In Vitro Methods to Evaluate Metal-Cell Interactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciapetti ◽  
P. Roda ◽  
L. Landi ◽  
A. Facchini ◽  
A. Pizzoferrato
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Nk Cytotoxicity

The aim of this study was to test different metals, widely employed in constructing prosthetic devices, by in vitro methods. Biological effects of such materials were analysed through four different assays on human lymphocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocyte proliferation assay gave quantitative results, while the viability test showed the morphological appearance of the cells correlated well with previous results. NK cytotoxicity and granulocyte chemokinesis tests provided interesting data on leucocyte performance when challenged with metals. Therefore the present study adds new basic information on cell behaviour when metal products are present in the body, e.g. around devices implanted in human tissues

Studies of Metabolism Mediated Mutagenicity In Vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Dag Jenssen ◽  
Lennart Romert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Organ Perfusion ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
In Vitro Methods

To understand the cause of the biological effects of xenobiotic metabolism in mammals, investigators have traditionally performed animal experiments by comparing the results of biochemical methods, such as measurement of enzyme activity analysis of the metabolites produced, with the observed toxicological effect. This article deals with in vitro methods for genotoxicity combined with drug metabolising preparations at the organelle, cell or organ levels, as exemplified by microsome preparations, isolated cells/cell lines and organ perfusion systems, respectively. The advantage of some of these methods for studying metabolism-mediated mutagenicity is that the measured endpoint reflects not only the bioactivating phase I reactions, but also the detoxifying phase II reactions, and the transfer of the non-conjugated reactive metabolites to other cells and their ability to cause mutations in these cells. In vivo, all these events are important factors in the initiation of cancer. A mechanistic advantage of the methods for metabolism-mediated mutagenicity in vitro is that the relevance of the different steps in metabolism for the mutational events can seldom be investigated in an in vivo assay. Furthermore, human studies can easily be performed using the co-culture technique with isolated human cells or cell lines.

A preprogalanin cDNA from the turtle pituitary and regulation of its gene expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. R1649-R1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yuh-Lin Yu ◽  
Chin-Hon Pon ◽  
Hui-Chen Ku ◽  
Chih-Ting Wang ◽  
Yung-Hsi Kao
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame

Galanin is a hormone 29 or 30 amino acids (aa) long that is widely distributed within the body and exerts numerous biological effects in vertebrates. To fully understand its physiological roles in reptiles, we analyzed preprogalanin cDNA structure and expression in the turtle pituitary. Using the Chinese soft-shell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis order Testudines), we obtained a 672-base pair (bp) cDNA containing a 99-bp 5′-untranslated region, a 324-bp preprogalanin coding region, and a 249-bp 3′-untranslated region. The open-reading frame encoded a 108-aa preprogalanin protein with a putative 23-aa signal sequence at the NH2 terminus. Based on the location of putative Lys-Arg dibasic cleavage sites and an amidation signal of Gly-Lys-Arg, we propose that turtle preprogalanin is processed to yield a 29-aa galanin peptide with Gly1 and Thr29 substitutions and a COOH-terminal amidation. Sequence comparison revealed that turtle preprogalanin and galanin-29 had 48–81% and 76–96% aa identities with those of other vertebrates, respectively, suggesting their conservative nature. Expression of the turtle galanin gene was detected in the pituitary, brain, hypothalamus, stomach, liver, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and intestines, but not in the adipose or muscle tissues, suggesting tissue-dependent differences. An in vitro study that used pituitary tissue culture indicated that treatment with 17β-estradiol, testosterone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone resulted in increased galanin mRNA expression with dose- or time-dependent differences, whereas leptin and neuropeptide Y reduced galanin mRNA levels. These results suggest a hormone-dependent effect on hypophyseal galanin mRNA expression.

scholarly journals The effect of different acute concentrations of cadmium chloride on the frequency of micronuclei in AO rats

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Popovic-Bubujuk ◽  
Nenad Bojat ◽  
Ninoslav Djelic ◽  
Sladjana Dronjak ◽  
Ljiljana Kostadinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic heavy metal which may cause severe biological effects in vivo and in vitro. In this study, an evaluation of the acute Cd ability to trigger micronuclei (MNi) formation was carried out on 3-monthold male and female Albino Oxford (AO) rats using micronucleus (MN) test. Experimental animals were treated intraperitoneally with three different concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2): 0.5, 1, and 2 mg CdCl2 per kg of body weight. Control animals received equal volume of sterile phosphate buffered saline. The results showed that 2 mg CdCl2 per kg b.w. concentration caused a highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) increase in MNi formation in the bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), exerting a clear-cut concentration-dependent effect. Lower concentrations of CdCl2 used (0.5 and 1 mg/kg b.w.) also caused MNi formation, but with lower statistical significance. Sex differences in MNi production in bone marrow PCEs after acute exposure to different experimental concentrations of CdCl2 were not observed in our study. Our results indicate the ability of CdCl2 to exerts genotoxic effects in bone marrow of AO rats, and complement previous data on the genotoxicity of this important environmental contaminant, burdening the body from different sources - major being industrial exposure, food and cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Bioactive Synthetic Peptides for Oral Tissues Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Bermúdez ◽  
Lía Hoz ◽  
Gonzalo Montoya ◽  
Mikado Nidome ◽  
Adriana Pérez-Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Major Health Problem

