The Factorial Structure of Four Temperament Styles and Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Age Groups

The present study explores the factorial structure and the degree of measurement invariance of 12 divergent thinking tests. In a large sample of German students (N = 1328), a three-factor model representing verbal, figural, and numerical divergent thinking was supported. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses revealed that partial strong measurement invariance was tenable across gender and age groups as well as school forms. Latent mean comparisons resulted in significantly higher divergent thinking skills for females and students in schools with higher mean IQ. Older students exhibited higher latent means on the verbal and figural factor, but not on the numerical factor. These results suggest that a domain-specific model of divergent thinking may be assumed, although further research is needed to elucidate the sources that negatively affect measurement invariance.

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Validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of an adapted short version of the HIV stigma scale among perinatally HIV infected adolescents at the Kenyan coast

Global Health Research and Policy ◽

10.1186/s41256-021-00229-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stanley W. Wanjala ◽

Derrick Ssewanyana ◽

Patrick N. Mwangala ◽

Carophine Nasambu ◽

Esther Chongwo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hiv Stigma ◽

Short Version ◽

Stigma Scale ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Kenyan Coast

Abstract Background There is a dearth of instruments that have been developed and validated for use with children living with HIV under the age of 17 years in the Kenyan context. We examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale administered to perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in a rural setting on the Kenyan coast. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 12–17 years between November 2017 and October 2018. A short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale (HSS-40) containing twelve items (HSS-12) covering the four dimensions of stigma was evaluated. The psychometric assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multi-group CFA. Additionally, scale reliability was evaluated as internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Results Evaluation of the reliability and construct validity of the HSS-12 indicated insufficient reliability on three of the four subscales. Consequently, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify problematic items and determine ways to enhance the scale’s reliability. Based on the EFA results, two items were dropped. The Swahili version of this new 10-item HIV stigma scale (HSS-10) demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.89). Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that a unidimensional model best fitted the data. The HSS-10 presented a good fit (overall Comparative Fit Index = 0.976, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.969, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.040, Standardised Root Mean Residual = 0.045). Additionally, multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across gender and age groups at the strict invariance level as ΔCFI was ≤ 0.01. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the HSS-10 has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for evaluating HIV stigma among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents on the Kenyan coast. Further, study results support the unidimensional model and measurement invariance across gender and age groups of the HSS-10 measure.

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Measuring anxiety about aging across the adult lifespan

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610213001798 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 135-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kerry A. Sargent-Cox ◽

Masori Rippon ◽

Richard A. Burns

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Gender And Age ◽

And Gender ◽

Aging Attitudes ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

Order Four

ABSTRACTBackground:The development of instruments to measure aging attitudes is an essential part of research into the role of individual differences in the aging process, giving clarification to the relationship between attitudes and behavior across the lifespan. Here we test the structural validity of Lasher and Faulkender's (1993) Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS), and explore measurement invariance across age and gender.Methods:A sample of 783 adults (42% females) age ranging from 20 to 97 years (M = 57.3, SD = 13.66) participated.Results:The first-order four-factor AAS model reflecting the original Lasher and Faulkender (1993) structure showed a better fit to the data than the second-order model. Measurement invariance for both gender and age groups (young adults 20–44 years; mid-aged adults 45–64 years, older adults 65+ years old) was found for three of the factors, but not for all items in the Fear of Losses factor. Structural covariance inequality between the Fear of Losses and Physical Appearance factors was shown between males and females.Conclusions:Findings indicate that the original AAS measures four distinct dimensions of anxiety about aging. These dimensions were shown to be generally comparable across age and gender, indicating that the AAS is a suitable measure for providing meaningful comparison of anxiety about aging across the lifespan. The exception is the Fear of Losses factor, where items may have differential meanings across groups based on cultural and social attitudes regarding aging and gender.

