Housing Tenure and Social Vulnerability to Disasters: A Review of the Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Young Lee ◽  
Shannon Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Policies And Programs

As a group, renters experience a broader range of housing problems than do owners, and disasters worsen these problems. Yet to date, housing tenure has been relatively understudied compared to other vulnerability characteristics. This review addresses the differences in housing needs faced by renters and owners during and after a disaster. It examines variation between renters and owners, recent studies of a disaster’s impacts on each group by disaster phase, and disaster-related housing policies and programs. This research explores significant questions related to the housing needs of renters in times of disaster, yielding important insights for policy makers and local planners.

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

Interactionist Tools for Assessing Community Resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden Leap
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Policies And Programs

This chapter contends that classic and contemporary research by symbolic interactionists, and those in closely related theoretical traditions, can provide an effective toolkit for enriching assessments of how resilience unfolds in practice. This is especially important if we hope to develop and implement policies and programs that have a greater potential for enhancing communities' abilities to effectively respond to socio-ecological disruptions. The chapter discusses resilience theory before addressing how interactionist work on institutions as well as interactions between humans and nonhumans—what can be referred to as (non)human interactions—can enrich considerations of resilience. Socio-ecological resilience theory has increasingly been utilized by scholars, development officials, and policy makers to assess whether and how communities can be sustained in response to disruptions related to a range of socio-ecological processes such as floods, epidemics, climate change, and economic downturns. Paralleling others who advocate employing multiple theoretical traditions to better assess the intricate complexities of resilience, instead of arguing that symbolic interaction should supplant other approaches to studying resilience, the chapter emphasizes that symbolic interactionism can complement and extend existing research on resilience.

Housing for People with Disabilities: A Review of State Olmstead and HUD Consolidated Plans

2019 ◽  
pp. 0739456X1984456
Author(s):  
Lynn McCormick ◽  
Alex Schwartz ◽  
Chiara Passerini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Ordered State ◽  
Made In

Although some scholars have discussed the serious shortage of appropriate housing for people with disabilities, planners and housing policy makers have been largely silent on this issue. We summarize the literature, to date, about the housing needs of people with disabilities in the United States. We investigate what progress states have made in addressing these needs since the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) by examining recent court-ordered state Olmstead plans and their U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Consolidated plans. We find that states are mostly aware of the size and housing needs of people with disabilities but have not yet developed sufficient programming.

Health Equity in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kia Lilly Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Black Movement ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Successes And Challenges

This book highlights Brazil’s successes and challenges in its quest to provide quality healthcare to all of its citizens, particularly women and Afro-Brazilians. By exploring how health activists and policy makers have attempted to address gender and racial health inequities from the early 1980s to the mid-2010s, this book provides new insights into the Brazilian government’s efforts to meet the needs of populations that are often marginalized on the basis of race and/or gender. The methodological approach used in this book combines analysis of health activism within the women’s movement, black movement, and black women’s movement with examination of health policies and programs at the local, state, and federal level. In addition, the intersectional approach used in this project places health policies for women in dialogue with health policies for the black population. Through use of an intersectional approach that views race, gender, and class as co-occurring and inseparable aspects of identity and social experience, as well as policy formulation, this book sheds light on the effectiveness of Brazilian health policies in meeting the needs of African-descendant women in the country.

scholarly journals Children in out-of-home care in Australia: International comparisons

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Tilbury ◽  
June Thoburn
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Children In Care

As governments increasingly search globally for strategies to improve child welfare outcomes, it is vital to consider how policies and programs developed in other countries are likely to suit local conditions. Routinely collected child welfare administrative data can provide contextual information for cross-national comparisons. This article examines out-of-home care in Australia compared to other developed countries, and explores possible explanations for differences in patterns and trends. In doing so, it also examines the similarities and differences between NSW, Victoria and Queensland. It is argued that a sound understanding of how out-of-home care is used, the profile of children in care and the influences on data can assist policy makers to match proposed solutions to clearly understood current problems. The imperative is to plan and implement policies and programs that locate out-of-home care within a range of child welfare services that meet the diverse needs of children and families within local contexts.

scholarly journals Prospect of Transition into Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries: An Analysis of Brazilian Public Programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria De Oliveira ◽  
Lívia Regina Batista
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Policies And Programs

The cause of many environmental problems currently discussed may be imputed to current standard of production and consumption of energy, which is not consistent to the sustainable development's concept. On the other hand, energy is a key element of modern society and, without an adequate supply, its development will be limited. Thus, it is clear that the demand for energy, particularly in development countries, shall grow in coming years; so it is up to policy makers to develop mechanisms and encourage a transition into renewable (or sustainable) energy sources. At that point, the Environmental Law must operate along with the policy makers, by coordinating the necessary means to achieve predetermined goals, through public policies and programs - which are generically composed of command and control instruments and economic instruments. This study aims to illustrate those challenges with the discussion of two public programs implemented in Brazil for those purposes: "Light for All" and "Program of Incentives for Alternative Energy Sources" - PROINFRA.