Regenerative therapy in oral tissues has gained relevance since tissue loss due to congenital or acquired diseases as well as trauma is a major health problem worldwide. Regeneration depends on the natural capacity of the body and the use of biomaterials and bioactive molecules that can module the processes to replace lost or damaged tissues and restore function. The combined use of scaffolds, cells, and bioactive molecules such as peptides is considered the best approach to achieve tissue regeneration. These peptides can induce diverse cellular processes as they can influence cell behavior and also can modify scaffold properties, giving as a result the enhancement of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and biomineralization that are required given the complex nature of oral tissues. Specifically, synthetic peptides (SP) have a positive influence on scaffold biocompatibility since in many cases they can mimic the function of a natural peptide or a full-length protein. Besides, they are bioactive molecules easy to produce, process, and modify, and they can be prepared under well-defined and controlled conditions. This review aims to compile the most relevant information regarding advances in SP for dental and periodontal tissue regeneration, their biological effects, and their clinical implications. Even though most of the SP are still under investigation, some of them have been studied in vitro and in vivo with promising results that may lead to preclinical studies. Besides there are SP that have shown their efficacy in clinical trials such as P11-4 for enamel regeneration or caries prevention and ABM/P-15 for cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone on a previously calculus- and biofilm-contaminated zone. Also, some SP are commercially available such as PTH1-34 and PepGen P-15 which are used for bone defects treatment.

scholarly journals Nanomaterial-mediated autophagy: coexisting hazard and health benefits in biomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Feng ◽  
Yaqing Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xuan Lai ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Biosafety Evaluation

Abstract Background Widespread biomedical applications of nanomaterials (NMs) bring about increased human exposure risk due to their unique physicochemical properties. Autophagy, which is of great importance for regulating the physiological or pathological activities of the body, has been reported to play a key role in NM-driven biological effects both in vivo and in vitro. The coexisting hazard and health benefits of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine are nonnegligible and require our particular concerns. Main body We collected research on the toxic effects related to NM-mediated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Generally, NMs can be delivered into animal models through different administration routes, or internalized by cells through different uptake pathways, exerting varying degrees of damage in tissues, organs, cells, and organelles, eventually being deposited in or excreted from the body. In addition, other biological effects of NMs, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been associated with autophagy and cooperate to regulate body activities. We therefore highlight that NM-mediated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword, which could be utilized in the treatment of certain diseases related to autophagy dysfunction, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Challenges and suggestions for further investigations of NM-mediated autophagy are proposed with the purpose to improve their biosafety evaluation and facilitate their wide application. Databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were utilized to search for relevant literature, which included all published, Epub ahead of print, in-process, and non-indexed citations. Conclusion In this review, we focus on the dual effect of NM-mediated autophagy in the biomedical field. It has become a trend to use the benefits of NM-mediated autophagy to treat clinical diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine is also helpful for reducing the toxic effects of NMs as much as possible.

Biological Effects and Irradiation Dose Induced in Human Lymphocytes in Vitro by an Intracellular Radionuclide: 99m Tc

1983 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Meignan ◽  
Bernard Charpentier ◽  
Evelyne Wirquin ◽  
Jean Chavaudra ◽  
Daniel Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Lymphocytes

scholarly journals In vitro Methods to Study Antioxidant and Some Biological Activities of Essential Oils: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3332-3347
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
The One

As essential oils (EOs) represent a new source of efficient and safe agents for health nowadays, the present review brings together the in vitro methods widely used to evaluate the antioxidant and some biological activities especially, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of EOs, in order to valorize these EOs and to highlight their potential benefits. Moreover, each method cited is along with its aim, principle, advantages and limitations, experimental protocols, and notes. Hence, this review will help researchers working on EOs, to save time while accessing this summary document on the one hand, and on the other hand, it will contribute to scientific approval of in vitro antioxidant and biological effects of EOs for future useful purposes.

Evaluation of the Reactivity of Human Lymphocytes to Retinal Antigen Using Different In Vitro Methods in Patients with Posterior or Total Uveitis

Uveitis ◽  
1981 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
E. Bloch-Michel ◽  
J. Belehradek ◽  
J. K. Youn ◽  
Y. Kozak ◽  
Hoang Phuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Retinal Antigen

scholarly journals Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of a novel polyphenol fatty acid ester phloridzin docosahexaenoate in Balb/c female mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasundara Fernando ◽  
Kerry B. Goralski ◽  
David W. Hoskin ◽  
H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Ester ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Organ Systems

AbstractFlavonoids are known to undergo phase II metabolism and produce metabolites with similar or stronger biological effects compared to the parent flavonoids. However, the limited cellular uptake and bioavailability restrict their clinical use. We synthesized phloridzin docosahexaenoate (PZ-DHA), a novel fatty acid ester of polyphenol, through an acylation reaction with the aim of increasing the cellular availability and stability of the parent biomolecules, phloridzin (PZ) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we report metabolites and pharmacokinetic parameters of PZ-DHA, determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. PZ-DHA was taken-up by human (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7) and mouse (4T1) mammary carcinoma and human non-malignant mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) in cellular uptake assays. Our results suggested that the acylation improves the cellular uptake of PZ and stability of DHA within cells. In mouse hepatic microsomal assays, two major glucuronides of PZ-DHA, PZ-DHA-4-O-glucuronide and PZ-DHA-4′-O-glucuronide (MW = 923.02 g/mol), were detected. One tri-methylated- (4,4′,6′-O-trimethyl-PZ-DHA) (MW = 788.88 g/mol) and one di-sulphated- (PZ-DHA-4,4′-O-disulphide) PZ-DHA metabolite (MW = 906.20 g/mol) were also identified. Intraperitoneal injections of PZ-DHA (100 mg/kg) into Balb/c female mice was rapidly absorbed with a serum Cmax and Tmax of 23.7 µM and 60 min, respectively, and rapidly eliminated (t1/2 = 28.7 min). PZ-DHA and its metabolites are readily distributed throughout the body (Vd = 57 mL) into many organs. We identified in vitro and in vivo metabolites of PZ-DHA, which could be tested for potential use to treat diseases such as cancer in multiple organ systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document