Evaluation of Cam Deformity on 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography With the Best-Fit Sphere Technique and the Alpha Angle Marking Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030
Author(s):  
Shuang Cong ◽  
Shaohua Liu ◽  
Yuxie Xie ◽  
Zhiwen Luo ◽  
Jiwu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radial View ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Reformatted Ct ◽  
Best Fit Sphere

Background: Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) is commonly used for the evaluation of cam deformity; however, it does not display the cam border directly. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of the best-fit sphere (BFS) method and the alpha angle marking (AAM) method in 3D-CT evaluation for the cam border. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-six cases of cam deformity, confirmed during hip arthroscopy, were included in this study. All patients underwent a CT scan before surgery. Using multiplanar reconstruction, we obtained reformatted CT images of oblique axial, oblique coronal, and radial views. The alpha angle and femoral head-neck offset ratio (hnoR) were measured on the reformatted CT images. The cam area on 3D-CT was displayed in 4 different ways: by importing the markers from the reformatted CT images of the oblique axial view (cam-oa), the oblique coronal view (cam-oc), or the radial view (cam-r) using the AAM method, or by using the BFS method (cam-bfs). The sizes and locations of the displayed cams were compared. Results: All hips in this study had an alpha angle greater than 60° and an hnoR smaller than 0.17. The radial view measured a larger alpha angle and smaller hnoR than the oblique axial and coronal views ( P < .05). The areas of cam-oa, cam-oc, cam-r, and cam-bfs were 161.47 ± 27.96, 89.78 ± 19.23, 241.73 ± 34.55, and 329.75 ± 42.73 mm2, respectively, and their medial-to-lateral ranges along the acetabulum (clockface referents) were 12:30 to 03:00, 11:30 to 01:30, 11:30 to 03:00, and 11:00 to 03:30, respectively. Among the 4 displays, cam-bfs had the largest area and medial-to-lateral range ( P < .05), and cam-r had the second largest area and range ( P < .05). No significant difference in the mean distances from the acetabular rim to the superior border was detected among the 4 displays ( P > .05). Conclusion: The cam area displayed by the BFS method on 3D-CT was larger than those evaluated by the AAM method. In the reformatted CT, the sizes and locations of cam deformity differed among the oblique axial, oblique coronal, and radial views, with the radial view showing the greatest area.

scholarly journals Multi-Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks for Edge Denoising of Computed Tomography Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiaowe Xu ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Jinglan Liu ◽  
Yukun Ding ◽  
Tianchen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Denoising ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Cycle

As one of the most commonly ordered imaging tests, the computed tomography (CT) scan comes with inevitable radiation exposure that increases cancer risk to patients. However, CT image quality is directly related to radiation dose, and thus it is desirable to obtain high-quality CT images with as little dose as possible. CT image denoising tries to obtain high-dose-like high-quality CT images (domain Y ) from low dose low-quality CT images (domain X ), which can be treated as an image-to-image translation task where the goal is to learn the transform between a source domain X (noisy images) and a target domain Y (clean images). Recently, the cycle-consistent adversarial denoising network (CCADN) has achieved state-of-the-art results by enforcing cycle-consistent loss without the need of paired training data, since the paired data is hard to collect due to patients’ interests and cardiac motion. However, out of concerns on patients’ privacy and data security, protocols typically require clinics to perform medical image processing tasks including CT image denoising locally (i.e., edge denoising). Therefore, the network models need to achieve high performance under various computation resource constraints including memory and performance. Our detailed analysis of CCADN raises a number of interesting questions that point to potential ways to further improve its performance using the same or even fewer computation resources. For example, if the noise is large leading to a significant difference between domain X and domain Y , can we bridge X and Y with a intermediate domain Z such that both the denoising process between X and Z and that between Z and Y are easier to learn? As such intermediate domains lead to multiple cycles, how do we best enforce cycle- consistency? Driven by these questions, we propose a multi-cycle-consistent adversarial network (MCCAN) that builds intermediate domains and enforces both local and global cycle-consistency for edge denoising of CT images. The global cycle-consistency couples all generators together to model the whole denoising process, whereas the local cycle-consistency imposes effective supervision on the process between adjacent domains. Experiments show that both local and global cycle-consistency are important for the success of MCCAN, which outperforms CCADN in terms of denoising quality with slightly less computation resource consumption.

