scholarly journals Estimation of COVID-19 waste generation and composition in Vietnam for pandemic management

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110528
Author(s):  
Trang DT Nguyen ◽  
Kosuke Kawai ◽  
Toyohiko Nakakubo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Contaminated Waste

Despite its initial success in COVID-19 pandemic control, Vietnam faces a growing risk of outbreaks as new infection waves driven by the highly contagious Delta variant surge in the region. In the context of preparedness through waste management, this study estimated the rate and quantity of generation and the composition of COVID-19 waste in Vietnam from the supply of resources and equipment. Over a year under COVID, 1486 t of COVID-19 waste was produced from the treatment of isolated COVID-19 patients (4.64 kg bed−1 day−1), quarantine in medical facilities (3.86 kg bed−1 day−1), centralised quarantine (46.43 g bed−1 day−1), testing (50 g test−1) and vaccination (10.46 g shot−1). Plastic dominated the waste at 76.7%, followed by paper. The additional management of waste from households with persons under quarantine is likely to reduce infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – contaminated waste. Thorough assessment is recommended for the establishment of regional collaboration to secure COVID-19 waste treatment capacity. These findings will support COVID-19 waste planning in Vietnam in association with pandemic scenarios and could be used as a reference by other developing countries for pandemic control.

Prefabricated biogas reactor-based systems for community wastewater and organic waste treatment in developing regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cheng ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
H.-P. Mang ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
F. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Biogas Reactors ◽  
Biogas Reactor ◽  
Organic Waste Treatment ◽  
Urban Conditions

Population densities in cities of developing countries are much higher than in other parts of the world, and the predominance of poverty in urban slums is ubiquitous throughout the region. In many urban areas, the lack of wastewater and waste management continues to be a huge challenge for environment and health protection. Decentralized approaches are proposed to provide practical, alternative options for sustainable urban wastewater and waste management in urban conditions. Conventionally, on-site constructed brick/concrete biogas reactors are the most used models. However, long construction periods, quality issues and leakage of biogas are often the disadvantages of construction design. In contrast to these systems, prefabricated biogas reactors can be produced off-site from different kinds of material. In this paper, prefabricated biogas reactor and treatment systems will be discussed, which could be applied in different developing countries. Meanwhile, some existing cases in China, Indonesia and South Africa are presented to show clear scenarios.

scholarly journals Kajian Timbulan Limbah Infeksius Rumah Sakit Kota Bandung dan Cimahi

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Venny Ulya Bunga ◽  
Enri Damanhuri
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Infectious Waste

ABSTRACT The increased activities in hospitals will increase the infectious waste generation. The infectious waste contains pathogenic organisms that can spread disease to humans and the environment. The harmful impact of infectious waste can be minimized through proper waste management, starting from waste generation. This study aims to examine the problem of infectious waste generation: the overall percentage of infectious waste generation in hospitals, the amount of infectious waste generation from each source (processing unit), and analyze factors that significantly affected its generation. This study is expected to be the basis of recommendations for hospitals in handling infectious waste. The study was conducted in four public hospitals in Bandung and Cimahi City. The data consists of infectious waste generation, non-infectious waste (general waste) generation, and hospital data as data factors analyzed for its influence on waste generation. The stepwise regression method was used for factor analysis with 95% CI. The result showed that infectious waste generation had a lower percentage than non-infectious waste, ranging from 38–47%. The treatment rooms that produce the most considerable infectious waste are haemodialysis, operating rooms and inpatients with an average infectious waste generation of 0,08–2,18 kg/patient/day. Thus, the three rooms can become a priority for infectious waste management. Factors that significantly affect the generation of infectious waste are dominated by patients and medical personnel. The importance of this factor is related to waste sorting activities. Therefore, special control by hospital management is needed for these two factors. Keywords: hospital, generation, infectious waste, treatment room, factors   ABSTRAK Peningkatan aktivitas rumah sakit akan diikuti dengan peningkatan timbulan limbah infeksius. Limbah infeksius mengandung organisme patogen yang dapat menyebarkan penyakit bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Dampak limbah infeksius dapat diminimalisir melalui kegiatan pengelolaan limbah yang tepat, dimulai dari timbulan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara mendalam hal seputar timbulan limbah infeksius, dimulai dari persentase timbulan limbah infeksius rumah sakit secara keseluruhan, besaran timbulan limbah infeksius dari setiap sumber (unit perawatan) serta analisa terhadap faktor yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap timbulan limbah. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar rekomendasi untuk pengelolaan limbah infeksius rumah sakit. Penelitian dilakukan di empat rumah sakit umum area Kota Bandung dan Cimahi. Data penelitian terdiri atas timbulan limbah infeksius dan non-infeksius (limbah umum) serta data atribut rumah sakit sebagai data faktor yang dianalisis pengaruhnya terhadap timbulan limbah. Analisis faktor menggunakan metode stepwise regression dengan signifikansi 0,05 (95% CI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan limbah infeksius memiliki persentase timbulan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan limbah non-infeksius (limbah umum) yaitu kisaran 38–47%. Unit perawatan yang menjadi penghasil limbah infeksius terbesar berasal dari unit haemodialisa, kamar operasi serta rawat inap dengan kisaran rata-rata besaran timbulan limbah infeksius sebesar 0,08–2,18 kg/pasien/hari. Dengan demikian, ketiga unit perawatan tersebut dapat menjadi prioritas pengelolaan limbah infeksius. Adapun faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap timbulan limbah infeksius didominasi oleh faktor jumlah pasien dan jumlah staf medis. Signifikan faktor ini berkaitan dengan kegiatan pemilahan limbah sehingga perlu pengendalian khusus poleh pihak rumah sakit terhadap kedua faktor tersebut. Kata kunci: rumah sakit, timbulan, limbah infeksius, unit perawatan, faktor

