Field Evaluation of Fluorescent Strong Yellow-Green Pedestrian Warning Signs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1538 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Clark ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
Navaneet Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Recent improvements in manufacturing processes have allowed the development of a fluorescent, microprismatic sign material with a unique strong yellow-green color. Although this color is listed in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, it is currently unassigned. Pedestrian accidents continue to be a major safety problem in the United States, and the Federal Highway Administration has requested research on the application of fluorescent strong yellow-green warning signs for pedestrian, bicycle, and school crossing applications. The research effort sought to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescent strong yellow-green pedestrian warning signs in improving safety at midblock pedestrian crossing areas, using sound experimental methodology and encompassing multiple users and varied crossing conditions in several North Carolina cities. An experimental plan with a single treatment was used (replacement of existing signs with fluorescent strong yellow-green) and followed a model of before and after with a comparison site. The measures of effectiveness used were vehicle-pedestrian conflicts and motorist slowing and stopping. Results indicate that the fluorescent strong yellow-green treatment produced only marginal improvements in perceived safety at the crossing sites. Although the occurrence of motorists slowing and stopping increased significantly at three of the seven test sites, the proportion of vehicle pedestrian conflicts did not change significantly. Based on the results it is recommended that FHWA tentatively designate fluorescent strong yellow-green for nonmotorized applications until such time that long-term accident-based and cost-effectiveness research is available to justify permanent designation or alternative uses.

Controlled-Environment Evaluation of Fluorescent Strong Yellow-Green Pedestrian-Crossing Sign Prototypes

1996 ◽  
Vol 1553 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneet Dutt ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
Kenneth L. Clark ◽  
Steven Blakely
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Target Value ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
The Impact

Fluorescent strong yellow-green (SYG) is one of the most unassigned colors in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). FHWA has recently been considering the SYG color for nonmotorized application in the W11-2 series of signs in MUTCD. A number of field evaluation studies on the impact of these warning signs on conflicts and user preferences have been undertaken. A controlled-environment evaluation of the SYG pedestrian-crossing sign prototypes under five different natural light conditions is presented. Factors that contribute to different driver performance in response to microprismatic fluorescent SYG signs relative to the commonly used enclosed-bead yellow signs are identified. Target value and legibility distance of the prototypes in a simulated driving environment on a pool of test subjects are assessed. A factorial analysis of variance design was used to obtain unbiased estimates of these parameters. The general linear model was used iteratively to eliminate factors that did not affect the model significantly. It was found that SYG pedestrian-crossing prototypes had better performances in terms of their legibility distances than the enclosed-bead prototypes although the target value did not show any difference. The results indicate that use of fluorescent SYG signs is likely to increase driver awareness of warning signs.

User Preference for Fluorescent Strong Yellow-Green Pedestrian Crossing Signs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1605 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaneet Dutt ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
Kenneth L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
User Preference ◽  
State University ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Strong yellow-green (SYG) is one of the unassigned colors listed in the FHWA’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Fluorescent SYG is promising because it appears to be more conspicuous in low-light conditions than conventional yellow signing materials. FHWA has conducted an extensive evaluation of SYG used for signs that warn drivers of nonmotorized hazards. North Carolina State University conducted one of the largest evaluations of SYG signs. The evaluation consisted of three parts: a traffic conflict study, a laboratory study, and a survey of pedestrians and drivers. The survey assessed driver perceptions of SYG warning signs at midblock pedestrian crossings. The researchers conducted the survey at four locations, which differed in pedestrian activities and saturation of pedestrian crossing signs. The study found that respondents thought that the SYG signs were more conspicuous, induced greater alertness in road users, and had a stronger association with caution. The respondents indicated that the aesthetic impact of the signs on the surroundings was no worse than that of standard yellow signs, and they generally recommended the use of SYG signs even when they were informed that the costs may be higher. The researchers also found that increases in travel frequency through the area in which the SYG signs were installed and increases in driving through that area in poor light conditions increased a respondent’s chances for noticing the SYG signs. Women and drivers between the ages of 36 and 45 generally gave SYG signs higher ratings than did other drivers. The results of this survey are described.

Bioboard

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The World

The following topics are under this section: ASIA-PACIFIC — Collaborative research effort reveals chemical compound that kills drug-resistant bacteria ASIA-PACIFIC — Big Data Analytics used for Personalized Assessment Tool for Cancer Diagnosis ASIA-PACIFIC — Identifying the Molecular Mechanisms of Creating a Memory ASIA-PACIFIC — Funding for New Stem Cell Research provides Hope for Premature Born Babies ASIA-PACIFIC — Human Cortical Organoids used to Identify Mechanisms behind Epilepsy in Angelman Syndrome ASIA-PACIFIC — The Future of Contact Lenses: Self-Moisturising Technology ASIA-PACIFIC — Glycosylation of Protein Structure on Virus provide Insight to Molecular Understanding ASIA-PACIFIC — Comprehensive Mapping of the Human Brain using Synchrotron X-rays REST OF THE WORLD — Uncovering New Tricks for Old Drugs REST OF THE WORLD — Combination of Prenatal Smoking and Drinking adds on to Risk of SIDS REST OF THE WORLD — Blood Pressure Readings Could Provide Valuable Information on Early Warning Signs of Heart Disease REST OF THE WORLD — Study finds Households in the United States Wastes nearly a Third of the Food they Buy