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Die Dunkle Triade in einer deutschen repräsentativen Stichprobe

10.31234/osf.io/wu2m9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Krasko ◽

Till Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Reference Values ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Population ◽

Dark Triad ◽

German Version ◽

German Sample ◽

Dirty Dozen ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Bifactor Models

The "Naughty Nine" is a psychometrically optimized German version of the "Dirty Dozen", a scale to assess the Dark Triad. We examined different psychometric features of the Naughty Nine using a representative German sample (N = 2722). We compared different factor structures, investigated the measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and present reference values. The results show that the Naughty Nine is best represented by bifactor models with Machiavellianism as the reference construct that defines the content of the Dark Core. Measurement invariance can be confirmed across gender, although one indicator was marginally critical. Scalar invariance could not be confirmed across age groups. The reference values provide the possibility to rank individual raw values in relation to a German reference population. Implications for the investigation of the Dark Triad with the Naughty Nine or the Dirty Dozen are discussed.

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Measurement Invariance Across Age Groups and Over 20 Years’ Time of the Negative and Positive Affect Scale (NAPAS)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 537-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meingold Hiu-ming Chan ◽

Micah Gerhardt ◽

Xin Feng

Keyword(s):

Positive Affect ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Midlife Development ◽

Over Time ◽

Latent Means

Abstract. The factor structure and measurement invariance across gender of Mroczek’s and Kolarz’s scales of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) have been examined in past studies; however, little is known about the measurement invariance across age groups and over time, which are important psychometric properties for developmental research. The current study sought to fill this gap using the data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine increasing levels of measurement invariance across gender and age groups. Longitudinal CFA was also used to test measurement invariance over three time points using the data from MIDUS 1 ( N = 3,748), MIDUS 2 ( N = 2,257), and MIDUS 3 ( N = 1,414). Results supported full scalar invariance across gender, age groups, and over time. The latent means for NA were significantly different between men and women at time 1 and 2, but not at time 3; the latent means for both PA and NA were also different across age groups. There were no significant differences for PA and only trivial differences for NA over time within individuals. Implications of these results for longitudinal research are discussed.

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Measurement Invariance of the Subjective Happiness Scale Across Countries, Gender, Age, and Time

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191121993558 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107319112199355

Author(s):

Gaja Zager Kocjan ◽

Paul E. Jose ◽

Gregor Sočan ◽

Andreja Avsec

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Age Groups ◽

Subjective Happiness ◽

Longitudinal Measurement Invariance ◽

Subjective Happiness Scale ◽

Longitudinal Measurement ◽

Gender And Age ◽

English Speaking

The purpose of this study was to examine measurement invariance of the Subjective Happiness Scale across countries, gender, and age groups and across time by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether, 4,977 participants from nine European, American, and Australian countries were included in the study. Our results revealed that both configural and metric invariance held across countries, but scalar invariance was only partially confirmed with one item yielding varying intercepts in different countries. Measurement invariance was also confirmed across gender and age groups. Longitudinal measurement invariance was examined on a subsample of 478 English-speaking participants and was fully confirmed across five consecutive assessment points. Factor means were compared between groups and across time, and good convergent validity of the Subjective Happiness Scale was found in relation to a measure of temporal satisfaction with life. Overall, our results demonstrate that self-reported happiness was measured similarly in nine different countries, gender and age groups and over time, and provide a solid foundation for meaningful cross-group and cross-time comparisons in subjective happiness.

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Multidimensional Factor Structure of the Modified Child Rearing Practices Report questionnaire (CRPR-Q) in a sample of Portuguese mothers: A bifactor approach

Análise Psicológica ◽

10.14417/ap.1688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 299-311

Author(s):

Olívia Ribeiro ◽

Maryse Guedes ◽

Manuela Veríssimo ◽

Kenneth H. Rubin ◽

António J. Santos

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Parental Attitudes ◽

Community Sample ◽

A Priori ◽

Age Groups ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Factorial Structure