Hazardous Private Healthcare Waste Management and Forecast of Medical Waste Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2048-2051
Author(s):  
Mihaela Debita ◽  
Carmina Musat ◽  
Elena Mereuta ◽  
Madalina Rus ◽  
Claudiu Mereuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
System A ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Healthcare Waste Management ◽  
Medical Waste Management

The paper presents some considerations about medical waste management in private medical facilities which are considered to be small generators of such waste. The regulations are also applicable in these facilities and the management must develop strategic plans for minimizing the amount of medical waste. Some examples are revealed and a statistical analysis is conducted in order to reveal the efficiency of the medical waste management system. A forecast of hazardous medical waste is determined using the moving average method.

Municipal Waste Management Sustainability in Developing Countries: An Analysis of Research Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Desmond Eseoghene Ighravwea ◽  
Inyeneobong Ekoi Edemb
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Available Information

Currently, there is an increasing clamour for sustainable municipal management systems in developing countries because of the recent growth in waste generation in these countries. Different literature has discussed the issue of waste management systems for developing countries; however, there is sparse information on the synergic relationship among STEEP (Social, Technical, Economic, Environment and Policy) requirements for municipal waste management. This study uses STEEP requirements to evaluate the issue of municipal waste management sustainability in developing countries. These requirements help in aggregating the drawbacks and improvements in municipal waste management among developing countries. A framework for municipal waste management sustainability was proposed based on the discussion of available information on STEEP requirements. Furthermore, several research directions were highlighted to provide decision-makers with empirical tools for municipal waste management sustainability. Its emphasis is on municipal waste management in Africa in general and Lagos, Nigeria in particular. The study concluded that carrying out a detailed analysis of the STEEP requirements is a prerequisite for a sustainable municipal waste management system.

Waste Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 606-625
Author(s):  
Natalie Jones ◽  
Geert van Calster
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Broad Structure

This chapter examines the structures and principles of waste management law, using several jurisdictions including China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the European Union, and the United States for comparison. It first provides an overview of the so-called macrostructures of waste management laws, focusing on three ways in which the broad structure of waste laws can be contrasted: centralized systems versus delegated systems, unified systems versus fragmented systems, and integrated versus specific systems. It then considers the principles of waste management law, with emphasis on approaches taken to define ‘waste’, waste hierarchy, waste streams, and waste classifications. It also describes management principles such as reduction of waste generation, treatment near the source, standards of waste treatment, prohibitions and restrictions of movement, and extended producer responsibility. Finally, it explores the emerging trend of circular economy approaches to waste management.

scholarly journals Adopting the Zero Waste Concept for Eliminating C&D Waste in the Construction Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
K.L.A.K.T. Liyanage ◽  
K.G.A.S. Waidyasekara ◽  
H. Mallawaarachchi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Construction Activity

Construction industry is one of the key economic players in any region, where Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste generation occurs due to continuous construction and demolition activities. The C&D waste mainly comprises cement, timber, brick, concrete, aluminium, tile, steel, plastic, polythene, paper, and cardboard. Such wastes have led to several environmental, economic, and social issues over the past years. Therefore, C&D waste management is considered as a persuasive matter that needs to address, and hence, the “Zero Waste” concept has emerged as a solution to eliminate the C&D waste. Zero waste is the elimination of waste at the source and throughout the construction activity. Accordingly, implementation of the Zero waste concept in the construction industry helps to optimise the use of natural resources, reduce environmental issues and to promote sustainability. However, only limited studies are available on zero waste management in the construction industry, and hence the present study aims to investigate the adoption of zero waste concept to eliminate C&D waste in developing countries. The paper outcomes based on a comprehensive literature review and the significant findings of this research paper are the recognition of strategies, enablers, and barriers to adopting zero waste concept in the construction industry.

