The role of exogenous glycinebetaine on some antioxidant activity of non-T and T tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under in vitro salt stress

Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant compound which enhances cell tolerance in plant species in response to environmental stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous application of glycine betaine on some antioxidant activities of tobacco plants overexpressing P5CS gene. Sterile tobacco seedlings with four to six leaves were transferred to MS medium containing 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, after which glycine betaine (20 and 40 mg l-1) were foliar sprayed on the surface of the plants. After four weeks, glycine betaine treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the plant through activation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In contrast, H2O2 content and MDA level were reduced by glycine betaine under similar conditions. Therefore, application of exogenous glycine betaine under salt stress improved stress tolerance in T and non-T plants. Meanwhile, our results indicated the positive effect of glycine betaine in T plants was greater than in non-T plants. On the other hand, this result suggested that the synergistic effects of glycine betaine and proline in plants enhanced the antioxidant defense system in T plants overexpressing P5CS gene.

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Exogenous Melatonin Improves Salt Tolerance by Mitigating Osmotic, Ion, and Oxidative Stresses in Maize Seedlings

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10050663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 663 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jianhong Ren ◽

Jun Ye ◽

Lina Yin ◽

Gouxia Li ◽

Xiping Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

Exogenous Melatonin ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Oxidative Stresses

Melatonin has been confirmed extensively for the positive effects on increasing plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in mediating different stresses still need to be explored in different plants species and growth periods. To investigate the role of melatonin in mitigating salt stress, maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings growing in hydroponic solution were treated with 100 mM NaCl combined with or without 1 μM melatonin. Melatonin application had no effects on maize growth under normal condition, while it moderately alleviated the NaCl-induced inhibition of plant growth. The leaf area, biomass, and photosynthesis of melatonin-treated plants were higher than that of without melatonin under NaCl treatment. The osmotic potential was lower, and the osmolyte contents (including sucrose and fructose) were higher in melatonin-treated plants. Meanwhile, the decreases in Na+ content and increases in K+/Na+ ratio were found in shoots of melatonin-applied plant under salt stress. Moreover, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities were significantly increased in leaves with melatonin application under salt treatment. These results clearly indicate that the exogenous melatonin-enhanced salt tolerance under short-term treatment could be ascribed to three aspects, including osmotic adjustment, ion balance, and alleviation of salt-induced oxidative stress.

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Induction of Osmoregulation and Modulation of Salt Stress inAcacia gerrardiiBenth. by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi andBacillus subtilis(BERA 71)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/6294098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Abeer Hashem ◽

E. F. Abd_Allah ◽

A. A. Alqarawi ◽

A. A. Al-Huqail ◽

M. A. Shah

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Acacia Gerrardii

The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium,Bacillus subtilis(BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum;Rhizophagus intraradices; andFunneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardiiBenth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction betweenB.subtilisand AMFvis-a-visimprovement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).

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Nutraceutical Activity in Osteoarthritis Biology: A Focus on the Nutrigenomic Role

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9051232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1232

Author(s):

Stefania D’Adamo ◽

Silvia Cetrullo ◽

Veronica Panichi ◽

Erminia Mariani ◽

Flavio Flamigni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

National Health System ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Joint Disease ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Wide Range

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease associated to age or conditions that precipitate aging of articular cartilage, a post-mitotic tissue that remains functional until the failure of major homeostatic mechanisms. OA severely impacts the national health system costs and patients’ quality of life because of pain and disability. It is a whole-joint disease sustained by inflammatory and oxidative signaling pathways and marked epigenetic changes responsible for catabolism of the cartilage extracellular matrix. OA usually progresses until its severity requires joint arthroplasty. To delay this progression and to improve symptoms, a wide range of naturally derived compounds have been proposed and are summarized in this review. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have provided proof of principle that many of these nutraceuticals are able to exert pleiotropic and synergistic effects and effectively counteract OA pathogenesis by exerting both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and by tuning major OA-related signaling pathways. The latter are the basis for the nutrigenomic role played by some of these compounds, given the marked changes in the transcriptome, miRNome, and methylome. Ongoing and future clinical trials will hopefully confirm the disease-modifying ability of these bioactive molecules in OA patients.

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The protective role of glycine betaine in Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III against salt stress

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 208-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shanshan Zhao ◽

Qiuxiang Zhang ◽

Guangfei Hao ◽

Xiaoming Liu ◽

Jianxin Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Protective Role

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Synergistic effects of mixing cocksfoot and sainfoin on in vitro rumen fermentation. Role of condensed tannins

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.09.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 178 (1-2) ◽

pp. 48-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Vincent Niderkorn ◽

Irene Mueller-Harvey ◽

Aline Le Morvan ◽

Jocelyne Aufrère

Keyword(s):

Condensed Tannins ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

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Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Bay, Pandan, Citrus Leaves and Their Combination in Vitro

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1707 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 833-841

Author(s):

Samsu U. Nurdin ◽

Devi Sabarina ◽

Subeki Subeki ◽

Sussi Astuti

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Enzyme Inhibition ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Citrus Leaves

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of bay (B), pandan (P), citrus leaves (C) and their combinations against starch hydrolysis enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes) and antioxidant activity and to examine the role of polyphenol compounds in enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity. Three single leaves extracts and five of their combinations were applied to inhibit α-glucosidase hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranosyde or α-amylase hydrolyzing starch solution as well as to scavenge free radicals. The leaf extracts and their combination showed inhibition activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes with range of inhibition activities were between 17.63% to 26.04% and 20.14% to 35.30% respectively. There is no significantly differ among the extracts in modulation of α-glucosidase activity, but each extract exhibited different effect on α-amylase or antioxidant activities. Mixing P with B and C increases the inhibitory activity of the extract against α-amylase as seen that percent of inhibition of BPC is significantly higher than P, eventhough their total phenolic content was not different. The synergism or antagonism effect was not observed when the extracts were combined as the enzyme inhibition or antioxidant activities are not depend on the proportion of the extract in the mixtures. The role of polyphenol compounds on inhibition of the starch digestion enzymes and on antioxidant activity was not observed. Further study is required to fully elucidate the effect of the leaf or their combinations on diabetic animal models or diabetic patients.

