Radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in testicular germ cells in swiss albino mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Pandey ◽  
Sarbani Giri ◽  
Samrat Das ◽  
Puja Upadhaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Radiofrequency Radiation ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Albino Mice

Even though there are contradictory reports regarding the cellular and molecular changes induced by mobile phone emitted radiofrequency radiation (RFR), the possibility of any biological effect cannot be ruled out. In view of a widespread and extensive use of mobile phones, this study evaluates alterations in male germ cell transformation kinetics following RFR exposure and after recovery. Swiss albino mice were exposed to RFR (900 MHz) for 4 h and 8 h duration per day for 35 days. One group of animals was terminated after the exposure period, while others were kept for an additional 35 days post-exposure. RFR exposure caused depolarization of mitochondrial membranes resulting in destabilized cellular redox homeostasis. Statistically significant increases in the damage index in germ cells and sperm head defects were noted in RFR-exposed animals. Flow cytometric estimation of germ cell subtypes in mice testis revealed 2.5-fold increases in spermatogonial populations with significant decreases in spermatids. Almost fourfold reduction in spermatogonia to spermatid turnover (1C:2C) and three times reduction in primary spermatocyte to spermatid turnover (1C:4C) was found indicating arrest in the premeiotic stage of spermatogenesis, which resulted in loss of post-meiotic germ cells apparent from testis histology and low sperm count in RFR-exposed animals. Histological alterations such as sloughing of immature germ cells into the seminiferous tubule lumen, epithelium depletion and maturation arrest were also observed. However, all these changes showed recovery to varied degrees following the post-exposure period indicating that the adverse effects of RFR on mice germ cells are detrimental but reversible. To conclude, RFR exposure-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage in germ cells, which alters cell cycle progression leading to low sperm count in mice.

Melatonin attenuates radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in germ cells of male Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Pandey ◽  
Sarbani Giri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Increasing male infertility of unknown aetiology can be associated with environmental factors. Extensive use of mobile phones has exposed the general population to unprecedented levels of radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) that may adversely affect male reproductive health. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of RFR Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) type, 900 MHz and melatonin supplementation on germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. One group received RFR exposure for 3 h twice/day for 35 days and the other group received the same exposure but with melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MEL; 5 mg/kg bw/day). Two other groups received only MEL or remain unexposed. Sperm head abnormality, total sperm count, biochemical assay for lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and testis histology were evaluated. Additionally, flow cytometric evaluation of germ cell subtypes and comet assay were performed in testis. Extensive DNA damage in germ cells of RFR-exposed animals along with arrest in pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis eventually leading to low sperm count and sperm head abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation resulting in histological and morphological changes in testis and germ cells morphology, respectively. However, these effects were either diminished or absent in RFR-exposed animals supplemented with melatonin. Hence, it can be concluded that melatonin inhibits pre-meiotic spermatogenesis arrest in male germ cells through its anti-oxidative potential and ability to improve DNA reparative pathways, leading to normal sperm count and sperm morphology in RFR-exposed animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-fertility Potential of Aqueous Extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice.

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishra N. ◽  
Joshi S. ◽  
Tandon V. L. ◽  
Munjal A.
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Contraceptive Agents ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis ◽  
Albino Mice

Population explosion is a major problem it is raising tremendously; this may affect drastically the economic growth. So family planning has been promoted through several methods of contraception. A wide variety of synthetic contraceptive agents are available, but these cannot be used continuously due to their side effects. Thus the present study was to evaluate the effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis on fertility of male and female mice. Swiss Albino mice were orally administered with aqueous crude extract of the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis (800 mg/kg of body weight/day, for 30 days), and effect of crude extract on reproductive organs and fertility was investigated. The treatment Caused decrease in weight of testis, sperm count and the histological examination revealed a reduction in the size of seminiferous tubules along with the thickness of germinal epithelial cells, though some of the epithelial cells and interstitial cells of leydig showed hypertrophy. Moreover, the lumen of the tubules was found to be devoid of sperms. On the other hand, in treated females no histological changes could be observed. The only marked change, which could be visualized, was the slight disruption of estrous cycle having prolonged metaestrus phase, which has been increased by 145.28 %. The overall duration of estrous cycle had been extended by more than one day. The hormonal profile was also influenced by the Bougainvillea spectabilis extract. The testosterone and estrogen levels were significantly decreased.