scholarly journals Prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis presenting with a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on computed tomography in patients with myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis: a retrospective single-center study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Watanabe ◽  
Tomoyuki Minezawa ◽  
Midori Hasegawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Goto ◽  
Takuya Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis (MPO-ANCA nephritis) is occasionally accompanied by lung abnormalities such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis have not been well documented. This study was performed to compare the prognosis of a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 126 patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis and identified 31 with a UIP pattern of lung fibrosis on high-resolution or thin-slice computed tomography (CT). We compared the characteristics and prognosis of these patients with those of 32 patients with IPF. In 18 patients from both groups, we assessed and compared the decline in lung volume over time using three-dimensional (3D) CT images reconstructed from thin-section CT data. Results The numbers of male and female patients were nearly equal among patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis exhibiting a UIP pattern; in contrast, significant male dominancy was observed among patients with IPF (p = 0.0021). Significantly fewer smokers were present among the patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern than among those with IPF (p = 0.0062). There was no significant difference in the median survival time between patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern (50.8 months) and IPF (55.8 months; p = 0.65). All patients with IPF in this cohort received antifibrotic therapy (pirfenidone or nintedanib). Almost half of the deaths that occurred in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern were caused by non-respiratory-related events, whereas most deaths in patients with IPF were caused by respiratory failure such as acute exacerbation. In the 3D CT lung volume analyses, the rate of decline in lung volume was equivalent in both groups. Conclusions MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern on CT may have an unfavorable prognosis equivalent to that of IPF with a UIP pattern treated with antifibrotic agents.

scholarly journals Numerical variations and localization of foramen spinosum in 3D-CT images

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Yadigar Kastamoni ◽  
Ahmet Dursun ◽  
Veysel Atilla Ayyıldız ◽  
Kenan Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

Objectives: The structures passing through the foramen spinosum and its neurovascular relationships are of great importance for surgical approches directed to middle cranial fossa. The aim of the present study was to examine the number and location of the foramen spinosum (FS) in 3D-CT images. Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted on 3D-CT images of 177 adults. Firstly, the transverse section passing through the upper edge of the orbit, extending parallel to the Frankfurt plane was chosen. Then, the x and y-axes were determined on that transverse section. The coordinates, number, and location of the FS with respect to the foramen ovale (FO) were identified accordingly on x and y-axes. Results: While 1 FS was present in 90.96% of a total of 354 sides of 177 heads, there were 2 FS and 3 FS in 8.76% and 0.28% of the sides, respectively. The FS was located posterolaterally in 97.68%, posteriorly in 2.06%, and laterally in 0.26% with respect to the FO. In terms of FS coordinates, there was no statistically significant difference between gender and sides in the distance of the FS to the x-axis, but there was a statistically significant difference between gender and sides in the distance of the FS to the y-axis. Conclusion: Evaluation of the number of the FS and its location would help identifying and preserving neighbouring neurovascular structures during surgical interventions directed to the middle cranial fossa.

scholarly journals Difference in glenoid retroversion between two-dimensional axial computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstructed images

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Hyungsuk Kim ◽  
Chang Hyun Yoo ◽  
Soo Bin Park ◽  
Hyun Seok Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Glenoid Version ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scapular Body

Background: The glenoid version of the shoulder joint correlates with the stability of the glenohumeral joint and the clinical results of total shoulder arthroplasty. We sought to analyze and compare the glenoid version measured by traditional axial two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images at different levels.Methods: A total of 30 cases, including 15 male and 15 female patients, who underwent 3D shoulder CT imaging was randomly selected and matched by sex consecutively at one hospital. The angular difference between the scapular body axis and 2D CT slice axis was measured. The glenoid version was assessed at three levels (midpoint, upper one-third, and center of the lower circle of the glenoid) using Friedman’s method in the axial plane with 2D CT images and at the same level of three different transverse planes using a 3D reconstructed image. Results: The mean difference between the scapular body axis on the 3D reconstructed image and the 2D CT slice axis was 38.4°. At the level of the midpoint of the glenoid, the measurements were 1.7° ± 4.9° on the 2D CT images and −1.8° ± 4.1° in the 3D reconstructed image. At the level of the center of the lower circle, the measurements were 2.7° ± 5.2° on the 2D CT images and −0.5° ± 4.8° in the 3D reconstructed image. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at all three levels. Conclusions: The glenoid version is measured differently between axial 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at three levels. Use of 3D reconstructed imaging can provide a more accurate glenoid version profile relative to 2D CT. The glenoid version is measured differently at different levels.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the maxillary sinus volume : a study using computed tomography scans of a sample of Tamil Nadu population

