EDITORIAL COMMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Experience ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

A RECENTLY conducted controlled clinical trial tested the effectiveness of Alevaire® mist as a prophylactic measure for premature infants. The results failed to support earlier reports which suggested that this compound was beneficial in the prevention and treatment of neonatal asphyxia among these newborns. As a result of the earlier suggestions this material has been widely used throughout the country during the past 2 to 3 years. However, the originally advanced proof of effectiveness rested upon comparisons with past experience or with current experience of other hospitals, or even upon pooled reports of individual case histories without planned control. The controlled trial was conducted over a 10-month period involving a total of 200 prematurely-born infants. There was no therapeutic benefit, as judged by a comparison of death rates and autopsy findings, that could be credited to Alevaire® mist therapy of premature infants in the first 3 days of life. It would be improper to extend the findings of the study by generalizing beyond the exact conditions specified.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Acupuncture’s Antispasmodic Effect on Upper Gastrointestinal Tract during Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
Masao Suzuki ◽  
Naoto Ishizaki ◽  
Takumi Kayo ◽  
Taiga Furuta ◽  
Ryo Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

A prospective study was conducted in patients with early-stage gastric cancer to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture stimulation as an antispasmodic compared with conventional medication during the procedure of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study was a prospective single blinded quasi-randomized controlled trial. Seventy-three patients who were scheduled to undergo ESD for gastric cancer at Aizu Medical Center between 19 February 2016 and 30 June 2016 were assessed for eligibility for the study. Sixty out of 73 patients were included in the study and assigned into two intervention groups: medication group (MG) and acupuncture group (AG). Ease of the procedure was evaluated using modified NIWA classification (MNC) by endoscopist considering the frequency and amplitude of the upper gastrointestinal peristalsis. For the statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the differences of MNC values (baseline and end of procedure) between two groups. The difference of MNC found in the AG (−2.00 (−3.0 to −2.0)) was significantly greater than that in the MG (−1.00 (−2.0 to −1.0), p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). We consider that acupuncture to the abdomen could be an alternative antispasmodic method during upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure.

scholarly journals Targeting human milk fortification to improve very preterm infant growth and brain development: study protocol for Nourish, a single-center randomized, controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy B. Belfort ◽  
Lianne J. Woodward ◽  
Sara Cherkerzian ◽  
Hunter Pepin ◽  
Deirdre Ellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Human milk is recommended for very preterm infants, but its variable macronutrient content may contribute to undernutrition during a critical period in development. We hypothesize that individually targeted human milk fortification is more effective in meeting macronutrient requirements than the current standard of care. Methods We designed a single-center randomized, controlled trial enrolling 130 infants born < 31 completed weeks’ gestation. Participants will receive fortified maternal and/or pasteurized donor milk but no formula. For participants in the intervention group, milk will be individually fortified with protein and fat modulars to achieve target levels based on daily point-of-care milk analysis with mid-infrared spectroscopy, in addition to standard fortification. The study diet will continue through 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Clinical staff and parents will be masked to study group. Primary outcomes include: 1) body length and lean body mass by air displacement plethysmography at 36 weeks’ PMA; 2) quantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of brain size and microstructure at term equivalent age; and 3) Bayley-IV scales at 2 years’ corrected age. Discussion We expect this trial to provide important data regarding the effectiveness of individually targeted human milk fortification in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Trial registration NCT03977259, registered 6 June, 2019.

scholarly journals Intrathecal dexmedetomidine improves epidural labor analgesia effects: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052199953
Author(s):  
Gehui Li ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Qi ◽  
Xiaolei Huang ◽  
Yuantao Li
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Labor Analgesia ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Clinical Registry ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group D

Objective α2‑agonists and opioids have been used as intrathecal adjuvants to local anesthetics for several years, but the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine (Dex) or sufentanil combined with epidural ropivacaine in labor analgesia is not fully understood. Methods A total of 108 parturient women receiving combined spinal-epidural labor analgesia were randomly divided into three groups. Group C received l mL saline (0.9%) intrathecally, Group D received 5 µg Dex intrathecally, and Group S received 5 µg sufentanil intrathecally. All parturient women then received 0.1% epidural ropivacaine and 0.2 µg/mL sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia with standard settings. The visual analog scale score, onset time, duration of intrathecal injection, local anesthetic requirements, and side effects were recorded. Results The labor analgesia effects in Groups D and S were better than those in Group C. Groups D and S displayed significantly shorter onset times, longer durations of intrathecal injection, and reduced local anesthetic requirements compared with Group C. The incidence of shivering and pruritus in Group D was lower than that in Group S. Conclusion Intrathecal administration of 5 µg Dex could improve epidural labor analgesia effects. This randomized controlled clinical trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Registry Center (ChiCTR-1800014943, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).

