus ◽

The Republic

Sustainable transportation service is not only about reducing exhaust emissions but about its impact on society.This work seeks to analyze the potential of ITERA Smart Bus Rapid Transit (Smart BRT ITERA) as a regional campus buses in creating the accessibility needed by the wider community, affordable in terms of tariffs, efficient and supporting economic development and reducing emissions and waste generated in the Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) in Lampung, Indonesia. As a commitment to sustainability by planning Smart BRT ITERA form of collaboration with the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. ITERA, in this case, acts as the operator of 10 buses grants by the Ministry to serve this activity. It is hoped that this project can become a best practice for other universities in Indonesia

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An Implementation of Repetitive Scheduling Method in Bus Transportation Schedule

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.k1142.09811s19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11S) ◽

pp. 804-806

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Transport Services ◽

The People ◽

Transportation Service ◽

Scheduling Method ◽

Transportation Schedule ◽

The Impact

Sustainable transportation is a transportation system that minimizes the impact on economic, social and environmental aspects. One of the land transportation used in Makassar is Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Mamminasata is a public transportation service that can be used by the people of Makassar in middle and lower level. In public transport services is often found the uncertainty waiting time of bus arrival and departure at each stop. This research applies repetitive scheduling method in solving the scheduling problem to know the departure and arrival schedule of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) at every stop. This research proposes the arrival and departure schedule of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) based on each route at each stop. The result of the repetitive scheduling method is the duration of time and the number of units of the bus according to the condition intensity.

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Analisis Pelayanan Bus Rapid Transit Kapasitas Sedang pada Sistem Transportasi Perkotaan [The Service Analysis of Medium Capacity Bus Rapid Transit on the Urban Transportation System]

Warta Penelitian Perhubungan ◽

10.25104/warlit.v30i2.688 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 119-132

Author(s):

Weldy Anugra Riawan

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Urban Transportation ◽

National Development ◽

Transportation System ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Mass Transportation ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Transportation Service ◽

The Government

The improvement of the mass transportation service in urban areas such as Bus Rapid Transit recently becomes the main issue. The sustainable transportation through the development of the integrated mass public transportation including BRT acts as the main key in solving the various transportation problems in every city. The development of the urban transportation system becomes the agenda of national development. BRT managed by the government should contend against the private sector. Moreover, the government shoud focus on fixing the performance and improving public mass transportation quality. This study aims to evaluate the condition of BRT service which has been implemented in several cities in Indonesia.. The analyses used were the descriptive qualitative and SWOT. The result of this study shows that the service performance of BRT in Batam City remains poor due to the inadequate facilities to support the convenience, safety, and protection aspect for the users.Keywords: Bus Rapid Transit Medium, Urban Transportation System, Mass Transportation Service, SWOT Analysis. AbstrakPeningkatan kualitas pelayanan transportasi perkotaan terutama transportasi massal seperti Buss Rapid Transit (BRT) menjadi isu sentral pada saat ini. Pembangunan transportasi berkelanjutan melalui pengembangan angkutan umum massal yang terpadu termasuk BRT adalah kunci utama dalam menjawab permasalahan transportasi di setiap kota di Indonesia. Pembangunan transportasi massal perkotaan menjadi agenda pembangunan nasional. BRT yang dikelola oleh pemerintah harus mampu bersaing secara kompetitif dengan swasta, sehingga pemerintah harus fokus memperbaiki kinerja dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan angkutan umum. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi kondisi pelayanan BRT yang telah diimplementasikan pada beberapa kota di Indonesia. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan SWOT. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pelayanan BRT di Kota Batam masih rendah. Hal tersebut terlihat dari kondisi fasilitas yang belum memadai untuk menunjang aspek kenyamanan, keselamatan, dan keamanan pengguna jasa.

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Game Model of the Route Selection for Bus Rapid Transit

CICTP 2017 ◽

10.1061/9780784480915.420 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hua-Wei Gong ◽

Wen-Zhou Jin ◽

Xiao-Dong Zang ◽

Qiang Luo

Keyword(s):

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Game Model ◽

Route Selection ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Selection For

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Modeling Interstation Travel Speed of Hybrid Bus Rapid Transit within A Bayesian Framework

智能城市应用 ◽

10.33142/sca.v2i5.817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ji-hua Hu ◽

Jia-xian Liang

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Bayesian Framework ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Main Road ◽

Traffic Lights ◽

Speed Distribution ◽

Hybrid Bus

Interstation travel speed is an important indicator of the running state of hybrid Bus Rapid Transit and passenger experience. Due to the influence of road traffic, traffic lights and other factors, the interstation travel speeds are often some kind of multi-peak and it is difficult to use a single distribution to model them. In this paper, a Gaussian mixture model charactizing the interstation travel speed of hybrid BRT under a Bayesian framework is established. The parameters of the model are inferred using the Reversible-Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach (RJMCMC), including the number of model components and the weight, mean and variance of each component. Then the model is applied to Guangzhou BRT, a kind of hybrid BRT. From the results, it can be observed that the model can very effectively describe the heterogeneous speed data among different inter-stations, and provide richer information usually not available from the traditional models, and the model also produces an excellent fit to each multimodal speed distribution curve of the inter-stations. The causes of different speed distribution can be identified through investigating the Internet map of GBRT, they are big road traffic and long traffic lights respectively, which always contribute to a main road crossing. So, the BRT lane should be elevated through the main road to decrease the complexity of the running state.

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STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TRANSPORTASI MASSAL DI WILAYAH SUBURBAN MAKASSAR

Jurnal Transportasi Multimoda ◽

10.25104/mtm.v15i1.411 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Ummu Kalsum ◽

M.Yamin Jinca

Keyword(s):

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Mapping Analysis

Fenomena suburbanisasi yang terjadi di kota Makassar mendorong terciptanya pusat-pusat aktivitas baru di kawasan pinggiran dan menimbulkan berbagai masalah baru, seperti masalah transportasi. Penelitian ini menjelaskan arah perkembangan kota di wilayah suburban, karakteristik pergerakan, kondisi pelayanan angkutan massal dan menemukan strategi pengembangan transportasi angkutan massal. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan mapping analysis, deskriptif kuantitatif, komparasi dan SWOT untuk menemukan strategi pengembangan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kota berkembang ke arah Timur dan Selatan serta tidak sesuai dengan hierarki jalan. Disamping itu masyarakat suburban dominan melakukan perjalanan 5 kali dalam seminggu dengan waktu tempuh berkisar 30 menit. Pelayanan angkutan massal menggunakan bus (Bus Rapid Transit) masih rendah karena halte masih sulit dijangkau meskipun biaya penggunaannya sangat terjangkau dan memberikan kenyamanan lebih dibanding angkutan massal lainnya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan strategi pengembangan konsep transportasi yang bersifat mikro dan adaptif untuk diterapkan.

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