Interactions between water, energy, food and environment: evolving perspectives and policy issues

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Hellegers ◽  
David Zilberman ◽  
Pasquale Steduto ◽  
Peter McCornick
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

Major changes are occurring with far reaching implications for the existing equilibria or disequilibria in the water-energy-food-environment interface. The increased demand of energy worldwide will reflect directly and indirectly on water-dependent systems. Direct implications will come from higher energy prices, which make extraction and conveyance of water more costly. Indirect implications will be in the form of demand for alternative energy sources. It triggers demand for hydropower and remains a major driver—along with some environmental policies—for biofuel expansion. The key question is how these effects may alter water allocation and influence food security, rural poverty and environmental sustainability. This paper sets the background and context of this special issue by highlighting some of the major water-related policy issues related to the subject and provides an overview and synthesis of the papers in this special issue. Besides offering insight into how these papers address these questions in the practical context of few selected countries and basins, this paper also indicates some key areas for future research on the subject.

Water, poverty and gender: an overview of issues and policies

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Maria Saleth ◽  
Madar Samad ◽  
David Molden ◽  
Intizar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender

This paper presents an overview of the theoretical, methodological and policy issues that are evident both in the extant literature on the subject as well as in the set of papers that are included in this special issue. In providing such an overview, this paper also develops an analytical framework using a schematic representation of some of the most important layers and pathways that underlie the water-poverty-gender nexus. Based on the overview and discussion, this paper attempts: (a) to indicate approaches and strategies for using water as a key instrument to address poverty and gender concerns and (b) to identify the research gaps in order to set the direction for ongoing and future research at the water-poverty-gender interface.

Past Infrastructures and Future Machine Intelligence (MI) for Biofuel Production: A Review and MI-Based Framework

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hansen ◽  
Amin Mirkouei
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Comparative Review

Recent interest in alternative energy sources, particularly biofuels from biomass, is becoming increasingly evident due to energy security and environmental sustainability concerns, such as depletion of conventional energy reserves and carbon footprint effects, respectively. Existing fuels (e.g., biodiesel and ethanol) are neither sustainable nor cost-competitive. There is a need to integrate the recent advanced manufacturing approaches and machine intelligence (MI) techniques (e.g., machine learning and artificial intelligence), targeted on the midstream segment (i.e., pre-/post-conversion processes) of biomass-to-biofuel supply chains (B2BSC). Thus, a comparative review of the existing MI approaches developed in prior studies is performed herein. This review article, additionally, proposes an MI-based framework to enhance productivity and profitability of existing biofuel production processes through intelligent monitoring and control, optimization, and data-driven decision support tools. It is further concluded that a modernized conversion process utilizing MI techniques is essential to seamlessly capture process-level intricacies and enhance techno-economic resilience and socio-ecological integrity of B2BSC.

Introduction to Special Issue: The Legacy of Columbine—Implications for Policy After 20 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Addington ◽  
Glenn W. Muschert
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Columbine High School ◽  
Twentieth Anniversary ◽  
Research And Policy

This introduction provides an overview to the special issue, which marks the twentieth anniversary of the shootings at Columbine High School by considering the effect on policy addressing school violence and mass shootings. We asked each of the contributors to consider changes in their area of interest over the past two decades as well as future research and policy issues. The resulting five contributions take various forms: three are traditional scholarly articles, one is a personal commentary, and one is an afterword that combines a scholarly format with professional reflection. In our introduction, we summarize each one. As each article identifies the need for continued work in this area, and we conclude by providing a few examples of this research.

scholarly journals Purported False Allegations of Rape, Child Abuse and Non-Sexual Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip NS Rumney ◽  
Kieran F McCartan
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Data Set ◽  
False Allegations ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Subject ◽  
False Accusations ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Research And Policy

The subject of false rape allegations is shrouded in anxiety, confusion and misunderstanding. Despite a growing body of quality research, there continue to be significant gaps in our knowledge about the topic, including the phenomenon of false allegations beyond rape and other sexual offences. The purpose of this article is to seek to deepen our understanding by examining a unique data set comprising 701 cases involving individuals who purport to have been the subject of false accusations of rape, child sexual abuse, child abuse/neglect and other forms of wrongdoing. This article aims to provide an insight into the nature and characteristics of these allegations and explore the implications of the data for several research and policy questions. It will also critically examine some of the current literature and scholarly claims in this area, particularly around the prevalence of false allegations and critique claims that discussion of this topic is dangerous and best avoided. Finally, the article sets out a future research agenda in which the complex issues raised by false allegations can be carefully considered, and the scale, impact and pathways to accusation can be better understood.

Introduction to Special Issue: New Developments in Public Defense Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-799
Author(s):  
Janet Moore ◽  
Andrew L. B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Public Defense ◽  
Client Communication ◽  
Defense Research ◽  
Insight Into

This special issue focuses on interdisciplinary research in public defense. Seven papers represent a diverse group of scholars in an understudied field. Two overarching themes emerge. The first theme, “System Interventions: Evaluating Programs and Identifying Opportunities,” includes three studies of innovative policies and practices. Two evaluate new resource injections that support, respectively, social work-initiated holistic defense and counsel at first appearance. The third examines state sentencing schemes to identify opportunities for emphasizing defendant assets instead of deficits. The second theme, “Understanding Decision Makers,” includes four papers drawing on qualitative data regarding juvenile resentencing and reentry, defendant views of attorney–client communication, defender motivations for remaining in the profession, and manager perspectives on likely effects of caseload reductions. As a collection, these papers bridge gaps between theory and practice, offer new insight into public defense as a critical component of criminal legal systems, and identify new avenues for future research.

