Introduction to Special Issue: New Developments in Public Defense Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-799
Author(s):  
Janet Moore ◽  
Andrew L. B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Public Defense ◽  
Client Communication ◽  
Defense Research ◽  
Insight Into

This special issue focuses on interdisciplinary research in public defense. Seven papers represent a diverse group of scholars in an understudied field. Two overarching themes emerge. The first theme, “System Interventions: Evaluating Programs and Identifying Opportunities,” includes three studies of innovative policies and practices. Two evaluate new resource injections that support, respectively, social work-initiated holistic defense and counsel at first appearance. The third examines state sentencing schemes to identify opportunities for emphasizing defendant assets instead of deficits. The second theme, “Understanding Decision Makers,” includes four papers drawing on qualitative data regarding juvenile resentencing and reentry, defendant views of attorney–client communication, defender motivations for remaining in the profession, and manager perspectives on likely effects of caseload reductions. As a collection, these papers bridge gaps between theory and practice, offer new insight into public defense as a critical component of criminal legal systems, and identify new avenues for future research.

scholarly journals COMPOSITE INDEX TO MEASURE THE PERFORMANCE OF TODAY’S CREATIVE CITIES: A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida RODRIGUES ◽  
Mário FRANCO
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Overall Performance

The urgency to make today’s cities competitive has made political decision-makers focus on strategies oriented towards creativity, intelligence and urban sustainability. This scenario has led to the need to measure, assess and monitor the effects of those strategies on cities’ performance. Therefore, this study aims to present the scientific and robust weighting of the creativity, intelligence and urban sustainability dimensions in cities’ holistic, integrated and overall performance. Implicit in this objective is the previous construction of Composite Indices for each of those dimensions. In this context, the Exploratory Factor Analysis was found to be appropriate to respond to this aim, with empirical evidence being obtained in Portugal. The results show a weighting of 38%, 23.4% and 39.6% for creativity, intelligence and urban sustainability respectively. The contributions and implications for theory and practice, followed by indications for future research and the conclusions are also presented.

scholarly journals A set of motives to unite them all?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra ◽  
Rajneesh Narula
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the debate forum on internationalization motives of this special issue of Multinational Business Review. Design/methodology/approach – The authors reflect on the background and evolution of the internationalization motives over the past few decades, and then provide suggestions for how to use the motives for future analyses. The authors also reflect on the contributions to the debate of the accompanying articles of the forum. Findings – There continue to be new developments in the way in which firms organize themselves as multinational enterprises (MNEs), and this implies that the “classic” motives originally introduced by Dunning in 1993 need to be revisited. Dunning’s motives and arguments were deductive and atheoretical, and these were intended to be used as a toolkit, used in conjunction with other theories and frameworks. They are not an alternative to a classification of possible MNE strategies. Originality/value – This paper and the ones that accompany it, provide a deeper and nuanced understanding on internationalization motives for future research to build on.

The Micro-Foundations of International Relations Theory: Psychology and Behavioral Economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (S1) ◽  
pp. S249-S263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Gross Stein
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Micro Foundations

AbstractAlmost forty years ago, a small group of scholars drew on cognitive psychology to explain anomalous patterns of behavior by leaders on issues of international security. Although it made significant contributions to theory and research, that scholarship did not diffuse broadly into the field. Drawing on concepts in psychology and behavioral economics, research that uses new methods is now producing a wave of scholarship in international relations exemplified by the work in this special issue. Analysis of the use of prospect theory over the last three decades identifies the scope conditions that enable the predictions of rational choice and psychological theories. These scope conditions motivate the focus on the heterogeneity of decision makers that is at the core of current contributions. Future research will move beyond the now-sterile debate between rational choice and psychology.