scholarly journals Germ cell connectivity enhances cell death in response to DNA damage in the Drosophila testis

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L Lu ◽  
Yukiko M Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Drosophila Testis

Two broadly known characteristics of germ cells in many organisms are their development as a ‘cyst’ of interconnected cells and their high sensitivity to DNA damage. Here we provide evidence that in the Drosophila testis, connectivity serves as a mechanism that confers to spermatogonia a high sensitivity to DNA damage. We show that all spermatogonia within a cyst die synchronously even when only a subset of them exhibit detectable DNA damage. Mutants of the fusome, an organelle that is known to facilitate intracyst communication, compromise synchronous spermatogonial death and reduces overall germ cell death. Our data indicate that a death-promoting signal is shared within the cyst, leading to death of the entire cyst. Taken together, we propose that intercellular connectivity supported by the fusome uniquely increases the sensitivity of the germline to DNA damage, thereby protecting the integrity of gamete genomes that are passed on to the next generation.

scholarly journals RUELLIA TUBEROSA LINN. ACTS AS ANTI-FERTILITY AGENT THAT REDUCES SPERM COUNT, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MALE SWISS ALBINO MICE (MUS-MUSCULUS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pardeshi M. H. ◽  
Deshmukh A. A. ◽  
Gajare K. A.
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Sperm Suspension ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: Fertility control is an issue of global public health. Many of the contraceptives available today have one or the other side effects. Many plants and plant products are suggested as contraceptives in folk and traditional systems of medicine. However, that are least exploited in this regard. In the present investigation, root powder of Ruellia tuberosa was studied for its effect on male reproduction in mice.Methods: The Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus of age three months were grouped into four, i)control group, fed on standard pellet, ii)experimental groups I and II received root powder of Ruellia tuberosa 50 mg/mouse/days for 15 d and 30 d respectively in the pellets, iii)positive control groups I and II received cotton seed oil 25 µl/mouse/day for 15 and 30 d and iv)recovery group received Ruellia tuberosa (50 mg/mouse/days) containing pellets for 15 d and later standard pellet for 15 d. Cauda epididymis sperm suspension was analyzed for sperm count, motility and viability.Results: There was a highly significant decrease in sperm count, motility and viability (p<0.001) in experimental groups I and II and positive control groups I and II. The sperm count was reduced to 19.24±1.74 million/ml and 15.97±5.61 million/ml as compared to sperm count in control group (55.12±4.63 million/ml) in experimental groups. Partial reversal of the effect was noticed in a recovery group.Conclusion: The results suggest that Ruellia tuberosa can be a potent member of reversible oral male contraceptives.

α-Lipoic acid attenuates transplacental nicotine-induced germ cell and oxidative DNA damage in adult mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santo K. Anto ◽  
Naresh Koyada ◽  
Sabbir Khan ◽  
Gopabandhu Jena
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Testicular Weight

AbstractBackground:Smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous fetal and developmental complications and reproductive dysfunctions in the offspring. Nicotine is one of the key chemicals of tobacco responsible for addiction. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) during the transplacental nicotine-induced germ cell and DNA damage in the offspring of Swiss mice.Methods:Pregnant mice were treated with nicotine (20 mg/kg/day) in drinking water from 10 to 20 days of gestation period, and ALA (120 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for the same period. Endpoint of evaluation includes general observations at delivery and throughout the study, litter weight and size, sperm count and sperm head morphology, while structural damages and protein expression were assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results:Maternal nicotine exposure led to decreased growth rate, litter and testicular weight, testosterone level, 3β-HSD expression and sperm count as well as increased sperm head abnormalities, micronucleus frequency and 8-oxo-dG positive cells, and the effects have been restored by ALA supplementation.Conclusions:The present study clearly demonstrated that ALA ameliorates nicotine-associated oxidative stress, DNA damage and testicular toxicity in the offspring by improving steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and sperm count.

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