A Quantitative Study on Gender Differences in Disclosing Child Sexual Abuse and Reasons for Nondisclosure

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5255-5275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Okur ◽  
Leontien M. van der Knaap ◽  
Stefan Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abuse Characteristics ◽  
Disclosure Rate

Despite the available literature on disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about how gender affects disclosure. This article aims to quantitatively examine whether gender differences exist in formal (to legal or child protection authorities) and informal (to a family member or friend) disclosure of CSA and, if so, to assess whether this relation is associated with abuse characteristics and attitudes toward gender roles. The study also aimed to examine whether gender differences exist in reasons not to disclose CSA. Data of a sample of 586 participants, who reported to have experienced CSA committed by a single person, have been used for the analyses. There were no gender differences for formal disclosure, but the informal disclosure rate of CSA was 2.4 times higher for women than men, and this effect remained significant after controlling for abuse characteristics and attitudes, even though the gender difference decreased slightly. Furthermore, women and men reported different reasons for not disclosing CSA in their personal network. Women were more worried than men that family and friends would discover the abuse and reported more insecurity of what to do in this situation. Professionals in the field of CSA should consider a gender perspective when developing guidelines. Men have rarely been the subject of studies of disclosure after CSA. Professionals should focus more on general mental health outcomes of men that are not related with CSA directly, but where the effects of CSA may exert more indirectly through associations with other problems in life.

scholarly journals Early Prevention of Maternal Sexual Abuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Gerke ◽  
Tatjana Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
Research Findings

AbstractChild sexual abuse has been discussed thoroughly; however, marginalized groups of victims such as victims of child sexual abuse in early childhood and victims of maternal sexual abuse have rarely been considered. This essay combines these two relevant perspectives in child protection and aims to pin out future directions in the field of child abuse and specifically maternal sexual abuse and its early prevention. In the course of the 7th Haruv International PhD Workshop on Child Maltreatment at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, in 2019 the topics of maternal sexual abuse and early prevention of child maltreatment in Germany were discussed and intertwined. Problems concerning the specific research of maternal sexual abuse in early childhood and prevention were identified. Both, maternal sexual abuse as well as sexual abuse in early childhood, i.e. before the age of three, are underreported topics. Society still follows a “friendly mother illusion” while recent cases in German media as well as research findings indicate that the mother can be a perpetrator of child sexual abuse. Similarly, sexual abuse in early childhood, namely abuse before the age of three, is existent; although the recognition of it is difficult and young children are, in regards to their age and development especially vulnerable. They need protective adults in their environment, who are aware of sexual abuse in the first years of life. Raising awareness on marginalized or tabooed topics can be a form of prevention. An open dialog in research and practice about the so far marginalized topics of maternal sexual abuse and sexual abuse in early childhood is crucial.

Law Enforcement on Child Sexual Abuse in Manado City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Nontje Rimbing ◽  
Meiske T. Sondakh ◽  
Eske N. Worang
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Special Rules

This study investigates child sexual abuse cases that remain high in Manado as well as its law enforcement against the perpetrators, especially for underage perpetrators. By using a normative legal method, this research paper aims to examine legal materials, namely the Criminal Code and the Child Protection Law No. 35 of 2014 by collecting empirical data about law enforcement by the North Sulawesi Regional Police. The findings indicate that the law enforcement on underage perpetrators depends on the investigators in charge, in principle, under Law no. 35 of 2014, and they are detained in Child Care Centers of Tomohon. Also, this research specifically underlined that law enforcement against underage perpetrators has followed the procedures of the juvenile justice system, while the victims do need special attention of institutions outside the police. To ensure the rights to education in detention, this study suggests to make special rules regarding the obligation of teachers to provide private lessons.

scholarly journals Hukuman Kebiri terhadap Kejahatan Seksual Anak

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-582
Author(s):  
R Bondan Agung Kardono ◽  
Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya ◽  
Nur Rochaeti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
Technical Regulations

