Factor Structure of the Communication Patterns Questionnaire in Violence-Exposed Women

Understanding and addressing violence among intimate partners requires sound assessment of their communication patterns. In prior research, the 35-item, self-report Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) has been used to assess communication patterns in violent relationships. To date, psychometric analysis of the CPQ has been examined only among nonviolent couples; no studies have examined the psychometric properties of this measure in a sample of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the present study evaluated the factor structure of the CPQ in a sample of women survivors of IPV who sought mental health assessments at a university research clinic. Analyses suggested that a modified three-factor solution (constructive communication [CC], self-demand/partner withdraw [SDPW], partner demand/self-withdraw [PDSW]) provided good fit in our sample. Internal consistency estimates for each of the modified scales were acceptable and exceeded reported coefficients in prior IPV studies. Significant bivariate correlations among modified scales, and between communication patterns and aggressive behaviors, provided initial validity evidence for the CPQ scales in our sample. We found CC to be negatively associated with partner psychological aggression, PDSW to be positively associated with all forms of partner aggression and respondent psychological aggression, and SDPW to be positively associated with respondent physical and psychological aggression. The results of this study indicate that the CPQ may be an appropriate measure for assessing communication patterns in violent relationships; however, modified scoring procedures should be used. We contextualize our results within existing models of IPV and address clinical, cultural, and contextual issues in communication patterns assessment.

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The Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Swedish Version of the Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516672936 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (18) ◽

pp. 3850-3863

Author(s):

Billy Jansson ◽

Örjan Sundin

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Common Factor ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Factorial Validity ◽

Swedish Version ◽

Study Results ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Males And Females ◽

Controlling Behaviors

This study focused on the factor structure of the victimization form of the revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (CBS-R). Data from 1,218 women and men were analyzed in the study. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) failed to find support for the proposed five-factor structure of the scale, as the items on the scale were better represented by one common factor. In addition, when examining if controlling behaviors are distinct from psychological aggression, the CFA indicated that the items on the CBS-R are clearly distinguishable from the items on the psychological aggression (as measured with the subscales of the revised Conflict Tactic Scales [CTS2]), and that this holds for both males and females. Implications for the general use of the CBS-R and for use in conjunction with psychological aggression and physical aggression in intimate partner violence were discussed.

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Crenshaw et al. (2017) - Revised scoring and improved reliability for the Communication Patterns Questionnaire

10.31234/osf.io/v7bcu ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander O. Crenshaw ◽

Andrew Christensen ◽

Donald H. Baucom ◽

Norman B. Epstein ◽

Brian Baucom

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Communication Patterns ◽

Self Report ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Couple Communication ◽

Individual Outcomes ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Demand Withdraw

The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ; Christensen, 1987) is a widely used self-report measure of couple communication behavior and is well-validated for assessing the demand/withdraw interaction pattern, which is a robust predictor of poor relationship and individual outcomes (Schrodt, Witt, & Shimkowski, 2013). However, no studies have examined the CPQ’s factor structure using analytic techniques sufficient by modern standards, nor have any studies replicated the factor structure using additional samples. Further, the current scoring system uses fewer than half of the total items for its four subscales, despite the existence of unused items that have content conceptually consistent with those subscales. These characteristics of the CPQ have likely contributed to findings that subscale scores are often troubled by sub-optimal psychometric properties such as low internal reliability (e.g., Christensen, Eldridge, Catta-Preta, Lim, & Santagata, 2006). The present study uses exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on four samples to re-examine the factor structure of the CPQ to improve scale score reliability and to determine if including more items in the subscales is warranted. Results indicate that a three-factor solution (constructive communication and two demand/withdraw scales) provides the best fit for the data. That factor structure was confirmed in the replication samples. Compared with the original scales, the revised scales include additional items that expand the conceptual range of the constructs, substantially improve reliability of scale scores, and demonstrate stronger associations with relationship satisfaction and sensitivity to change in therapy. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.

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Short Stress State Questionnaire

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000200 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 20-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

William S. Helton ◽

Katharina Näswall

Keyword(s):

Stress State ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Human Performance ◽

Self Report ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Stress States ◽

Related Stress ◽

Using Data ◽

Task Conditions ◽

Multiple Samples

Conscious appraisals of stress, or stress states, are an important aspect of human performance. This article presents evidence supporting the validity and measurement characteristics of a short multidimensional self-report measure of stress state, the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ; Helton, 2004 ). The SSSQ measures task engagement, distress, and worry. A confirmatory factor analysis of the SSSQ using data pooled from multiple samples suggests the SSSQ does have a three factor structure and post-task changes are not due to changes in factor structure, but to mean level changes (state changes). In addition, the SSSQ demonstrates sensitivity to task stressors in line with hypotheses. Different task conditions elicited unique patterns of stress state on the three factors of the SSSQ in line with prior predictions. The 24-item SSSQ is a valid measure of stress state which may be useful to researchers interested in conscious appraisals of task-related stress.