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Neuroprotective Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Ribes diacanthum Pall against Oxidative Stress in Glutamate-Stimulated HT-22 Cells and a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Animal Model

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9090895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 895

Author(s):

Hyun Jeong Kim ◽

Seung Yeon Baek ◽

Dai-Eun Sok ◽

Kun Jong Lee ◽

Young-Jun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Neuronal Cells ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Functional Health ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Neuroprotective Actions

Ribes diacanthum Pall, a native Mongolian medicinal plant, has been reported to show antioxidant activities due to its polyphenol and flavonoid content, and is especially rich in the ethyl acetate fraction from an 80% methanol extraction (RDP). We assessed the cytoprotective effect of RDP on glutamate-caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22 cells). Cell viability was significantly recovered by RDP treatment. Also, RDP effectively decreased the glutamate-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In flow cytometric analysis, apoptotic cells and the mitochondrial membrane potential were suppressed by RDP. In the Western blotting analysis, we found that RDP not only decreased the release of apoptotic proteins but also recovered anti-apoptotic protein. Additionally, RDP enhanced the antioxidant defense system by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, treatment with RDP activated the BDNF/TrkB pathway. In accordance with the in vitro results, RDP meliorated memory deficit by defending hippocampal neuronal cells against oxidative damage in scopolamine-injected mice. Taken together, our present study showed that RDP exerted antioxidant and neuroprotective actions against oxidative stress. Therefore, RDP might facilitate the development of candidates for functional health foods for neurodegenerative disorders.

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Hemoglobin Solutions in Experimental Cardioplegia

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139888901201013 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 668-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T.I. Přistoupil ◽

M. Vrána ◽

J. Havlíčková ◽

M. Kramlová

Keyword(s):

Heart Arrest ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Experimental Setting ◽

Cardioplegic Solution ◽

Free Hemoglobin ◽

Hemoglobin Solution ◽

Biochemical Model ◽

Positive Effect

The addition of stroma-free hemoglobin solution to a standard St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegic solution significantly protected the heart from ischemic damage compared to the effect of the same solution without added hemoglobin. An experimental model of rat heart cardioplegia and transplantation comprising heart arrest for three hours at 20°C was used. The number of hearts performing strong contractions after cardioplegia with iso-oncotic oxyhemoglobin prior to transplantation was close to the results with histidine-buffered cardioplegic solution according to Bretschneider. Comparative biochemical model experiments in vitro confirmed that the positive effect of oxyhemoglobin was due predominantly to its buffering capacity. The role of oxygen transport to tissues by hemoglobin was limited only to the first minutes of cardioplegia since neither recirculation nor reoxygenation took place in the present experimental setting.

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EXTH-21. MECHANISMS OF SYNERGISTIC GROWTH SUPPRESSION BY RADIOTHERAPY AND C-MET INHIBITION IN EXPERIMENTAL GLIOBLASTOMA

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab196.660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi167-vi168

Author(s):

Manuela Silginer ◽

Eleanna Papa ◽

Emese Szabo ◽

Flavio Vasella ◽

Patrick Roth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Glioma Cells ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

Glioma Growth ◽

Pathway Inhibition ◽

Murine Glioma

Abstract Glioblastoma remains to be one of the most lethal solid cancers and novel therapies are urgently needed. There is increasing interest in the role of the HGF/MET pathway in the response of glioblastoma to radiotherapy. c-MET-mediated radioresistance may be partially induced via proinvasive and DNA damageresponse pathways and HGF may be involved in the regulation of immune responses. Here, we explored the role of the c-MET pathway in response to radiotherapy and investigated potential modes of action that mediate synergistic effects of MET pathway inhibition and irradiation in syngeneic murine glioma models in vitro and in vivo. Murine glioma cells express HGF and c-MET and respond with c-MET phosphorylation upon exposure to exogenous HGF. In vitro, glioma cell viability and proliferation are not affected by pharmacological or genetic c-MET pathway interference, and the c-MET inhibitor tepotinib fails to sensitize glioma cells to irradiation. Conversely, in vivo c-MET inhibition combined with focal radiotherapy synergistically prolongs survival in two syngeneic orthotopic glioma models compared with either treatment alone. Complementary studies demonstrated that synergy was lost when gliomas were established and treated in immunodeficient mice, and importantly, also when c-MET gene expression was disrupted in the tumor. Thus, synergistic suppression of experimental syngeneic glioma growth by irradiation and c-MET inhibition requires at least two mechanisms, expression of c-MET in the tumor and a functional immune system. In summary, our data suggest clinical evaluation of c-MET pathway inhibition in combination with radiotherapy in human glioblastoma.

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