scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Detected in Mother’s Milk Post-Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110301
Author(s):  
Jill K. Baird ◽  
Shawn M. Jensen ◽  
Walter J. Urba ◽  
Bernard A. Fox ◽  
Jason R. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Efficacy Research ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Mother’S Milk

Background The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has infected over 127 million people worldwide, with almost 2.8 million deaths at the time of writing. Since no lactating individuals were included in initial trials of vaccine safety and efficacy, research on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lactating women and the potential transmission of passive immunity to the infant through mother’s milk is needed to guide patients, clinicians, and policy makers on whether to recommend immunization during the worldwide effort to curb the spread of this virus. Research Aims (1) To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobins are found in human milk after vaccination, and (2) to characterize the time course and types of immunoglobulins present. Methods A longitudinal cohort study of lactating women ( N = 7) who planned to receive both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine between December 2020 and January 2021 provided milk samples. These were collected pre-vaccination and at 11 additional timepoints, with the last sample at 14 days after the second dose of vaccine. Samples were analyzed for levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins A and G (IgA and IgG). Results We observed significantly elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in human milk beginning approximately 7 days after the initial vaccine dose, with an IgG-dominant response. Conclusions Maternal vaccination results in SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins in human milk that may be protective for infants.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected in human breast milk post-vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Baird ◽  
Shawn M. Jensen ◽  
Walter J. Urba ◽  
Bernard A. Fox ◽  
Jason R. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Efficacy Research

ABSTRACTImportanceThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has infected over a hundred million people worldwide, with almost 2.5 million deaths at the date of this publication. In the United States, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines were first administered to the public starting in December 2020, and no lactating women were included in the initial trials of safety/efficacy. Research on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lactating women and the potential transmission of passive immunity to the infant through breast milk is needed to guide patients, clinicians and policy makers during the worldwide effort to curb the spread of this virus.ObjectiveTo determine whether SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobins are found in breast milk post-vaccination, and to characterize the time course and types of immunoglobulins present.DesignProspective cohort studySettingProvidence Portland Medical Center, Oregon, USAParticipantsSix lactating women who planned to receive both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine between December 2020 and January 2021. Breast milk samples were collected pre-vaccination and at 11 additional timepoints, with last sample at 14 days post 2nd dose of vaccine.ExposureTwo doses of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG immunoglobulins in breast milk.ResultsIn this cohort of 6 lactating women who received 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we observed significantly elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in breast milk beginning at Day 7 after the initial vaccine dose, with an IgG-dominant response.Conclusions and RelevanceWe are the first to show that maternal vaccination results in SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins in breast milk that may be protective for infants.

scholarly journals Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Tok Kurt ◽  
Çağlar Gökırmaklı ◽  
Zeynep B Guzel-Seydim
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Pathogenic Organism ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Background: Human milk contains the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of babies as it contains essential bioactive components to support the immune system. Galactooligosaccharides which are important indigestible prebiotics, help multiply the growth of beneficial microorganisms selectively and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organism. The nutrition of the mother is essential since it affects the composition of mother’s milk. Kefir affects the digestive system, lactose intolerance immune system, anti-microbial effects, probiotic and prebiotic features. However, there is no report on how kefir consumption may have effects on composition of mother’s milk. In this aspect, this study aimed to determine the effects of kefir consumption on the carbohydrate profiles of the mother’s milk. Methods: This study started immediately after birth, mothers were fed with 500 ml/day of kefir made from kefir grains for 30 days in the KF group. Mothers who are in the control group (KI) continued their regular diet. Mother’s milk was collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day and stored at 4ºC. Carbohydrate profile including GOS was determined using the liquid chromatographic method with the HI-PLEX column.Results: The mean lactose concentrations of mother’s milk who consumed kefir were 4,68; 4,72; 5,89 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th, respectively. Glucose concentrations were 0,29; 0,08; 0,21 g/100ml on 10th, 20th, 30th days, respectively. For the mother’s milk samples in the control group, the averages of lactose concentration were 5,42; 5,73; 5,51 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th. GOS peaks were specified depending on the rich content of prebiotics. Conclusion: Consumption of authentic kefir may have effect on carbohydrate profile, including GOS of mother’s milk. Keywords: Human milk, kefir, prebiotic, galactooligosaccharides  

Multilocus sequence typing of bifidobacterial strains from infant’s faeces and human milk: are bifidobacteria being sustainably shared during breastfeeding?