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The Factor Structure of the Aggression Questionnaire With Violent Offenders

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ◽

10.1177/0306624x17691242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 1888-1905 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cathrine Pettersen ◽

Kevin L. Nunes ◽

Franca Cortoni

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Short Form ◽

Violent Offenders ◽

Self Report ◽

Violent Offender ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Aggression Questionnaire

The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) is a self-report measure of aggressiveness commonly employed in nonforensic and forensic settings and is included in violent offender pre- and posttreatment assessment batteries. The aim of the current study was to assess the fit of the four-factor model of the AQ with violent offenders ( N = 271), a population for which the factor structure of the English version of the AQ has not previously been examined. Confirmatory factor analyses did not yield support for the four-factor model of the original 29-item AQ. Acceptable fit was obtained with the 12-item short form, but careful examination of the relationships between the latent factors revealed that the four subscales of the AQ may not represent distinct aspects of aggressiveness. Our findings call into question whether the AQ optimally measures trait aggressiveness among violent offenders.

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Conceptualizing and Testing a New Tripartite Measure of Coach Interpersonal Behaviors

10.31234/osf.io/enj5w ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikita Bhavsar ◽

Nikos Ntoumanis ◽

Eleanor Quested ◽

Daniel Gucciardi ◽

Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Validity Evidence ◽

Interpersonal Behaviors ◽

Need Frustration ◽

Need Thwarting

ObjectivesVarious self-report measures based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2017) have been developed to assess athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ need supportive and thwarting behaviors. We propose that it is also conceptually important to distinguish between coaching behaviors that thwart and those that are indifferent to athletes’ psychological needs. This distinction is useful, as we contend that athletes’ degree of need frustration, and concomitant negative outcomes, are likely to be more pronounced in a coaching environment that actively thwarts (vs. is indifferent to) athletes’ needs. In this three-study paper, we outline the conceptual rationale for, the development of, and initial validity evidence for a tripartite (need supportive, thwarting, and indifferent) measure of interpersonal behaviors of coaches (TMIB-C).MethodIn Study 1, we developed 54 candidate items and gathered evidence for their face and content validity with athletes and an expert panel. Competing factor models were tested in Study 2 to determine the best representation of the measure’s factor structure. In Study 3, we tested the replication of such models and the nomological network surrounding the identified factors.ResultsIn Study 2, a 22-item, three-factor structure (supportive, thwarting, and indifferent behaviors) using exploratory structural equation modeling, demonstrated acceptable fit, good standardized factor loadings, factor correlations in the expected directions, and acceptable estimates of internal consistency. This model was replicated in Study 3. Tests of nomological networks showed that as expected, need indifference was a weaker predictor of autonomy and competence need frustration as compared to need thwarting, and the only significant predictor of irrelevant thoughts. Unexpectedly, however, need indifference was also as good as, or a better predictor than need thwarting was of exhaustion and relatedness need frustration, respectively.ConclusionsEvidence supports the TMIB-C as a parsimonious and promising measure of athletes’ perceptions of coach interpersonal behaviors. Our tripartite conceptualization and measure should be further tested in terms of its predictive utility in order to advance conceptual understanding and intervention efforts targeting interpersonal behaviors in sport, and potentially other life domains.

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Re-examining Family Communication Pattern: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies ◽

10.26710/jbsee.v2i2.26 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 101-108

Author(s):

Aziyah Abu Bakar ◽

Zarihan Samsudin ◽

Asyraf Afthanorhan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Family Communication ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Communication Patterns ◽

Communication Pattern ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Family Communication Pattern

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the model for Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) can be used to measure the communication patterns within a family.Methodology: A survey questionnaire was administered to 500 respondents but only 380 of them were deemed useable. Prior to this, a pilot study was undertaken in which an internal alpha procedure was conducted to determine the reliability of the variables for this study. Similarly, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was also performed to confirm the factor structure so that variables with low factor loading could be excluded. On the other hand, the variable with highest factor loading was identified and then rigorously explained in regard to this model.Results: More than 50% of the respondents had agreed with the item B9 of the conversation orientation and B17 of the conformity orientation thus, indicating that the model is useful in measuring the communication patterns within a family after omitting several effect indicators that had severe negative impact on estimation.Implications: When the value of factor loading of a variable is low, fitting the variable in the model will result in the model becoming a misfit that ends with a discussion about the underlying factor structure that is fruitless. This study is particularly useful for practitioners who need to identify variables that are suitable for research on family communication. Besides that, this paper also provides valuable reference for researchers to consider the adoption of RFCP based on conversation and conformity orientations in Malaysia.

