Optimization of waste combinations during in-vessel composting of agricultural waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Sudharsan Varma ◽  
Ajay S Kalamdhad ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Radial Basis ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Rotary Drum Composter

In-vessel composting of agricultural waste is a well-described approach for stabilization of compost within a short time period. Although composting studies have shown the different combinations of waste materials for producing good quality compost, studies of the particular ratio of the waste materials in the mix are still limited. In the present study, composting was conducted with a combination of vegetable waste, cow dung, sawdust and dry leaves using a 550 L rotary drum composter. Application of a radial basis functional neural network was used to simulate the composting process. The model utilizes physico-chemical parameters with different waste materials as input variables and three output variables: volatile solids, soluble biochemical oxygen demand and carbon dioxide evolution. For the selected model, the coefficient of determination reached the high value of 0.997. The complicated interaction of agricultural waste components during composting makes it a nonlinear problem so it is difficult to find the optimal waste combinations for producing quality compost. Optimization of a trained radial basis functional model has yielded the optimal proportion as 62 kg, 17 kg and 9 kg for vegetable waste, cow dung and sawdust, respectively. The results showed that the predictive radial basis functional model described for drum composting of agricultural waste was well suited for organic matter degradation and can be successfully applied.

scholarly journals Adsorption and Photocatalytic Mineralization of Bromophenol Blue Dye with TiO2 Modified with Clinoptilolite/Activated Carbon

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Co Precipitation

This study presents a hybridized photocatalyst with adsorbate as a promising nanocomposite for photoremediation of wastewater. Photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue (BPB) in aqueous solution under UV-irradiation of wavelength 400 nm was carried out with TiO2 doped with activated carbon (A) and clinoptilolite (Z) via the co-precipitation technique. The physiochemical properties of the nanocomposite (A–TiO2 and Z–TiO2) and TiO2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results of the nanocomposite (A–TiO2 and Z–TiO2) efficiency was compared to that with the TiO2, which demonstrated their adsorption and synergistic effect for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color from the wastewater. At an optimal load of 4 g, the photocatalytic degradation activity (Z–TiO2 > A–TiO2 > TiO2) was found favorably by the second-order kinetic model. Consequently, the Langmuir adsorption isotherms favored the nanocomposites (Z–TiO2 > A–TiO2), whereas that of the TiO2 fitted very well on the Freundlich isotherm approach. Z–TiO2 evidently exhibited a high photocatalytic efficacy of decomposition over 80% of BPB (COD) at reaction rate constant (k) and coefficient of determination (R2) values of 5.63 × 10−4 min−1 and 0.989, respectively.

scholarly journals Sustainable Panels Made with Industrial and Agricultural Waste: Thermal and Environmental Critical Analysis of the Experimental Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Paola Ricciardi ◽  
Elisa Belloni ◽  
Francesca Merli ◽  
Cinzia Buratti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Recycled Waste

Recycled waste materials obtained from industrial and agricultural processes are becoming promising thermal and acoustic insulating solutions in building applications; their use can play an important role in the environmental impact reduction. The aim of the present paper is the evaluation of the thermal performance of recycled waste panels consisting of cork scraps, rice husk, coffee chaff, and end-life granulated tires, glued in different weight ratios and pressed. Six panels obtained from the mixing of these waste materials were fabricated and analyzed. In particular, the scope is the selection of the best compromise solutions from the thermal and environmental points of view. To this aim, thermal resistances were measured in laboratory and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was carried out for each panel; a cross-comparative examination was performed in order to optimize their properties and find the best panels solutions to be assembled in the future. Life Cycle Analysis was carried out in terms of primary Embodied Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, considering a ‘‘cradle-to-gate” approach. The obtained thermal conductivities varied in the 0.055 to 0.135 W/mK range, in the same order of magnitude of many traditional systems. The best thermal results were obtained for the panels made of granulated cork, rice husk, and coffee chaff in this order. The rubber granulate showed higher values of the thermal conductivity (about 0.15 W/mK); a very interesting combined solution was the panel composed of cork (60%), rice husk (20%), and coffee chaff (20%), with a thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/mK and a Global Warming Potential of only 2.6 kg CO2eq/m2. Considering the Embodied Energy (CED), the best solution is a panel composed of 56% of cork and 44% of coffee chaff (minimum CED and thermal conductivity).

scholarly journals Physio-Chemical Characterization of Indigenous Agricultural Waste Materials for the Development of Potting Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Kiran ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Allah Baksh ◽  
Syed Inam Ullah Shah Bukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Potting Media

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

scholarly journals Neural Model for the Prediction of Volume Losses in the Aging Process of Rums

