scholarly journals Bioactive Synthetic Peptides for Oral Tissues Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Bermúdez ◽  
Lía Hoz ◽  
Gonzalo Montoya ◽  
Mikado Nidome ◽  
Adriana Pérez-Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Major Health Problem

Regenerative therapy in oral tissues has gained relevance since tissue loss due to congenital or acquired diseases as well as trauma is a major health problem worldwide. Regeneration depends on the natural capacity of the body and the use of biomaterials and bioactive molecules that can module the processes to replace lost or damaged tissues and restore function. The combined use of scaffolds, cells, and bioactive molecules such as peptides is considered the best approach to achieve tissue regeneration. These peptides can induce diverse cellular processes as they can influence cell behavior and also can modify scaffold properties, giving as a result the enhancement of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and biomineralization that are required given the complex nature of oral tissues. Specifically, synthetic peptides (SP) have a positive influence on scaffold biocompatibility since in many cases they can mimic the function of a natural peptide or a full-length protein. Besides, they are bioactive molecules easy to produce, process, and modify, and they can be prepared under well-defined and controlled conditions. This review aims to compile the most relevant information regarding advances in SP for dental and periodontal tissue regeneration, their biological effects, and their clinical implications. Even though most of the SP are still under investigation, some of them have been studied in vitro and in vivo with promising results that may lead to preclinical studies. Besides there are SP that have shown their efficacy in clinical trials such as P11-4 for enamel regeneration or caries prevention and ABM/P-15 for cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone on a previously calculus- and biofilm-contaminated zone. Also, some SP are commercially available such as PTH1-34 and PepGen P-15 which are used for bone defects treatment.

scholarly journals Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Complexes of Osteoinductive Agents for Dental Tissue Regeneration

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Masahiko Terauchi ◽  
Atsushi Tamura ◽  
Yoshinori Arisaka ◽  
Hiroki Masuda ◽  
Tetsuya Yoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inclusion Complexation ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs

Oral tissue regeneration has received growing attention for improving the quality of life of patients. Regeneration of oral tissues such as alveolar bone and widely defected bone has been extensively investigated, including regenerative treatment of oral tissues using therapeutic cells and growth factors. Additionally, small-molecule drugs that promote bone formation have been identified and tested as new regenerative treatment. However, treatments need to progress to realize successful regeneration of oral functions. In this review, we describe recent progress in development of regenerative treatment of oral tissues. In particular, we focus on cyclodextrin (CD)-based pharmaceutics and polyelectrolyte complexation of growth factors to enhance their solubility, stability, and bioactivity. CDs can encapsulate hydrophobic small-molecule drugs into their cavities, resulting in inclusion complexes. The inclusion complexation of osteoinductive small-molecule drugs improves solubility of the drugs in aqueous solutions and increases in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency. Additionally, various anionic polymers such as heparin and its mimetic polymers have been developed to improve stability and bioactivity of growth factors. These polymers protect growth factors from deactivation and degradation by complex formation through electrostatic interaction, leading to potentiation of bone formation ability. These approaches using an inclusion complex and polyelectrolyte complexes have great potential in the regeneration of oral tissues.

In Vitro Methods to Evaluate Metal-Cell Interactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciapetti ◽  
P. Roda ◽  
L. Landi ◽  
A. Facchini ◽  
A. Pizzoferrato
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Nk Cytotoxicity

The aim of this study was to test different metals, widely employed in constructing prosthetic devices, by in vitro methods. Biological effects of such materials were analysed through four different assays on human lymphocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocyte proliferation assay gave quantitative results, while the viability test showed the morphological appearance of the cells correlated well with previous results. NK cytotoxicity and granulocyte chemokinesis tests provided interesting data on leucocyte performance when challenged with metals. Therefore the present study adds new basic information on cell behaviour when metal products are present in the body, e.g. around devices implanted in human tissues

A preprogalanin cDNA from the turtle pituitary and regulation of its gene expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. R1649-R1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yuh-Lin Yu ◽  
Chin-Hon Pon ◽  
Hui-Chen Ku ◽  
Chih-Ting Wang ◽  
Yung-Hsi Kao
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame

