Hemoglobin Solutions in Experimental Cardioplegia

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.I. Přistoupil ◽  
M. Vrána ◽  
J. Havlíčková ◽  
M. Kramlová
Keyword(s):  
Heart Arrest ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Cardioplegic Solution ◽  
Free Hemoglobin ◽  
Hemoglobin Solution ◽  
Biochemical Model ◽  
Positive Effect

The addition of stroma-free hemoglobin solution to a standard St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution significantly protected the heart from ischemic damage compared to the effect of the same solution without added hemoglobin. An experimental model of rat heart cardioplegia and transplantation comprising heart arrest for three hours at 20°C was used. The number of hearts performing strong contractions after cardioplegia with iso-oncotic oxyhemoglobin prior to transplantation was close to the results with histidine-buffered cardioplegic solution according to Bretschneider. Comparative biochemical model experiments in vitro confirmed that the positive effect of oxyhemoglobin was due predominantly to its buffering capacity. The role of oxygen transport to tissues by hemoglobin was limited only to the first minutes of cardioplegia since neither recirculation nor reoxygenation took place in the present experimental setting.

Procalcific effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in chronic kidney disease (CKD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ferri ◽  
M.G.P Lupo ◽  
M.R Rattazzi
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Calcium Crystals ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Aim PCSK9 has been recently associated with a higher rate of calcification in hypercholesterolemic, diabetes and CKD patients. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the role of PCSK9 in VC process, under uremic condition, both on in vivo and in vitro experimental settings. Methods Sprauge Dawley rats were fed a standard diet (SD, n=11) or uremic diet (UD, n=11) for 6 weeks. Calcium crystals in aortas were visualized by von Kossa staining and quantified by a colorimetric assay and plasma total cholesterol determined. Control and PCSK9-overexpressing smooth muscle cells (SMCsPCSK9) were cultured with 2.5% FCS ± Pi for 7 days. Hydroxyapatite deposition by SMCs was measured by a colorimetric assay. The number and the content of pro-calcific extracellular vesicles (EVs) budding from the cells were determined. Results The hyperphosphatemia secondary to CKD lead to rat aortic calcification (+7.3-fold) and a significant increase in TC and PCSK9 levels (+1.4 and +2.7-fold, respectively). Higher expression of PCSK9 was also observed in kidney (+4.8-fold) and liver (+1.5-fold). SMCsPCSK9 showed higher extracellular calcium deposition (+1.4-fold) in response to Pi and increase EVs production (+7-fold). The incubation of control cells with recombinant PCSK9 did not induce extracellular calcium deposition. Conclusions Our study suggest a positive effect of intracellular PCSK9 on vascular calcification in CKD condition. Pro-calcific budding of EVs seems one of the possible mediators of this process. PCSK9 and calcification Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals The role of exogenous glycinebetaine on some antioxidant activity of non-T and T tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under in vitro salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marzeih VAHID DASTJERDI ◽  
Ali Akbar EHSANPOUR ◽  
Amir Hossein FORGHANI
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Positive Effect

<p class="042abstractstekst">Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant compound which enhances cell tolerance in plant species in response to environmental stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous application of glycine betaine on some antioxidant activities of tobacco plants overexpressing <em>P5CS</em> gene. Sterile tobacco seedlings with four to six leaves were transferred to MS medium containing 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, after which glycine betaine (20 and 40 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) were foliar sprayed on the surface of the plants. After four weeks, glycine betaine treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the plant through activation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In contrast, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content and MDA level were reduced by glycine betaine under similar conditions. Therefore, application of exogenous glycine betaine under salt stress improved stress tolerance in T and non-T plants. Meanwhile, our results indicated the positive effect of glycine betaine in T plants was greater than in non-T plants. On the other hand, this result suggested that the synergistic effects of glycine betaine and proline in plants enhanced the antioxidant defense system in T plants overexpressing <em>P5CS</em> gene.</p>

scholarly journals Does Dihydromyricetin Impact on Alcohol Metabolism

2020 ◽  
pp. S573-S581
Author(s):  
A SKOTNICOVÁ ◽  
G BOUBÍNOVÁ ◽  
Z BOŠTÍKOVÁ ◽  
Š DUŠKOVÁ ◽  
M ŠULC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Positive Effect

Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural flavonoid showing several health promoting effects such as protective activity during severe alcohol intoxication. The mechanism underlying the effects of DHM on alcohol metabolism is virtually unknown. The present paper is focused on clarifying the role of DHM in the liver alcohol elimination at its molecular level. First, impact of DHM on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in vitro and the enzyme induction in vivo was examined. Neither the ADH activity nor the enzyme expression were influenced by DHM. Next, the effect of DHM during alcohol intoxication were studied on primary hepatocytes isolated from EtOH-premedicated and untreated rats. The viability of cells exposed to alcohol, estimated based on the released enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was slightly affected by DHM. Although the expected hepatoprotective effect of DHM was not fully achieved, DHM (in a concentration manner) proved to reduce the level of ROS/RNS in hepatocytes. However, no change in the rate of alcohol metabolism in vivo was found when rats were administered with a single or repeated dose of ethanol supplemented with DHM. In conclusion, the proposed positive effect of DHM during alcohol intoxication has not been proven. Moreover, there is no effect of DHM on the alcohol metabolism. The “hoped-for” DHM hepatoprotective activity can be attributed to the reduction of ROS/RNS levels in cells.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lee ◽  
TG Ahn ◽  
CW Kim ◽  
HJ An
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects
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