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Makino ◽  
R. Martin ◽  
E. Ishikawa ◽  
A. Gawad ◽  
H. Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk

Bifidobacteria are considered to be one of the most important beneficial intestinal bacteria for infants, contributing to the priming of the mucosal immune system. These microbes can also be detected in mother’s milk, suggesting a potential role of human milk in the colonisation of infant’s gut. However, little is known about the timing of bacteria appearance in human milk, and whether human milk is the first source of inoculation. Here, we investigated whether specific strains are shared sustainably between maternal milk and infant’s gut. Faecal samples and human milk were collected from 102 healthy mother-infant pairs (infant’s faeces: meconium, 7, 30 days of age; mother’s milk: once before delivery, colostrum, 7, 30 days after delivery). Bifidobacterial strains were isolated from these samples, and were discriminated by means of multilocus sequencing typing. No bifidobacteria were detected from human milk collected before delivery, or colostrum. Strains were isolated only from human milk samples obtained 7 days after birth or later. On the other hand, bifidobacterial strains were obtained from infant’s faeces throughout the study period, sometimes as early as the first day of life (meconium). We have found that bifidobacterial species belonging to Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum could be identified as monophyletic between infant’s faeces and their mother’s milk. These strains were confirmed to be sustainably shared between maternal milk and infant’s gut. Moreover, monophyletic strains were isolated at the same time point or earlier from infant’s faeces than from human milk, and none were isolated earlier from human milk than from infant’s faeces. Although it remains unclear whether human milk is the first source of microbes for infants, our results confirm that human milk is a reservoir of bifidobacteria, and specific strains are shared between infant’s intestine and human milk during breastfeeding.

scholarly journals The Bacteriology of Human Milk

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard S. Dudgeon ◽  
Reginald C. Jewesbury
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Breast Fed

This enquiry into the bacteriology of human milk was prompted by our recent investigation of a case of entero-colitis in a breast-fed infant. In this case an abundant growth of a streptococcus was obtained from the faeces of the infant which was identical as far as we could determine with a streptococcus isolated from the mother's milk.

scholarly journals Cost analysis showed that feeding preterm infants with donor human milk was significantly more expensive than mother’s milk or formula

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Fengler ◽  
Matthias Heckmann ◽  
Anja Lange ◽  
Axel Kramer ◽  
Steffen Flessa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk

Inhibitors of osteoblastogenesis in early human milk and maternal serum: evidence for protective properties of mother’s milk on bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina D. Briana ◽  
Stavroula Gavrili ◽  
Sophia Georgantzi ◽  
Antonios Marmarinos ◽  
Konstantinos Voulgaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Early Human

scholarly journals IgGs from Human Milk Hydrolyze microRNAs

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2366
Author(s):  
Ivan Yu. Kompaneets ◽  
Evgeny A. Ermakov ◽  
Sergey E. Sedykh ◽  
Valentina N. Buneva ◽  
Georgy A. Nevinsky
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Catalytic Antibodies ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Average Individual