Galanin is a hormone 29 or 30 amino acids (aa) long that is widely distributed within the body and exerts numerous biological effects in vertebrates. To fully understand its physiological roles in reptiles, we analyzed preprogalanin cDNA structure and expression in the turtle pituitary. Using the Chinese soft-shell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis order Testudines), we obtained a 672-base pair (bp) cDNA containing a 99-bp 5′-untranslated region, a 324-bp preprogalanin coding region, and a 249-bp 3′-untranslated region. The open-reading frame encoded a 108-aa preprogalanin protein with a putative 23-aa signal sequence at the NH2 terminus. Based on the location of putative Lys-Arg dibasic cleavage sites and an amidation signal of Gly-Lys-Arg, we propose that turtle preprogalanin is processed to yield a 29-aa galanin peptide with Gly1 and Thr29 substitutions and a COOH-terminal amidation. Sequence comparison revealed that turtle preprogalanin and galanin-29 had 48–81% and 76–96% aa identities with those of other vertebrates, respectively, suggesting their conservative nature. Expression of the turtle galanin gene was detected in the pituitary, brain, hypothalamus, stomach, liver, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and intestines, but not in the adipose or muscle tissues, suggesting tissue-dependent differences. An in vitro study that used pituitary tissue culture indicated that treatment with 17β-estradiol, testosterone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone resulted in increased galanin mRNA expression with dose- or time-dependent differences, whereas leptin and neuropeptide Y reduced galanin mRNA levels. These results suggest a hormone-dependent effect on hypophyseal galanin mRNA expression.

scholarly journals The effect of different acute concentrations of cadmium chloride on the frequency of micronuclei in AO rats

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Popovic-Bubujuk ◽  
Nenad Bojat ◽  
Ninoslav Djelic ◽  
Sladjana Dronjak ◽  
Ljiljana Kostadinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic heavy metal which may cause severe biological effects in vivo and in vitro. In this study, an evaluation of the acute Cd ability to trigger micronuclei (MNi) formation was carried out on 3-monthold male and female Albino Oxford (AO) rats using micronucleus (MN) test. Experimental animals were treated intraperitoneally with three different concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2): 0.5, 1, and 2 mg CdCl2 per kg of body weight. Control animals received equal volume of sterile phosphate buffered saline. The results showed that 2 mg CdCl2 per kg b.w. concentration caused a highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) increase in MNi formation in the bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), exerting a clear-cut concentration-dependent effect. Lower concentrations of CdCl2 used (0.5 and 1 mg/kg b.w.) also caused MNi formation, but with lower statistical significance. Sex differences in MNi production in bone marrow PCEs after acute exposure to different experimental concentrations of CdCl2 were not observed in our study. Our results indicate the ability of CdCl2 to exerts genotoxic effects in bone marrow of AO rats, and complement previous data on the genotoxicity of this important environmental contaminant, burdening the body from different sources - major being industrial exposure, food and cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Inflamm-Aging-Related Cytokines of IL-17 and IFN-γ Accelerate Osteoclastogenesis and Periodontal Destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jingyi Tan ◽  
Anna Dai ◽  
Lai Pan ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Zhongxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Periodontal Destruction ◽  
Ifn Γ

Periodontal disease (PD), as an age-related disease, prevalent in middle-aged and elderly population, is characterized as inflammatory periodontal tissue loss, including gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. However, the definite mechanism of aging-related inflammation in PD pathology needs further investigation. Our study is aimed at exploring the effect of inflamm-aging-related cytokines of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and periodontal destruction in vivo. For receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand- (RANKL-) primed bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), IL-17 and IFN-γ enhanced osteoclastogenesis, with the expression of osteoclastogenic mRNA (TRAP, c-Fos, MMP-9, Ctsk, and NFATc1) and protein (c-Fos and MMP-9) upregulated. Ligament-induced rat models were established to investigate the role of IL-17 and IFN-γ on experimental periodontitis. Both IL-17 and IFN-γ could enhance the local inflammation in gingival tissues. Although there might be an antagonistic interaction between IL-17 and IFN-γ, IL-17 and IFN-γ could facilitate alveolar bone loss and osteoclast differentiation.

scholarly journals Nanomaterial-mediated autophagy: coexisting hazard and health benefits in biomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Feng ◽  
Yaqing Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xuan Lai ◽  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Biosafety Evaluation

