Optimization of fuels from waste composition with application of genetic algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wzorek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Optimization Task ◽  
Coal Slime

The objective of this article is to elaborate a method to optimize the composition of the fuels from sewage sludge (PBS fuel – fuel based on sewage sludge and coal slime, PBM fuel – fuel based on sewage sludge and meat and bone meal, PBT fuel – fuel based on sewage sludge and sawdust). As a tool for an optimization procedure, the use of a genetic algorithm is proposed. The optimization task involves the maximization of mass fraction of sewage sludge in a fuel developed on the basis of quality-based criteria for the use as an alternative fuel used by the cement industry. The selection criteria of fuels composition concerned such parameters as: calorific value, content of chlorine, sulphur and heavy metals. Mathematical descriptions of fuel compositions and general forms of the genetic algorithm, as well as the obtained optimization results are presented. The results of this study indicate that the proposed genetic algorithm offers an optimization tool, which could be useful in the determination of the composition of fuels that are produced from waste.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential for Combustion of Biofuels in Grate Furnaces

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wzorek
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Coal Slime ◽  
The Impact

The paper assesses the impact of combustion of biofuels produced based on municipal sewage sludge in stoker-fired boilers on the amount of pollutant emissions and examines the tendency of ash deposition of biofuels formed during the combustion process. The combustion tests were performed in a laboratory system enabling simulation of a combustion process present in stoker-fired boilers. The study was conducted for three types of biofuels; i.e., fuel from sewage sludge and coal slime (PBS fuel), sewage sludge and meat and bone meal (PBM fuel) and fuel based on sewage sludge and sawdust (PBT) with particle size of 35 mm and 15 mm. This paper describes and compares the combustion process of biofuels with different granulation and composition and presents the results of changes in emission values of NOx, SO2, CO, and CO2. The emission results were compared with the corresponding results obtained during combustion of hard coal. The results showed that biofuels with lower particle sizes were ignited faster and the shortest ignition time is achieved for fuel based on sewage sludge and coal slime-PBS fuel. Also, the highest NO and SO2 emissions were obtained for PBS fuel. During the combustion of fuel based on sewage sludge and meat and bone meal (PBM), on the other hand, the highest CO2 emissions were observed for both granulations. Biofuels from sludge show a combustion process that is different compared to the one for hard coal. The problems of ash fouling, slagging, and deposition during biofuels combustion were also identified. The tendency for ash slagging and fouling is observed, especially for fuel from sewage sludge and meat and bone meal (PBM) and fuel based on sewage sludge and sawdust (PBT) ashes which consist of meat and bone meal and sawdust which is typical for biomass combustion.

Response of breeding sows to long term dietary supplementation with folic acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
P.B. Lynch ◽  
P.J.A. Sheehy
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Dietary supplementation with folic acid has been shown to improve reproductive performance in sows (Lindemann 1993). However most studies have been for one cycle only and few have examined the effect of supplementation over several parities.One hundred and thirty four crossbred sows ranging in parity from 2 to 4 were selected at farrowing and randomly allocated to two dietary treatments of low and high supplemental folic acid (0 and 10 g per tonne, Roche Products Ltd.). Treatments were applied for the following three lactations and post weaning periods, two full pregnancies and to day 30 of the pregnancy following the third lactation. The diet fed contained barley, wheat, soyabean meal and meat and bone meal with nutrient levels of 14.0 MJ DE/kg and 1.02% lysine. Sows were individually penned throughout with restricted feeding in pregnancy (2.2 kg/day increasing to 2.5 kg/day in the final month), and ad libitum in lactation (approx 5.0 kg/day) and post weaning (approx 3.4 kg/day). Blood samples for determination of plasma and red cell folate were taken from 14 sows per treatment on days 4, 50 and 110 of one cycle. These were determined by a microbiological assay (modification of methods of Scott et al 1974 and Wilson and Home 1982).

Effects of sewage sludge and meat and bone meal Co-combustion on SCR catalysts

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Beck ◽  
Jürgen Brandenstein ◽  
Sven Unterberger ◽  
Klaus R.G Hein
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Scr Catalysts

scholarly journals Thermal conversion of granules from feathers, meat and bone meal and poultry litter to ash with fertilizing properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Staroń ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Anita Staroń ◽  
Marcin Banach
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Soil Improvers ◽  
Meat Bone Meal ◽  
The Eu

Recently, the increased consumption of poultry meat in the EU has been observed. Short cycle of poultry meat production allows adjusting the level of production to demand. With the increase in the meat production the amount of generated waste that has to be disposed because they pose a risk to the environment also increases. The work presents the possibility to produce a mixture of feathers, meat-bone meal and poultry litter that can be used for energy purposes (alternative fuel). Moreover, the composition of the ashes after combustion will be similar to phosphorus-potassium fertilizers offered for sale. The resulting granules are characterized by a calorific value in the range 13.1–13.3 kJg-1. The ash after its combustion contained 11.33–13.38% of phosphorous, 4.94–5.67% of potassium, 31.85–32.69% of calcium and 2.07–2.51% of magnesium. Moreover, the ash contained 0.45-0.46% of iron, 0.10–0.11% of manganese, 0.11–0.14 of zinc and 0.02% of copper. Mineral combusted residue of this type of granules has a low content of heavy metals and can be used as an additive to fertilizers and soil improvers, in order to enrich their composition in valuable macro- and micronutrients.

Determination of Calcium in Meat and Bone Meal

1958 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-413
Author(s):  
Milton Lapidus ◽  
Edward F Mellon
Keyword(s):  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal

Genetic Algorithm Used for Predicting Meat and Bone Meal Content in Fishmeal by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2800-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
湛小梅 Zhan Xiaomei ◽  
韩鲁佳 Han Lujia ◽  
刘贤 Liu Xian ◽  
杨增玲 Yang Zengling
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal
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