Addressing the Urban Housing Problem: Does Subsidizing Homeownership Best Meet the Housing Needs of Urban Squatter Households?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-144
Author(s):  
Toby C. Monsod
Keyword(s):  
Urban Housing ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Housing Choice ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
Housing Programs ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Housing Needs

Urban housing programs in the Philippines have narrowly focused on maximizing the output of new houses and sites for sale at below market prices, an approach that presumes that subsidizing homeownership is the best way to meet the housing needs of urban squatter households. By estimating housing choice in an urban setting and measuring the responses of squatter households to changes in housing costs and different housing policies, this paper demonstrates otherwise.

Older LGB&T housing in the UK: challenges and solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Wathern ◽  
Robert William Green
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper considers the challenges and solutions in relation to older lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGB&T) housing in the UK. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key housing issues and concerns affecting older LGB&T people in the UK, and ways in which these might be addressed. Design/methodology/approach This is a practical discussion which focusses on the issues of policies and provision in relation to older LGB&T housing in the UK, both specialist and mainstream housing. Findings There is a growing body of literature from both the voluntary sector and academic researchers highlighting the housing issues affecting older LGB&T people. There is a need for both specialist and appropriate mainstream housing provision. However, policy and funding issues constrain the creation and/or development of such provision. Practical implications Policy makers and housing providers in the UK need to address, and meet, the diverse housing needs of older LGB&T people. Social implications Until their housing needs are met, many older LGB&T people remain concerned about their housing futures, and may end up living in housing which is not their preference and which is not suitable for them. Originality/value This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the work of Stonewall Housing’s network for older LGB&T people, and the challenges and solutions which have been identified in relation to their housing issues and concerns.

Weak economic institutions in Africa: a destiny or design?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-919
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Alhassan ◽  
Abdulhakeem Abdullahi Kilishi
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Policies And Programs

Purpose The primacy of institutions for economic progress has been established in the literature. Yet, less research attention is paid to the existence and persistence of weak economic institutions in Africa. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the determinants of the quality of economic institutions in Africa. Design/methodology/approach Hausman–Taylor instrumental variable estimator of panel regression was employed for a sample of 43 Sub-Sahara African countries over the period 1995–2017. Findings The study finds that the existence and persistence of weak economic institutions in Africa is more of design than destiny. That is, weak economic institutions are created and sustained more by bad political institutions rather than cultural diversity and geographical factors. Therefore, strong political institutions need to be entrenched to reverse the equilibrium of weak economic institutions and dismal economic performance in the continent. Practical implications The study provides deep understanding of the determinants of economic institutions. This is imperative for policy makers, development agencies and stakeholders in designing viable economic policies and programs for the continent. Originality/value The novelty of the study is rooted in the examination of the factors responsible for the development and persistence of weak economic institutions in Africa. The idea is original because previous studies focus on political institutions and neglected economic institutions.

Exposure, Social Vulnerability and Recovery Disparities in New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy

2014 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Cutter ◽  
Ronald L. Schumann ◽  
Christopher T. Emrich
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Small Business Administration

Hurricane Sandy's 80 mph wind speeds did not achieve major hurricane status on the Saffir-Simpson scale, yet the storm had extreme consequences for the New York metropolitan area. Post-event recovery has been quite variable across the region, especially in New Jersey. This paper examines the progression of recovery at two time intervals — 6 months and 1 year after the storm made landfall. Based on in situ observations of reconstruction and repair within the surge damage zone along New Jersey's coast (N = 765 locations or points), we hypothesize that the timing and distribution of recovery is based on exposure (water depth, prior flood experience, building heights), vulnerability (social vulnerability, seasonal occupancy), and government support (FEMA assistance, Small Business Administration loans). Predictions of recovery (recovered, not recovered) based on these input measures is quite good at 6 months (80 percent correctly predicted) with slight improvements at 1 year (82 percent correctly predicted). The model is much better at predicting recovered points than recovering. In terms of the individual factors predicting recovery the level of exposure is the most significant, statewide. Within the two most affect counties — Monmouth and Ocean — only water depth and building height were significant predictors. Housing tenure (seasonal occupancy) was an important predictor of the location and timing of recovery for the first 6 months, especially in Monmouth County, but became insignificant thereafter. Government support in the form of FEMA individual assistance grants was a significant predictor statewide in both time periods. Clearly other factors are influencing the pace and location of recovery including confusion surrounding flood hazard zones and insurance. Those factors influencing the lack of recovery for the roughly 20 percent of our observations awaits further, more detailed analyses.

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