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
N Muthukumaravel ◽  
K. Y. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background and aims : Measurements of the maxillary sinus volumes in computed tomography (CT) scans can be used for determination of gender when other methods are inconclusive. Maxillary sinus dimension measurements are valuable in studying sexual dimorphism and can assist in gender determination. The radiographic images can provide adequate measurements for maxillary sinuses that cannot be approached by other means. The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the volume of the maxillary sinus between males and females of Tamil Nadu region using CT scans. Materials and methods : This study was carried out by using CT images of head region of 100 males and 100 females who underwent CT scanning for indications other than the pathology of the maxillary sinuses. The CT images obtained were of patients between 20 to 50 years of age. The maxillary sinus volume of each side were calculated by using the following formula: Maximal width X Maximal height X Maximal depth X 0.5. Comparison of data between genders and sides was done. The statistical inference was derived by applying unpaired student "t" test and the p value was obtained (p value <.05 was considered statistical significant). Results: Oncomparison of males with females, the mean volumes of maxillary sinuses on each side (left and right) had shown a statistically significant difference (p<.OOOl ). The maxillary sinus volumes of the males were found to be significantly higher than that of the females. Among males, the average mean volume of maxillary sinuses (right + left) is 15.15 ± 0.45 cm3. Among females, the average mean volume of maxillary sinuses (right + left) is 12.77 ± 1.34 em' which is significantly lesser than that of the males. Conclusion : It can be concluded that the volumes of the maxillary sinuses of males are larger than those of the females and this difference is statistically significant. Maxillary sinus dimension measurements can assist in gender determination.

Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Yoruba Ethnic Population: A Computed Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Okon Etim Bassey ◽  
Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu ◽  
Chistopher Chukwuemeka Ohagwu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anteroposterior Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Several sellar and parasellar pathologies affect the size and shape of sella turcica. A deviation from normal dimensions of sella turcica could be an indication of a pathological condition of the structure itself or the pituitary gland. Aim: This study was designed to assess the dimensions and morphology of the sella turcica of Yoruba ethnic population using cranial computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 321 cranial CT images of the Yoruba subjects acquired in a tertiary health institution between January 2020 and April 2021. The sella turcica length, depth and anteroposterior diameter were measured using the digital calipers of the CT system while sella morphological shape was determined qualitatively by observing the floor of sella in the midsagittal slice and quantitatively by taking the ratio of superoinferior diameter to the transverse diameter. Result: In general, the mean and standard deviation value of sella turcica length was 12.2±`2.35mm. The mean sella length for males was 12.62`±2.50 and that for females was 11.69 ±`2.04mm. The result showed that males’ sella length differed significantly from that of females (t=3.635, p=0.000). A significant difference was noted between the sella depths of the two genders (p=0.032). The total mean anteroposterior diameter (APD) of sella turcica was 13.4`± 2.47mm. Male and female mean diameters were 13.6`± 2.45mm and 13.3±`2.17mm respectively. No significant difference was noted in sella length and APD across the age categories but sella depth showed a significant difference, which was noted to only exist between early adulthood (≤34 years) and late adulthood (≥65) (p=0.027). No statistically significant association was noted between sella shape and gender (c2=3.124, p=0.210) as well as age (c2=9.336, p=0.156). Conclusion: Only the mean sella length and depth differ significantly between male and female genders. Anteroposterior diameter is the same irrespective of gender. The sella turcica dimensions obtained from this study will serve as reference values for physicians in the assessment of sellar and parasellar pathologies in the study population. Key words: Computed tomography, sella turcica, morphology.

Morphological Measurement and Anatomical Variations of the Clivus Using Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Serindere ◽  
Kaan Gunduz ◽  
Hakan Avsever
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Dens Axis ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Anteroposterior Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the clivus morphology, including fossa navicularis magna (FNM), canalis basilaris medianus (CBM), and craniopharyngeal canal (CC), on computed tomography (CT) images. Design This is a retrospective study. Setting Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. Participants The CT images of 500 patients (253 males; 247 females) were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of FNM, CBM, and CPC; the length, width, and depth of FNM; and CBM types were recorded. Also, a morphological analysis of the clivus (length of the clivus, angle between the clivus and the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, angle between the clivus and the dens axis, and anteroposterior diameter of the foramen magnum) was performed. Results FNM was identified in 5.4%, CBM in 4%, and CC in 0.8% of the study group. Type 5 CBM was not found. Type 6 was the most common CBM type. There was no significant correlation between the age and gender of patients with FNM. There were significant differences between the clivus length, the angle between the clivus and the dens axis, the anteroposterior diameter of the foramen magnum, and gender. Also, there was a significant difference between the angle between the clivus and the foramen magnum and age. Conclusions The anatomical variations of the clivus are rare and important for the oral and maxillofacial radiologist to make the differential diagnosis. These anatomical variations should not be confused with pathologic formations. The morphological measurements and anatomical variations of the clivus can be evaluated in detail on CT images.