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The Effect of Item Order on Psychological Aggression Reporting: An Examination With the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.7.2.125 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 125-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan C. Shorey ◽

Catherine Strauss ◽

William C. Woods ◽

Tara L. Cornelius

Keyword(s):

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Self Report ◽

Order Effects ◽

Multidimensional Measure ◽

Item Order ◽

Self Reports ◽

The Impact

Psychological aggression between intimate partners has been found to occur at high rates in college populations, but the reliability and validity of the self-report measures used to gather this information have been criticized. Some studies indicate item order may affect self-reports of victimization and perpetration of violent behaviors. In this study, we administered standardized and randomized formats of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse (MMEA; Murphy & Hoover, 1999) to study the impact question order had on self-reports of psychological aggression victimization and perpetration. Results demonstrated that women reported more frequent perpetration and victimization than men on some MMEA subscales. Furthermore, those who took the standardized format of the MMEA reported more frequent perpetration and victimization on some MMEA subscales than those who took the randomized format. However, no significant interaction effects were found between gender and format. Overall, these mixed results warrant further research on item order effects with self-report measures of intimate partner violence.

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The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire: Validation of a Shortened Version in U.S. Youths

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline R. Anderson ◽

Michael Killian ◽

Jennifer L. Hughes ◽

A. John Rush ◽

Madhukar H. Trivedi

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Self Report ◽

Questionnaire Validation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Report Measure

IntroductionResilience is a factor in how youth respond to adversity. The 88-item Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional self-report measure of resilience developed with Australian youth.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional adolescent population (n = 3,222), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to replicate the original factor structure. Over half of the adolescents were non-white and 9th graders with a mean age of 15.5.ResultsOur exploratory factor analysis shortened the measure for which we conducted the psychometric analyses. The original factor structure was not replicated. The exploratory factor analysis provided a 49-item measure. Internal consistency reliability for all 12 factors ranged from acceptable (α> 0.70–0.80). The revised factor total scores were highly and significantly correlated with item–total correlation coefficients (r > 0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis revised shorter 49-item version of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire could be deployed and has acceptable psychometric properties.

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Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Structure of Beck Anxiety Inventory in College Sample

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1876 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S108-S108

Author(s):

S. Kareemi ◽

B.M. Alansari

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽

College Sample ◽

Two Samples ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Males And Females ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionThe Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory used to assess anxiety levels in adults and adolescents in both clinical and non-clinical populations. The values for each item are summed yielding an overall or total score for all 21 symptoms that can range between 0 and 63 points. A total score of 0–7 is interpreted as a “Minimal” level of anxiety; 8–15 as “Mild”; 16–25 as “Moderate”, and; 26–63 as “Severe”. There is no study until this date that examines the Explanatory and confirmatory factor structure factor structure of BAI in college student in Kuwaiti.ObjectivesThe current study investigated the original four-factor structure of the (BAI) in non-clinical sample of college students.MethodsSample one consisted of 540 males and females while sample two consisted of 600 males and females from Kuwait University undergraduates. The Arabic version of BAI was administered to participants. Explanatory factor analysis based on sample one and conformity factor analysis based on sample 2.ResultsThe results revealed four factor structures of BAI in the two samples of Kuwaiti students. Which included neurophysiological, subjective, autonomic, and panic factors.ConclusionsThe results of both confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis indicated that the original four-factor structures of the BAI do provide the best fit for the college sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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The Predictive Utility of Psychological Aggression for Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.5.1.83 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 83-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Katie Lee Salis ◽

Jessica Salwen ◽

K. Daniel O’Leary

Keyword(s):

Physical Aggression ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Couples Therapy ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Self Report ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Conflict Tactics ◽

The Relationship ◽

Report Measure

Although psychological aggression has been identified as a risk factor for physical aggression, the prevalence of psychological aggression is much higher than that of physical aggression. To further understand the relationship between psychological and physical aggression, the level of psychological aggression at which physical aggression becomes more likely was evaluated. A representative sample of 268 men and 299 women responded anonymously to a self-report measure of aggression (revised Conflict Tactics Scale [CTS-2]) at baseline, and then 1 year later. Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, this study evaluated the level of psychological aggression that is necessary before it is likely that one will be physically aggressive. When one was at the 80th percentile of psychological aggression, there was a 70% probability that a man would be physically aggressive and 85% probability that a woman would be physically aggressive. Longitudinally, when one was at the 80th percentile of psychological aggression at Time 1, there was a 40% probability that a man would be physically aggressive and 45% probability that a woman would be physically aggressive at Time 2. CTS-2 psychological decile scores are provided along with the probability of physical aggression to assist clinicians in interpreting client scores. Implications for research and couples therapy are discussed.

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