Parental attitudes toward child socialization influence their child-rearing practices, the quality of parent-child relationships, and children’s developmental outcomes. The Modified Child Rearing Practices Questionnaire (CRPR-Q) has been widely used to assess parenting practices across children’s development. However, the few studies investigating its two-factorial structure (nurturance and restrictiveness) have shown inconsistent findings and have not explored measurement invariance across children’s sex and age groups. The aims of this study were to (1) further investigate the factorial structure of the CRPR-Q, by using bifactor solutions (b-confirmatory factor analysis [B-CFA] and b-exploratory structural equation modeling [B-ESEM]) and (2) examine the measurement invariance of CRPR-Q across children’s sex and age groups. A community sample of 589 Portuguese mothers of children aged 3 to 15 years completed the CRPR-Q. Our findings revealed that the B-ESEM model best fit the data. A clear differentiation between the two a priori factors (nurturance and restrictiveness) was found. However, our findings suggest the need to control for content specificity and rely on a broader perspective regarding the nurturance factor. Measurement invariance was observed across children’s sex but not across children’s age groups. These findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the underlying relationships among the CRPR-Q items.

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Measurement properties of the German version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale for adults

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242069

Author(s):

Darko Jekauc ◽

Carina Nigg ◽

Claudio R. Nigg ◽

Markus Reichert ◽

Janina Krell-Roesch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Global Factor ◽

Method Effect ◽

German Speaking ◽

Activity Enjoyment

The physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) is a measurement instrument that is commonly used in monitoring and intervention research to assess how much people enjoy being physically active, as this has been related to physical activity adherence. However, while the measurement properties of PACES are well-researched in the English language, there is a gap of research in the German language, especially when looking at adults. Thus, the purpose of this work was to examine reliability, factorial validity, criterion-related validity, and measurement invariance across sex, age groups and time of the PACES for German-speaking adults. Data was obtained from the Motorik-Modul-Study (MoMo) in which 863 adults (53.5% female; mean age = 20.9 years) were examined. To investigate measurement invariance across age groups, data from 2,274 adolescents (50.5% female; mean age = 14.4 years) was obtained additionally. The study provided a nationwide representative sample for Germany. Results showed high internal consistency of PACES in adults (Cronbach’s α = .94). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the invariance of the measure across age groups, time, and sex. Criterion-related validity could be shown as the global factor significantly correlated with overall physical activity, physical activity in sports clubs, and leisure-time physical activity. The analyses of factorial structure indicated a method effect for positively and negatively worded items. Correlated uniqueness, latent method factor and a hybrid model were applied to analyze the method effect and results indicated that the method effect of positively worded items was predictive of physical activity independently of the global factor. Overall, it can be concluded that PACES is reliable, valid and invariant measure of physical activity enjoyment to be used in German-speaking adults. Further studies are warranted to examine the factorial structure of the PACES and the consequences of the method effect.

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The Assessment of Bulimic Symptomatology: Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh Across Gender and Age

Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition ◽

10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_217 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 3471-3486

Author(s):

Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽

Susana Sierra-Baigrie ◽

Mercedes Paíno ◽

Serafín Lemos-Giráldez ◽

José Muñiz

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Gender And Age

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Measurement invariance of the perceived online racism scale across age and gender

Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace ◽

10.5817/cp2018-3-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Brian TaeHyuk Keum ◽

Matthew J. Miller

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Online Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

General Measure ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Gender And Age ◽

And Gender ◽

Minority Participants

The Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS) is the first measure specifically developed to assess online racist interpersonal interactions and exposure to online racist content. To advance and strengthen the psychometric foundation of the PORS, the current study evaluated the measurement invariance of PORS across gender and age, two major demographic categories that can differentially affect how racism is perceived. Based on the framework of intersectionality, the salience and significance of social identities, such as gender and age, influence how racism is perceived with different meanings and interpretations. The current study examined data collected through an online survey from 946 racial/ethnic minority participants (59% women, mean age = 27.42) in the United States. Measurement invariance across gender (men and women) and age groups (ages 18 to 24, 25 to 39, and 40 to 64) was tested via comparison of a series of models with increasing constraints. Measurement invariance across configural, metric, and scalar models for age and gender was supported. Latent means were compared across gender and age groups. The results advance the psychometric property of the PORS as a general measure of online racism. Differences in the PORS scores reflect true differences among gender and age groups rather than response bias. Implications for future research are discussed.

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