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS and Substance Use Prevention for African American Young Adults: Field Evaluation of “Color it Real”

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110197
Author(s):  
Jon Agley ◽  
Yunyu Xiao ◽  
Wasantha Jayawardene ◽  
Albert Gay ◽  
Rosemary King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Before And After

In the United States, African Americans continue to bear a disproportionate amount of risk from HIV and illicit drug use, highlighting the importance of culturally responsive prevention programming. Manualized HIV and substance use prevention curricula that are conceptually African centered are few, and evaluative data of such programs are sparse. This research brief aims to describe a field evaluation of the “Color it Real” (CIR) program, a 6-session, 12-hr HIV and substance use prevention curriculum for African American males and females aged 18 to 24 years. Participants ( n = 225) were recruited using convenience sampling from two cities within a high-risk county in Indiana. Attitudes, knowledge, and confidence related to HIV and substance use were assessed before and after the intervention. Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used to compare pretest and posttest scores, and binary logistic regression models were used to examine sociodemographic associations with outcomes. Among the analytic sample ( n = 195), the CIR program was associated with several improved attitudes and increased knowledge related to HIV and substance use, but not with increased confidence in sexual negotiation skills. These findings represent the first published data from CIR since the developers’ original study, and support continued use of the curriculum by our program. Given the positive findings (i.e., attitudes and knowledge) and community receptiveness to CIR, we believe that a randomized, controlled trial of the intervention that includes longitudinal behavioral measurement would be a meaningful addition to prevention research.

Ultraviolet Headlamp Technology for Nighttime Enhancement of Roadway Markings and Pedestrians

1998 ◽  
Vol 1636 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Turner ◽  
Marsha Nitzburg ◽  
Richard Knoblauch
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Pavement Markings ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle

Motorists driving at night are two to three times more likely to be involved in a crash than during the day. Although, about half of the motor vehicle deaths occur at night, death rates based on miles driven are about four times higher at night than during the day. Nighttime driving also frustrates a large number of people, the majority of which are seniors. There is an effort under way to evaluate the use of supplemental ultraviolet (UV) automobile headlights to increase nighttime visibility. Research conducted in Sweden has shown very promising results, and a preliminary field research effort recently completed in the United States found that the visibility of pavement markings increased 25 percent with UV, and subjects generally favored its use. An extensive field study was conducted to determine the conditions under which driver performance could be improved with fluorescent traffic control devices and auxiliary UV headlights. Several static tests were done to evaluate fluorescent pavement markings, post-mounted delineators, and various pedestrian scenes under two headlight conditions (low beam only and low beam with UV). Dynamic tests included a subjective evaluation of two headlamp conditions and a performance test in which subjects drove an instrumented vehicle. The results of the field study indicated that pavement markings could be observed 30 percent further, and pedestrians could be observed over 90 percent further with the addition of UV. Subjects consistently evaluated the use of UV headlamps as beneficial.

Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gremil Alessandro Naz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
American Values ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽  
Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

scholarly journals Health Insurance Coverage before and after the Affordable Care Act in the USA

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Jesse Patrick ◽  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Partial Implementation

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is at the crossroads. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACA in order to make rational decisions about the ongoing healthcare reform, but existing research into its effect on health insurance status in the United States is insufficient and descriptive. Using data from the National Health Interview Surveys from 2009 to 2015, this study examines changes in health insurance status and its determinants before the ACA in 2009, during its partial implementation in 2010–2013, and after its full implementation in 2014 and 2015. The results of trend analysis indicate a significant increase in national health insurance rate from 82.2% in 2009 to 89.4% in 2015. Logistic regression analyses confirm the similar impact of age, gender, race, marital status, nativity, citizenship, education, and poverty on health insurance status before and after the ACA. Despite similar effects across years, controlling for other variables, youth aged 26 or below, the foreign-born, Asians, and other races had a greater probability of gaining health insurance after the ACA than before the ACA; however, the odds of obtaining health insurance for Hispanics and the impoverished rose slightly during the partial implementation of the ACA, but somewhat declined after the full implementation of the ACA starting in 2014. These findings should be taken into account by the U.S. Government in deciding the fate of the ACA.

Changing trends in quality of media reporting of suicide in the community following a celebrity suicide in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
Ramdas Ransing ◽  
Ginni Sharma ◽  
Jigyansa Ipsita Pattnaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online News ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Celebrity Suicide

Objective: Little is known about changes in quality of media reporting of suicide in the community following a celebrity suicide. Our objective was to compare trends in quality of media reporting of suicide, before and after the suicide of an Indian entertainment celebrity, against the World Health Organization suicide reporting guidelines. Method: Online news portals of English and local language newspapers, as well as television channels, were searched to identify relevant suicide-related news articles. Comparison of reporting characteristics before and after the celebrity suicide was performed using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 3867 eligible news reports were retrieved. There was a significant increase in harmful reporting characteristics, such as reporting the name, age and gender of the deceased ( p < 0.001 for all comparisons), mentioning the location ( p < 0.001) and reason for suicide ( p = 0.04) and including photos of the deceased ( p = 0.002) following the celebrity suicide. Helpful reporting practices were less affected; there was a significant rise in inclusion of expert opinion ( p = 0.04) and mention of suicide-related warning signs ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: Following a celebrity suicide, significant changes in the quality of media reporting of suicide were noted with an increase in several potentially harmful reporting characteristics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document