scholarly journals Introduction to a special issue entitled Perspectives on Implementing Benefit-Cost Analysis in Climate Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran Sussman ◽  
Anne Grambsch ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Christopher P. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract:Over the past half-century or more, economists have developed a robust literature on the theory and practice of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as applied to diverse projects and policies. Recent years have seen a growing demand for practical applications of BCA to climate change policy questions. As economists seek to meet this demand, they face challenges that arise from the nature of climate change impacts, such as the long time frame and the potential for non-marginal changes, the importance of intangible effects, and the need to grapple with Knightian uncertainty. As a result of these and other characteristics of climate change, many of the fundamental tenets of BCA are coming under scrutiny and the limits of BCA’s methodological and practical boundaries are being tested. This special issue assembles a set of papers that review the growing body of literature on the economics of climate change. The papers describe the state of the literature valuing climate change impacts, both globally and at more disaggregated levels. The papers also discuss the challenges economists face in applying BCA to support climate change decision making and adaptation planning. This introduction provides background and context on the current use of BCA in climate change analysis, and sets each paper firmly in that context, identifying also areas for future research. While the challenges in conducting BCA and interpreting its results are significant, across the papers it becomes clear that economic analysis in general, and the tools and methods of BCA in particular, have a central role to play in supporting decision-making about how to respond to climate change.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Novel Translational Applications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Pasquale Ambrosino ◽  
Anna Lanzillo ◽  
Mauro Maniscalco
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Lung Abnormalities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for a global emergency, with the declaration of a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ranging from a mild illness to a serious condition requiring hospitalization in an intensive care unit. Furthermore, reports of persistent lung abnormalities and residual disability after a negative swab test suggest the presence of a post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, with the need for multidisciplinary rehabilitation strategies in the majority of survivors. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the acute and post-acute manifestations of COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated. In this Special Issue, a number of review and original articles provided a stimulating insight into the pathophysiology and diagnostics of COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Moreover, some novel prognostic and therapeutic applications were analyzed, with potential repercussions in clinical practice and future research. The need for further laboratory and translational research seems to emerge from this collection of articles, with the aim of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 at different stages of the disease. This could enable personalized prevention, interventional and rehabilitation strategies aimed at reducing disease progression and long-term disability.

And One More for the Road: Commentary on the Special Issue on Alcohol and Eyewitness Memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve M. J. Janssen ◽  
Michele Anne
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Eyewitness Memory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Insight Into

Studies examining the influences of alcohol intoxication have reported mixed findings on whether it impairs eyewitness memory. Although the studies in this Special Issue investigated different questions and tested different variables, the findings of these studies collectively provide insight into mechanisms and methodological issues that may explain the ambiguous findings of alcohol intoxication and eyewitness memory. In this commentary, we first describe the experimental studies of this Special Issue. We then discuss four mechanisms that could underlie those mixed findings (alcohol myopia, disinhibition, hypervigilance, meta-cognitive processes at retrieval). Last, we address methodological issues that may have contributed to those ambiguous findings (i.e., alcohol intoxication levels, automatic processing of stimuli, sensitivity of dependent variables, and possible interactions with arousal), and provide suggestions for future research to address these issues.

scholarly journals Value co-creation in firm sponsored online communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Priharsari ◽  
Babak Abedin ◽  
Emmanuel Mastio
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore enablers and constraints in value co-creation in sponsored online communities, and to identify firm roles in shaping value co-creation. The structured analysis is translated into strategies for practitioners and for guiding future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors systematically review and synthesise the literature to develop a comprehensive model of value co-creation. Findings The literature review findings have led to the identification of four actors in sponsored online communities, revealed enablers and constraints for value co-creation in online communities, and provided insight into the simultaneous roles of sponsoring firm (co-creator and facilitator) and the interrelationship between them. Research limitations/implications Like other systematic literature review studies, the findings are limited by what was reported in the papers selected for the review. The authors contribute to service-dominant logic (SDL) by bridging the macro level to the empirical level, and add to our understanding of the sociomateriality theory by capturing constraints and enablers coming from various actors. Practical implications The extracted enablers and constraints guide decision makers to better design, asses, monitor and support sponsored online communities. The findings also inform how to orchestrate the two sponsoring firm roles so that the online community is still attractive for the members and creates value for the sponsoring firm. Originality/value Given the variety of disciplines dealing with value co-creation, and given the plenitude of definitions and related concepts, this study consolidates the existing knowledge and models how value is co-created in online communities.