Maraknya kejahatan seksual terhadap anak, menimbulkan persepsi bahwa kebijakan hukuman penal yang ada saat ini, dipandang tidak mampu meminimalisir kejahatan seksual terhadap anak. Tulisan ini mempertanyakan bagaimana kebijakan kriminal sanksi tindakan kebiri terhadap pelaku kejahatan seksual terhadap anak yang diatur dalam PERPU No. 1 Tahun 2016 saat ini dan masa mendatang? Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yang mengkonsepkan hukum sebagai ius constitutum, ius constituendum dan hukum in concreto. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan kriminal melalui hukum pidana berupa hukuman kebiri kimia, perlu diikuti dengan Peraturan Teknis Pelaksana; (a) Pelaksanaan sanksi tindakan kebiri tidak dapat dite-rapkan untuk semua pola-pola kejahatan seksual, tetapi bersifat kasuiistis; (b) Diperlu-kan dukungan sarana prasarana sumberdaya manusia untuk teknis pelaksanaanya; (c) Diperlukan dukungan anggaran biaya yang secara tegas dimuat dalam DIPA untuk menjalankan eksekusi kebiri; (d) Diperlukan kajian akademik yang mendukung revisi atau perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak menjadi UU. Castration Punishment for Child Sexual Abuser The increasing number of child sexual abuse considered as an impact of penal punishment incapability. The aim of this research is to examine the enforcement of PERPU No.1/ 2016 specifically about crastation punismneht for child sexual abuser, currently and its future development. This is a juridical normative research by ceoncepting law as ius constitutum, ius constituendum and law in concreto. The research conclude that criminal law in the form of chemical castration punishment, needs to be followed by Implementing Technical Regulations; (a) The implementation of the castration sanction cannot be applied to all kind of  sexual abuse, but it is casuiistic in nature; (b) Infrastructure and human resources is needed for the technical implementation; (c) The inportance of financial support that’s explicitly mentioned in DIPA to enforce the castration execution; (d) Lastly, an academic study is also needed to support a revision for  Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning the stipulation of PERPU number 1 of 2016 concerning the second amendment to law number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection, transform to be a law.

scholarly journals Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9593
Author(s):  
Marta Ferragut ◽  
Margarita Ortiz-Tallo ◽  
Maria J. Blanca
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Female Perpetrator

Child sexual abuse (CSA) includes abusive contact experiences, which habitually impact the victim’s whole life. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of six CSA experiences with physical contact, including penetration, in a representative sample of the Spanish population. Participants were 1071 Spanish adults (53% males; Mage: 45.37) who completed the Child Sexual Abuse Experiences Questionnaire. The victim’s age at the first episode, the perpetrator’s characteristics, and the number of times that each experience occurred were analyzed, taking into account gender differences. Results were reported for every experience independently. The most prevalent age at the first experience was from 6 years old onwards, but with differences in some experiences. The abuses usually happened more than once, committed by the same person. The most prevalent perpetrator is a male, although a female perpetrator is more prevalent in male victims. Most of the abuses were committed by an adult acquaintance, a strange adult, and other minors, with some gender differences. The implications of the results concerning every CSA experience are discussed, highlighting their value for future research and practice, the design of preventive programs, and early detection of CSA.

Child sexual abuse: A critical analysis of social workers' role in recognising and responding to it

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Gary Wade
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
It Services ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Critical Attention

The role of social workers in safeguarding and child protection has received much critical attention in recent years, in an evolving political and social arena, where policy and practice has shifted following both public outcry of serious case reviews and subsequent policy and practice changes concerning the profession and how it services the needs of the most vulnerable in society. This article seeks to critically examine the current methodology for identifying suspected child sexual abuse signs and indicators, the evolving spectrum of abuse, including critical evaluation of current perspectives on child sexual exploitation.

Young children: the visibility paradox

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Corinne May-Chahal ◽  
Emma Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Image Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
The Subject

This chapter reviews what is known about child sexual abuse media, with a particular focus on the abuse of young children (those under the age of 10). Young children are seldom the subject of research on sexual violence, yet the online-facilitated sexual abuse of these children is known to exist. In the past, child sexual abuse has been described as a hidden phenomenon that is made visible through a child's disclosure or evidence in and on their bodies. Online child sexual victimisation (OCSV) experienced by young children is still hidden in this traditional sense but at the same time highly visible through images that are both detached from the child yet traumatically attached through their creation and continued circulation throughout childhood. Indeed, most of what can be known about OCSV and younger children is through analyses of images harvested online and analyses of law enforcement and non-governmental organisation (NGO) image databases. These sources suggest that OCSV involving young children is different from that experienced by those who are older. It more often involves parents, carers, and family members; it is legally and developmentally impossible for children to consent to it; and images and videos of the abuse are more likely to be trafficked.

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