scholarly journals Moral Judgment and Moral Conduct in the Psychopath

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy F. Link ◽  
Shawn E. Scherer ◽  
P. Niall Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
Criminal Offender ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between moral conduct and moral judgment was investigated by comparing moral reasoning of a psychopathic sample from a maximum security hospital for the criminal offender with a similar inmate, nonpsychopathic sample, and a group of “normals”. Psychopaths obtained significantly higher scores on the Kohlberg scale of moral judgment than either of the other groups, for whom no differences were found. Results suggest the hypothesis that lack of guilt feelings in psychopaths facilitate the achievement of higher levels of moral judgment.

scholarly journals Improved Model Exploration for the Relationship between Moral Foundations and Moral Judgment Development Using Bayesian Model Averaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyemin Han ◽  
Kelsie J Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
The Relationship

Although some previous studies have investigated the relationship between moral foundations and moral judgment development, the methods used have not been able to fully explore the relationship. In the present study, we used Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) in order to address the limitations in traditional regression methods that have been used previously. Results showed consistency with previous findings that binding foundations are negatively correlated with post-conventional moral reasoning and positively correlated with maintaining norms and personal interest schemas. In addition to previous studies, our results showed a positive correlation for individualizing foundations and post-conventional moral reasoning. Implications are discussed as well as a detailed explanation of the novel BMA method in order to allow others in the field of moral education to be able to use it in their own studies.

scholarly journals The Curriculum of Physical Education and Moral Education

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Siu Wing YEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Value System ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Recently, much emphasis has put on the training of physical fitness in Physical Education (PE) subject. In fact, one of the most important objectives of PE is to promote the qualities of desirable moral behaviors, co-operation in communal life and the ability of making moral judgment in students. PE is a significant media to provide real life situations for students to re-exercise the moral reasoning and reappraise the value of PE. This coincides with Kohlberg's theory (1987) that moral reasoning has to go through the process of re-evaluation of own value system in different situations, thus achieving a balance and fostering the advancement of a person's level of moral reasoning. This essay discussed the relationship between moral education and PE, and the way to implement moral education in PE is suggested.近年來，體育科的發展多集中在體能方面，對於其他方面的發展則略嫌忽略，道德發展正是其中一環。體育科正正能夠作為一個極之有效的媒介，讓學生有機會重覆遇上兩難的情景，而進行重覆練習道德思維判斷，尋找出一個在內心世界的平衡點 — 體育的價值。這個歷程正符合近代心理學家勞倫斯郭耳堡(1987)的認知道德發展模式，當一些價值在實際選擇情景中發生衝突時，道德價值的認知便邁向評量價值更具批判責任的一步，這樣便能提升個人的道德思維層次。這篇文章就是探討兩者的關係。

scholarly journals The Influence of Study Specialization on the Moral Reasoning in University Students

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Petra Lajčiaková
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Moral Thinking ◽  
Moral Competences ◽  
The University

Abstract Significant importance has been attributed to moral judgment with regard to the moral and complex personal development of an individual. The study is focused on the moral thinking of university students, being interested in whether or not and to what extent does the university students´ specialization of study affect their moral judgment. A total of 180 students participated in the survey, half of them with technical specialization and the other half with humane disciplines. The Moral Judgment Test was used as a research tool for measuring their moral reasoning. The results showed a significant relation between the students´ moral reasoning and study specialization. Students with humane study specialization showed a much higher level of moral reasoning, referring to an input in the discussion on the method of developing university students´ moral competences.

scholarly journals How "Ought" Exceeds but Implies "Can": Description and Encouragement in Moral Judgment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turri
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Ought Implies Can ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Interaction Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship

This paper tests a theory about the relationship between two important topics in moral philosophy and psychology. One topic is the function of normative language, specifically claims that one “ought” to do something. Do these claims function to describe moral responsibilities, encourage specific behavior, or both? The other topic is the relationship between saying that one “ought” to do something and one’s ability to do it. In what respect, if any, does what one “ought” to do exceed what one “can” do? The theory tested here has two parts: (1) “ought” claims function to both describe responsibilities and encourage people to fulfill them (the dual-function hypothesis); (2) the two functions relate differently to ability, because the encouragement function is limited by the person’s ability, but the descriptive function is not (the interaction hypothesis). If this theory is correct, then in one respect “ought implies can” is false because people have responsibilities that exceed their abilities. But in another respect “ought implies can” is legitimate because it is not worthwhile to encourage people to do things that exceed their ability. Results from two behavioral experiments support the theory that “ought” exceeds but implies “can.” Results from a third experiment provide further evidence regarding an “ought” claim’s primary function and how contextual features can affect the interpretation of its functions.

Comparison of Measures of Moral Judgment

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bode ◽  
Roger Page
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Defining Issues Test ◽  
The Relationship

Three measures of moral reasoning (Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview, Rest's Defining Issues Test, and Maitland and Goldman's Moral Judgment Scale) were administered to classes of college students to examine the relationship between the instruments as well as their internal consistency. The Kohlberg and Rest instruments showed the strongest relationship while the Maitland and Goldman measure correlated poorly with both. The Kohlberg measure produced the highest coefficient of internal consistency (which is perhaps to be expected given the nature of the scoring procedures), while the Maitland and Goldman measure produced the lowest coefficient of internal consistency.

Intramurals and College Student Development: The Role of Intramurals on Values Clarification

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Rothwell ◽  
Philip Theodore
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Student Development ◽  
College Student Development ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
The Relationship

Intramural programs on college campuses enforce standards of moral conduct, otherwise known as “good sportsmanship,” in their programs. Moral development education focuses on helping students reach higher levels of moral reasoning (Kohlberg, 1981). To achieve higher levels of moral reasoning requires one to first clarify her or his values. This research explores the relationship between participation in intramural programs and values clarification. Values clarification assumes if an individual is successful in clarifying her or his own values, then changes in behavior will result. When values are not clear, students' lives lack direction and decisions about how to spend their time and energy (Raths, Harmin, & Simon, 1966). According the theory of values clarification, individuals who are confused or unclear about their values will tend to behave in immature, over-conforming, or over-dissenting ways, while individuals who possess clarified values behave in calm, confident, and purposeful ways (Kinnier, 1995). Through the enforcement of good sportsmanship in an intramural program, opportunities are provided for individuals to clarify their values, thus contributing to the overall development of the student.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

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