The Concept of Mechanical Part of the Model Micro-Energy Sources for Electrical Laboratories

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Drtina ◽  
Jaroslav Lokvenc ◽  
Josef Šedivý ◽  
Jan Škoda
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Asynchronous Generator ◽  
The Subject

The use of renewable (alternative) energy sources of energy is still a hot topic. In the electrical engineering laboratories of the Department of technical subjects created a model of micro energy sources that can be operated in various operating modes to simulate in various operating conditions. The machine set is dedicated for laboratory of electric engeneering. Goal is to show students in the subject Renewable energy sources and their application, practical use and parameters an the asynchronous generator. The article deals with the mechanical concept and mechanical construction of laboratory machine set.

Abiogenic and Biogenic Petroleum Origin: A Common Theory for Geological Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Irina Volkova ◽  
Dmitry Gura ◽  
Ilia Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Petroleum Origin ◽  
New Ideas

Biogenic and abiogenic origins of petroleum are a pertinent problem today, which have been examined in this article including the current state of theories and experimental facts. The paper provides an overview of works on this subject over the past decade. As analysis of scientific research efforts, majority of scientists suggest that petroleum is organic in origin. The second theory also includes reliable facts and hypotheses about the existence of abiogenic hydrocarbons. This origin is associated with tectonic geological processes, in particular, orogenesis, rifting, excessive releases, erosion, sediment deposition, deep gas releases, etc. The results of experimental studies, the existing concepts presented in this review, show that despite disagreements between the proponents of both theories, common beliefs remain prevalent, namely, about the process of hydrocarbons formation both on Earth and other objects of the solar system. The analysis concludes that the consolidation of these theories is of high scientific interest and has great potential for confirmation of numerous hypotheses, facts from the scientific point of view and the search for alternative energy sources due to environmental and economic issues associated with the impoverishment of natural resources. This review study is valuable for generalising various scientific theories, which can be used for future research efforts and modelling new ideas about the origin of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Novel Translational Applications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Pasquale Ambrosino ◽  
Anna Lanzillo ◽  
Mauro Maniscalco
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Lung Abnormalities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for a global emergency, with the declaration of a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ranging from a mild illness to a serious condition requiring hospitalization in an intensive care unit. Furthermore, reports of persistent lung abnormalities and residual disability after a negative swab test suggest the presence of a post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, with the need for multidisciplinary rehabilitation strategies in the majority of survivors. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the acute and post-acute manifestations of COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated. In this Special Issue, a number of review and original articles provided a stimulating insight into the pathophysiology and diagnostics of COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Moreover, some novel prognostic and therapeutic applications were analyzed, with potential repercussions in clinical practice and future research. The need for further laboratory and translational research seems to emerge from this collection of articles, with the aim of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 at different stages of the disease. This could enable personalized prevention, interventional and rehabilitation strategies aimed at reducing disease progression and long-term disability.

scholarly journals Economic viability and profitability assessments of WECS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kdair Abd
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Alternative Sources

Technical and technological advances in alternative energy sources have led many countries to add green energy to their power plants to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. At present, many electricity companies are looking to use alternative sources of energy because of high electrical energy prices. Wind energy is more useful than many renewable energies such as solar, heat, biomass, etc. The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is a system that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy to feed the known loads. WECS can be found in a variety of technology. Climate change and load demand are essential determinants of WECS optimization modelling. In this paper, proposed a strategy focused primarily on economic analysis WECS. The strategy based on a weather change to find the optimal designing and modelling for four different types of WECS using HOMER software. Finally, several criteria were used to determine which type of WECS was the most profitable investment and less payback period.

Analytics

2008 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Fay Cobb Payton
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Insight Into

Business analytics (BA), often termed business intelligence (BI), applications can carefully provide insight into the (in)significance of these factors in healthcare system’s ability to treat AIDS/HIV, in general. In particular, demographic variables that relate to cultural, socioeconomic status and community dimensions of those most impacted (namely Black Americans in the United States which is the focus of this writing) by the AIDS/HIV epidemic are often disregarded. For the broader community, the questions to address are diverse. What can business analytics inform us about Black Americans infected by AIDS/HIV? What are the broader cultural issues that are not often modeled by analytical tools? How do these findings stand to impact public policy and how the healthcare community can better assist those living with the disease? In this chapter, I take on these questions by first reviewing major issues and trends in AIDS/HIV and IT literatures by focusing on health disparities in one historically underserved group, namely Black Americans. Next, I present public health conceptual framework that augments this discourse by depicting those factors uncovered in traditional information technology/systems works. This paper concludes with recommendations for future research opportunities for examining AIDS/HIV public policy issues.

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