scholarly journals Assessing nitrogen dynamics in European ecosystems, integrating measurement and modelling: conclusions

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wade ◽  
C. Neal ◽  
D. Butterfield ◽  
M. N. Futter
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Initiatives

Abstract. This contribution closes this special issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences concerning the assessment of nitrogen dynamics in catchments across Europe within a semi-distributed Integrated Nitrogen model for multiple source assessment in Catchments (INCA). New developments in the understanding of the factors and processes determining the concentrations and loads of nitrogen are outlined. The ability of the INCA model to simulate the hydrological and nitrogen dynamics of different European ecosystems is assessed and the results of the first scenario analyses investigating the impacts of deposition, climatic and land-use change on the nitrogen dynamics are summarised. Consideration is given as to how well the model has performed as a generic tool for describing the nitrogen dynamics of European ecosystems across Arctic, Maritime, Continental and Mediterranean climates, its role in new research initiatives and future research requirements. Keywords: nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus, catchments, streams, rivers, river basins

scholarly journals “Let the community decide”? The vision and reality of soundness-only peer review in open-access mega-journals

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Spezi ◽  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Stephen Pinfield ◽  
Jenny Fry ◽  
Claire Creaser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Editorial Decisions ◽  
Review Criteria ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to better understand the theory and practice of peer review in open-access mega-journals (OAMJs). OAMJs typically operate a “soundness-only” review policy aiming to evaluate only the rigour of an article, not the novelty or significance of the research or its relevance to a particular community, with these elements being left for “the community to decide” post-publication. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports the results of interviews with 31 senior publishers and editors representing 16 different organisations, including 10 that publish an OAMJ. Thematic analysis was carried out on the data and an analytical model developed to explicate their significance. Findings Findings suggest that in reality criteria beyond technical or scientific soundness can and do influence editorial decisions. Deviations from the original OAMJ model are both publisher supported (in the form of requirements for an article to be “worthy” of publication) and practice driven (in the form of some reviewers and editors applying traditional peer review criteria to OAMJ submissions). Also publishers believe post-publication evaluation of novelty, significance and relevance remains problematic. Originality/value The study is based on unprecedented access to senior publishers and editors, allowing insight into their strategic and operational priorities. The paper is the first to report in-depth qualitative data relating specifically to soundness-only peer review for OAMJs, shedding new light on the OAMJ phenomenon and helping inform discussion on its future role in scholarly communication. The paper proposes a new model for understanding the OAMJ approach to quality assurance, and how it is different from traditional peer review.

Interactions between water, energy, food and environment: evolving perspectives and policy issues

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Hellegers ◽  
David Zilberman ◽  
Pasquale Steduto ◽  
Peter McCornick
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

Major changes are occurring with far reaching implications for the existing equilibria or disequilibria in the water-energy-food-environment interface. The increased demand of energy worldwide will reflect directly and indirectly on water-dependent systems. Direct implications will come from higher energy prices, which make extraction and conveyance of water more costly. Indirect implications will be in the form of demand for alternative energy sources. It triggers demand for hydropower and remains a major driver—along with some environmental policies—for biofuel expansion. The key question is how these effects may alter water allocation and influence food security, rural poverty and environmental sustainability. This paper sets the background and context of this special issue by highlighting some of the major water-related policy issues related to the subject and provides an overview and synthesis of the papers in this special issue. Besides offering insight into how these papers address these questions in the practical context of few selected countries and basins, this paper also indicates some key areas for future research on the subject.

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