Management of healthcare waste in circumstances of limited resources: a case study in the hospitals of Nablus city, Palestine

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam A. Al-Khatib ◽  
Yousef S. Al-Qaroot ◽  
Mohammad S. Ali-Shtayeh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
Healthcare Waste Management ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

The objectives of this study were the assessment of healthcare waste management and the characterization of healthcare waste material generated in the hospitals in Nablus city, Palestine, and furthermore, to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B among the cleaning personnel working in these hospitals. The medical waste generation rate in kg per bed per day was between 0.59 and 0.93 kg bed— 1 day—1. The waste generation rate in the healthcare facilities of Nablus city hospitals was similar to some other developing countries; however, the percentage of medical wastes in the total waste stream was comparatively high. The density of medical waste at the four hospitals studied ranged between 144.9 and 188.4 kg m— 3 with a mean value of 166.7 kg m—3. The waste segregation and handling practices were very poor. Other alternatives for waste treatment rather than incineration such as a locally made autoclave integrated with a shredder should be evaluated and implemented. The system of healthcare waste management in Nablus city is in need of immediate improvement and attention. Formulating rules and guidelines for medical waste and developing strategies for overcoming the obstacles related to waste management should be considered as an urgent matter.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Potential for Decan and Junik Municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimoza Hyseni Spahiu ◽  
Albona Shala Abazi ◽  
Mergim Panxhaj
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Waste Characterization ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Waste Separation

Abstract Solid waste management is one of the most environmentally challenging issues in Kosovo. Still there is not full coverage with waste collection service, there are a lot of illegal dumpsites, very few recycling initiatives and so on. In the study, we have investigated waste generation per day, solid waste characterization and recycling potential in two municipalities of Kosovo – Decan and Junik. The data were collected during 10 days in different locations in order to cover the whole territory of both municipalities. Both municipalities generate almost the same amount of waste per capita/kg/day, have very similar waste characterization when half of the waste is biodegradable. Only by selling recycling type of waste to waste treatment companies both of the municipalities generate incomes that can be used to improve waste management in their territory. So, as far as these municipalities start with waste separation, better waste management will be within their territory.

scholarly journals URBAN CITIES AND WASTE GENERATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A GIS EVALUATION OF TWO CITIES IN BURKINA FASO

2013 ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Sompogda Adissa Yiougo ◽  
Temitope D. Timothy Oyedotun ◽  
Corentin Yélésomin Stephane Some ◽  
Evariste Dapola Constant Da
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Fada N’Gourma

Cities in developing countries are faced waste management challenges in terms of quantity and quality. Most of the time, solid and liquid wastes are dumped on street and open spaces. Uncontrolled waste dumped has led to diverse kind of health problems. The purpose of this article is to characterize urban cities and evaluate their waste generation using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The focus is on two cities in Burkina Faso. Specific variables which were considered during the survey include urban fabric, grey water outlets and household garbage dumps sites/techniques. The study shows that in the two cities, the most dominant urban fabric is low standard of living (about 64% of housing in Fada and 62% of housing in Pouytenga). The urban fabric is also characterized by the existence of empty spaces. Overall, the average density of grey water discharge points is 0.85 points and 5.7 points per ha of street in Fada N’Gourma and Pouytenga respectively. The average density of solid waste dumps is 1.45 waste dumps per ha street and 7 waste dumps per ha street in Fada N'Gourma and Pouytenga respectively. In case of urgent waste management intervention, the priority areas for speedy intervention are area 10 in Fada N’Gourma, areas 2 and 5 in Pouytenga. GIS applied to waste management can be a decision making tool for urban planners in developing country.

scholarly journals Waste Management Analysis in Developing Countries through Unsupervised Classification of Mixed Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Caruso ◽  
Stefano Antonio Gattone
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Depth Analysis

The increase in global population and the improvement of living standards in developing countries has resulted in higher solid waste generation. Solid waste management increasingly represents a challenge, but it might also be an opportunity for the municipal authorities of these countries. To this end, the awareness of a variety of factors related to waste management and an efficacious in-depth analysis of them might prove to be particularly significant. For this purpose, and since data are both qualitative and quantitative, a cluster analysis specific for mixed data has been implemented on the dataset. The analysis allows us to distinguish two well-defined groups. The first one is poorer, less developed, and urbanized, with a consequent lower life expectancy of inhabitants. Consequently, it registers lower waste generation and lower C O 2 emissions. Surprisingly, it is more engaged in recycling and in awareness campaigns related to it. Since the cluster discrimination between the two groups is well defined, the second cluster registers the opposite tendency for all the analyzed variables. In conclusion, this kind of analysis offers a potential pathway for academics to work with policy-makers in moving toward the realization of waste management policies tailored to the local context.

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