CPT-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302199636
Author(s):  
Mertcan Geyin ◽  
Brett W Maurer ◽  
Brendon A Bradley ◽  
Russell A Green ◽  
Sjoerd van Ballegooy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case History ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
History Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Manifestation ◽  
The Many

Earthquakes occurring over the past decade in the Canterbury region of New Zealand have resulted in liquefaction case-history data of unprecedented quantity. This provides the profession with a unique opportunity to advance the prediction of liquefaction occurrence and consequences. Toward that end, this article presents a curated dataset containing ∼15,000 cone-penetration-test-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury. The compiled, post-processed data are presented in a dense array structure, allowing researchers to easily access and analyze a wealth of information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e. triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using these data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. The many methods used to obtain and process the case-history data are detailed herein, as is the structure of the compiled digital file. Finally, recommendations for analyzing the data are outlined, including nuances and limitations that users should carefully consider.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on the mental health status of attention-deficit hyperactive children: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Hemamy ◽  
Naseh Pahlavani ◽  
Alireza Amanollahi ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shriful Islam ◽  
Jenna McVicar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Children With Adhd

Abstract Background Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity. Studies have shown deficiencies in the serum level of magnesium and vitamin D in people with ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on mental health in children with ADHD. Methods We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 66 children with ADHD. Participants were randomly allocated to receive both vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) plus magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) supplements (n = 33) or placebos (n = 33) for 8-weeks. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to evaluate children’s mental health at baseline and the end of the study. Results After eight weeks of intervention, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and magnesium increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. Also, children receiving vitamin D plus magnesium showed a significant reduction in emotional problems (p = 0.001), conduct problems (p = 0.002), peer problems (p = 0.001), prosocial score (p = 0.007), total difficulties (p = 0.001), externalizing score (p = 0.001), and internalizing score (p = 0.001) compared with children treated with the placebo. Conclusion Vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) and magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) co-supplementation for a duration of 8-weeks could improve the behavioral function and mental health of children with ADHD. However, further well-designed studies with a larger sample size are needed. Trial registration IRCT2016030326886N1.

scholarly journals Assessing the Prospects of Transboundary Multihazard Dynamics: The Case of Bhotekoshi—Sunkoshi Watershed in Sino—Nepal Border Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Suraj Lamichhane ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Rocky Talchabhadel ◽  
Bhesh Raj Thapa ◽  
Rabindra Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transboundary Watersheds ◽  
Underlying Causes

The impacts of multihazards have become more pronounced over the past few decades globally. Multiple hazards and their cascading impacts claim enormous losses of lives, livelihoods, and built environment. This paradigm prompts integrated and multidisciplinary perspectives to identify, characterize, and assess the occurrence of multihazards and subsequently design countermeasures considering impending multihazard scenarios at the local level. To this end, we considered one of the most egregious transboundary watersheds, which is regarded as a multihazard hotspot of Nepal, to analyze the underlying causes and cascade scenarios of multihazards, and their associated impacts. In this paper, geophysical, hydrometeorological, and socioeconomic perspectives are formulated to characterize the watershed from the dimension of susceptibility to multihazard occurrence. To characterize the complex dynamics of transboundary multihazard occurrence, insights have been presented from both the Nepali and the Chinese sides. Individual case studies and the interrelation matrix between various natural hazards are also presented so as to depict multihazard consequences in the transboundary region. The sum of the observations highlights that the watershed is highly vulnerable to a single as well as multiple natural hazards that often switch to disasters.

scholarly journals Probiotics Do Not Alter the Long-Term Stability of the Supragingival Microbiota in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Christine Lundtorp-Olsen ◽  
Christian Enevold ◽  
Svante Twetman ◽  
Daniel Belstrøm
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Compositional Stability ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: The purpose of the present study was to longitudinally characterize the supragingival microbiota throughout a three months period in orally healthy individuals. We tested the hypothesis that the supragingival microbiota shows a high degree of compositional stability, which is resilient against the external perturbation of regular use of probiotics, as long as oral health is maintained. Methods: The present study was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study population comprised a total of 110 oral and systemic healthy individuals, distributed in a probiotic (n = 55) and placebo (n = 55) group, where the test group consumed tablets with the probiotic strains Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus (formerly Lactobacillus) PB01 DSM14870 and Latilactobacillus curvatus (formerly Lactobacillus) EB10 DSM32307 for a period of 12 weeks. Supragingival plaque samples and clinical registrations were performed at baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. The supragingival microbiota was characterized by means of 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequences were referenced against the HOMD database. Results: No significant changes of the core microbiota, as expressed by relative abundance of predominant genera and species were evident during the three months observation period in the probiotic or the placebo group. Conclusions: Data from the present study clearly demonstrate long term compositional stability of the supragingival microbiota as long as oral health is maintained. In addition, the tested probiotics had no augmenting effect on the supragingival microbiota in oral health.

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