Abstract Background Widespread biomedical applications of nanomaterials (NMs) bring about increased human exposure risk due to their unique physicochemical properties. Autophagy, which is of great importance for regulating the physiological or pathological activities of the body, has been reported to play a key role in NM-driven biological effects both in vivo and in vitro. The coexisting hazard and health benefits of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine are nonnegligible and require our particular concerns. Main body We collected research on the toxic effects related to NM-mediated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Generally, NMs can be delivered into animal models through different administration routes, or internalized by cells through different uptake pathways, exerting varying degrees of damage in tissues, organs, cells, and organelles, eventually being deposited in or excreted from the body. In addition, other biological effects of NMs, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been associated with autophagy and cooperate to regulate body activities. We therefore highlight that NM-mediated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword, which could be utilized in the treatment of certain diseases related to autophagy dysfunction, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Challenges and suggestions for further investigations of NM-mediated autophagy are proposed with the purpose to improve their biosafety evaluation and facilitate their wide application. Databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were utilized to search for relevant literature, which included all published, Epub ahead of print, in-process, and non-indexed citations. Conclusion In this review, we focus on the dual effect of NM-mediated autophagy in the biomedical field. It has become a trend to use the benefits of NM-mediated autophagy to treat clinical diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine is also helpful for reducing the toxic effects of NMs as much as possible.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10952
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz ◽  
Patrick Fickers ◽  
Imen Ben Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Impact

Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs’ biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles’ intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.

scholarly journals Dentinogenic effects of extracted dentin matrix components digested with matrix metalloproteinases

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Okamoto ◽  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Shungo Komichi ◽  
Paul R. Cooper ◽  
Mikako Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Dentin Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components

Abstract Dentin is primarily composed of hydroxyapatite crystals within a rich organic matrix. The organic matrix comprises collagenous structural components, within which a variety of bioactive molecules are sequestered. During caries progression, dentin is degraded by acids and enzymes derived from various sources, which can release bioactive molecules with potential reparative activity towards the dentin-pulp complex. While these molecules’ repair activities in other tissues are already known, their biological effects are unclear in relation to degradation events during disease in the dentin-pulp complex. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dentin matrix components (DMCs) that are partially digested by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in vitro and in vivo during wound healing of the dentin-pulp complex. DMCs were initially isolated from healthy dentin and treated with recombinant MMPs. Subsequently, their effects on the behaviour of primary pulp cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Digested DMCs modulated a range of pulp cell functions in vitro. In addition, DMCs partially digested with MMP-20 stimulated tertiary dentin formation in vivo, which exhibited a more regular tubular structure than that induced by treatment with other MMPs. Our results indicate that MMP-20 may be especially effective in stimulating wound healing of the dentin-pulp complex.

Biological Effects of Licochalcones

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gatta Daniela Maria Pia ◽  
Franceschelli Sara ◽  
Felaco Mario ◽  
Speranza Lorenza
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Medicinal plants and their natural bioactive molecules, are evaluated as the foundation for health preservation and care of humanity. The licorice root, known as “Radix Glycyrrhizae”, is a perennial plant that comes from Mediterranean countries, central to southern Russia, Asia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. The licorice root has been used in traditional Chinese medicines for centuries and has been defined as &quot;the progenitor of herbs&quot;. The name &#039;Licorice&#039; is derived from the ancient Greek word Glukurrhiza, meaning &#039;sweet root&#039;. It consists of approximately 30 species, however, the most common ones consist of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Glycyrrhiza Inflata. In addition, the licorice root contains chalcones, which are a part of an important class of natural products and are precursors of flavonoids. Chemically, chalcones are composed of two aromatic rings associated with &#945;, &#946;-unsaturated &#945;-carbon ketone, representing the prima nucleus of the structure. They have been classified, according to chemical structures, in Licochalcone A, B, C, D, E, F and G. This review aims to highlight all the in vitro and in vivo studies that have been conducted on the licochalcones, extracted from Glycyrrhiza species. The main effects are as follows: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatotoxic and osteogenic. It is important to implement the introduction of biologically active natural molecules from the bench (research) to the bedside (clinical practice). However, in the future, it is required to conduct additional studies to validate these biological effects.

scholarly journals Antimycobacterial Activity and Safety Profile Assessment of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Alajmi ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana ◽  
Adnan J. Al-Rehaily ◽  
Jamal M. Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Alpinia Galanga

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a common deadly infectious disease and worldwide a major health problem. The current study was therefore designed to investigate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different extracts of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia. Moreover, a safety assessment for both plants was carried out. Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts of each plant were examined against H37Rv INH-sensitive and resistant INH strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The safety assessment of both plants has been performed through in vivo acute and chronic toxicity studies in animal model. Body weight, food consumption, water intake, organ’s weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters of blood and serum were evaluated. The extracts of A. galanga and T. cordifolia produced significant and dose-dependent inhibitory activity with maximum effect of 18-32% at 50 μg/ml against both strains of M. tuberculosis. No effect on the body weight or food and water consumption was observed but A. galanga caused significantly an increase in the relative weight of the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney. Haematological studies of both plants revealed a slight but significant fall in the RBC and WBC level as well as haemoglobin and platelets. In addition, A. galanga extracts increased significantly liver enzymes and bilirubin and glucose.

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