scholarly journals Standardised 3D-CT Lung Volumes for Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Tanaka ◽  
Yuzo Suzuki ◽  
Hirotsugu Hasegawa ◽  
Koshi Yokomura ◽  
Atsuki Fukada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Pulmonary Physiology ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Lower Lung

Abstract Background: The assessment of lung physiology via pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is essential for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, PFTs require active participation, which can be challenging for patients with severe respiratory failure, such as during acute exacerbations (AE) of IPF. Recently advances enabled to re-construct of 3-dimensional computed-tomography (3D-CT) images. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-center cohort study. This study established a standardisation method and quantitative analysis of lung volume (LV) based on anthropometry using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images. The standardised 3D-CT LV in patients with IPF at diagnosis (n=140) and during AE (cohort1; n=61 and cohort2; n=50) and those of controls (n=53) were measured. Results: The standardised 3D-CT LVs at IPF diagnosis were less than those of control patients, especially in the lower lung lobes. The standardised 3D-CT LVs were correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and validated using the modified Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) index. The standardised 3D-CT LVs at IPF diagnosis were independently associated with prognosis. During AE, PFTs were difficult to perform, 3D-CT analyses revealed reduced lung capacity in both the upper and lower lobes compared to those obtained at diagnosis. Lower standardised 3D-CT LVs during AE were independently associated with worse outcomes in independent two cohorts. Particularly, volume loss in the upper lobe at AE had prognostic values.Conclusion: A novel image quantification method for assessing pulmonary physiology using standardised 3D-CT-derived LVs was developed. This method successfully predicts mortality in patients with IPF and AE of IPF, and may be a useful alternative to PFTs when PFTs cannot be performed.

scholarly journals Intracranial Brain Volume (ICV) Measurement in Epileptic Male Patient: A 3D CT Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Lubna Shirin ◽  
Nor Farid Mohammed Noor ◽  
Tahamina Begum ◽  
Hadif Zaidin Samsudin ◽  
Rehana Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Test Results ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: Intracranial volume (ICV) is one of the reliable indicators of neurodegenerative disease and premature brain size. Epilepsy is considered a neurological disorder. We aimed to measure ICV in epileptic male samples to identify the relation of ICV and epilepsy control status for their better treatment purpose. Methods: This retrospective study was done using CT images of age-matched control and epileptic male samples. All samples were collected from the archive of the Department of Radiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) from the 2010-2017 period. A total of 34 male samples were used for this study in two groups, control (n=17) and epileptic (n=17) groups. Control males were those who came for the CT scan and no disease was found. And epileptic male patients were those who came for routine checkups due to epilepsy. MITK 3M3 software was used for the ICV measurement. 2D CT images were converted to 3D CT images to measure intracranial brain volume (ICV) in each group. Two reviewers measured ICV and a reliability test was done between reviewers. Results: According to first reviewer, there is no significant (p=0.455) difference between control, (1287.82 (151.79) mm) and epileptic (1283.28 (65.48) mm) male groups. Results of second reviewer also showed no significant difference (p=0.400) between control (1299.58(144.81)) mm and epileptic (1283.88 (76.08)) groups. Average measurements also did not reveal any significant difference between groups, control is 1293.7 (144.81) mm and the epilepsy group is 1283.58 (69.90) mm (p=0.114). Reliability test results revealed an acceptable internal consistency level in control (97%, p<0.001) and epileptic (77%, p=0.003) groups. Conclusion: We concluded that epilepsy does not affect ICV in the male population. Further study is recommended to seek other indicators which might be affected by epilepsy in the male population. J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 95-99

scholarly journals Unusual apical femoral head deformity treated by hip arthroscopy and tunnel drilling through femoral head: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i25-i33
Author(s):  
Boris Morattel ◽  
Nicolas Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Ligamentum Teres ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfall ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
Femoral Side

Abstract Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), is the result of an abnormal morphology of the hip joint. On the femoral side, asphericity of the head can be highlighted by an alpha angle measurement &gt;50° on computed tomography or MRI. However, some particular cephalic asphericities can make it difficult to measure the alpha angle, leading to a diagnostic pitfall. While in the classic cam effect, the deformity is peripheral and can be treated by arthroscopic femoroplasty, an apical head deformity remains a therapeutic challenge. We present the case of a 17-year-old male patient with a femoral head deformity, corresponding to an ISHA zone 6 overhang, significantly improved in everyday and sports life by arthroscopic trapdoor technique to resect the focal central deformity while enabling concomitant treatment of central compartment pathology, in this case, a hypertrophic ligamentum teres and femoral head chondral flap. Etiology of this femoral head deformity remains uncertain but could be a particular cam deformity, sequelae to pediatric disease or instability with repeated traction of the ligament teres on the femoral head apical insertion during cephalic growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document