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (54) ◽  
pp. e10514
Author(s):  
Beatriz García-Castellanos ◽  
Osney Pérez-Ones ◽  
Lourdes Zumalacárregui-de-Cárdenas ◽  
Idania Blanco-Carvajal ◽  
Luis Eduardo López-de-la-Maza
Keyword(s):  
Aging Time ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Input Variables

The rum aging process shows volume losses, called wastage. The numerical operation variables: product, boardwalk, horizontal and vertical positions, date, volume, alcoholic degree, temperature, humidity and aging time, recorded in databases, contain valuable information to study the process. MATLAB 2017 software was used to estimate volume losses. In the modeling of the rum aging process, the multilayer perceptron neuronal network with one and two hidden layers was used, varying the number of neurons in these between 4 and 10. The Levenberg-Marquadt (LM) and Bayesian training algorithms were compared (Bay) The increase in 6 consecutive iterations of the validation error and 1,000 as the maximum number of training cycles were the criteria used to stop the training. The input variables to the network were: numerical month, volume, temperature, humidity, initial alcoholic degree and aging time, while the output variable was wastage. 546 pairs of input/output data were processed. The statistical Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were performed to select the best neural architecture according to the mean square error (MSE) criteria. The selected topology has a 6-4-4-1 structure, with an MSE of 2.1∙10-3 and a correlation factor (R) with experimental data of 0.9898. The neural network obtained was used to simulate thirteen initial aging conditions that were not used for training and validation, detecting a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9961.

scholarly journals Effect of different agro-wastes, casing materials and supplements on the growth, yield and nutrition of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Hasan Sardar ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Anjum ◽  
Aamir Nawaz ◽  
Safina Naz ◽  
Shaghef Ejaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Peat Moss

AbstractAgricultural waste disposal is one of the main concerns in today's world that can cause environmental pollution. Utilisation of agro-waste materials to grow mushrooms is an eco-friendly method to reduce pollution. Therefore, various agricultural waste materials, such as wheat straw, rice straw and cotton waste, were utilised for the production of milky mushroom. Among the substrates used in this study wheat straw showed superior substrate for the production of milky mushroom. The agronomic traits studied such as total yield, number of fruiting bodies, the maximum diameter of pileus and stalk length, biological efficiency, protein contents, phosphorous and potassium contents were observed on wheat straw substrate. Peat moss, loam soil and spent mushroom substrate were used as casing materials. Among the casing materials used, the highest yield and biological efficiency were observed on peat moss. The results also indicated that the addition of supplements with the substrate improved yield and yield contributing characteristics. Among the tested supplements (wheat bran and rice bran), wheat bran was the best supplement for wheat straw substrate to cultivate milky white mushroom.

scholarly journals Suitability of Macrophytes for Wastewater Treatment and Biogas Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All

In this paper three sustainable approaches are made in waste management option. Firstly primary treated domestic sewage is treated by aquatic macrophytes using duckweed, water hyacinth and water lettuce. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Phosphate, Nitrates are tested before and after. Result indicates in terms of water quality, almost all three plants shows same removal efficiencies. BOD and TSS removal efficiency is attained more than 95%. COD and TDS removal is reached upto 50% for almost all plants. Secondly the used aquatic macrophytes for wastewater treatment is again used for generation of biogas (water lettuce unit, duckweed unit, water lettuce unit). In addition to three aquatic macrophytes, sludge is collected from aquatic macrophyte unit for generation of biogas. Comparison is made with conventional cow dung biogas unit. Result indicates water lettuce and duckweed produce biogas at earlier stage itself and water hyacinth takes some time for starting of biogas production. This may be due to the structure and texture causes some time for decomposition. Sludge gives maximum biogas generation among all experimental setup. Also in this study cow dung did not give biogas more may be due to poor blend ratio of cow dung with water is one of the reason.

scholarly journals Extraction of Value-Added Minerals from Various Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Wastes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6333
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Govindhan Gnanamoorthy ◽  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Coconut Shells

Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns throughout the world. The rise of industrialization has increased the generation of waste materials, causing environmental degradation and threat to the health of living beings. To overcome this problem and effectively handle waste materials, proper management skills are required. Waste as a whole is not only waste, but it also holds various valuable materials that can be used again. Such useful materials or elements need to be segregated and recovered using sustainable recovery methods. Agricultural waste, industrial waste, and household waste have the potential to generate different value-added products. More specifically, the industrial waste like fly ash, gypsum waste, and red mud can be used for the recovery of alumina, silica, and zeolites. While agricultural waste like rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut shells can be used for recovery of silica, calcium, and carbon materials. In addition, domestic waste like incense stick ash and eggshell waste that is rich in calcium can be used for the recovery of calcium-related products. In agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors, several raw materials are used; therefore, it is of high economic interest to recover valuable minerals and to process them and convert them into merchandisable products. This will not only decrease environmental pollution, it will also provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for materials synthesis. These value-added materials can be used for medicine, cosmetics, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup.

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