Mother’s milk provides breast-fed infants with various nutrients, including peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, antibodies, and other bioactive components promoting neonatal growth and protecting infants from viral and bacterial infection. The functions of many human milk components regarding the nutrition and protection of newborns may be very different compared to those of various biological fluids of healthy adults. For example, human milk contains catalytic antibodies (abzymes) with protein, lipid, and oligosaccharide kinase activities, which are absent in the biological fluids of healthy people and autoimmune patients. Obviously, the nutrition of infants with fresh breast milk is a special phenomenon having a very specific and important role. Here, we have shown that mother’s milk IgGs effectively split homo-(pN)23, and four miRNAs: miR-137, miR-219a-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-9-5p. It was shown that ribonuclease activity is a unique property of milk IgGs. On average, individual IgGs hydrolyze (pA)23, (pU)23, and (pC)23 nonspecifically and with comparable efficiency, whereas the hydrolysis of four miRNAs is predominately site-specific. The specific sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by IgGs from the blood of schizophrenic (SCZ) patients and secretory immunoglobulins A (sIgAs) from human milk were found earlier. The sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by milk IgGs and sIgA-abzymes are almost the same, but are significantly different in comparison with those for SCZ IgGs. In addition, in contrast to the SCZ IgGs, milk IgGs and sIgAs efficiently hydrolyzed miRNAs in the duplex regions formed by their terminal sequences.

scholarly journals Satiety Factors Oleoylethanolamide, Stearoylethanolamide, and Palmitoylethanolamide in Mother’s Milk Are Strongly Associated with Infant Weight at Four Months of Age—Data from the Odense Child Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Bruun ◽  
Sandra Gouveia-Figueira ◽  
Magnus Domellöf ◽  
Steffen Husby ◽  
Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Triceps Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Weight For Age

Regulation of appetite and food intake is partly regulated by N-acylethanolamine lipids oleoylethanolamide (OEA), stearoylethanolamide (SEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which induce satiety through endogenous formation in the small intestine upon feeding, but also when orally or systemic administered. OEA, SEA, and PEA are present in human milk, and we hypothesized that the content of OEA, SEA, and PEA in mother’s milk differed for infants being heavy (high weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ)) or light (low WAZ) at time of milk sample collection. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of OEA, SEA, and PEA in milk samples collected four months postpartum from mothers to high (n = 50) or low (n = 50) WAZ infants. Associations between OEA, SEA, and PEA concentration and infant anthropometry at four months of age as well as growth from birth were investigated using linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for birth weight, early infant formula supplementation, and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Mean OEA, SEA, and PEA concentrations were lower in the high compared to the low WAZ group (all p < 0.02), and a higher concentration of SEA was associated with lower anthropometric measures, e.g., triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (β = −2.235, 95% CI = −4.04, −0.43, p = 0.016), and weight gain per day since birth (g) (β = −8.169, 95% CI = −15.26, −1.08, p = 0.024). This raises the possibility, that the content of satiety factors OEA, SEA, and PEA in human milk may affect infant growth.

Quality Assurance in Lactation: Reliability of OM-6050 Station System to Test Mother’s Milk Osmolality

2020 ◽  
pp. 089033442097612
Author(s):  
Laura Macias-Muñoz ◽  
Ana Herranz Barbero ◽  
Robin Wijngaard ◽  
Mª. Dolors Salvia-Roigés ◽  
Naira Rico
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Preterm Baby ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother’S Milk

Background Mother’s own milk does not provide enough nutrients to feed a preterm baby born before 32 weeks’ gestation; therefore, human milk fortifiers are needed. However, human milk fortifiers increase the osmolality, and enteral administration of high osmolality fluids has been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary for laboratories to have a validated system in order to measure human milk osmolality. Research aim The aim of this study was to validate the OM-6050 Station System for measuring the osmolality of fortified mother’s milk samples. Methods Osmolality was measured using the osmometer OM-6050 Station System. Milk samples from healthy mothers ( N = 3) unfortified and with two fortifiers (Almirón Fortifier® or NAN FM85®), as well as a nutritional supplement (Duocal MCT®) were used in the validation study through precision and linearity analysis. Results In the precision study the mean intra-assay coefficient of variation was 1.2% and 1.7% for mother’s milk and fortified mother’s milk, respectively. The mean inter-assay coefficient of variation was ≤ 1% in both cases. In the linearity study the regression analysis had a linear response to fortified mother’s milk osmolality between 294 mOsm/kg and 539 mOsm/kg. Conclusion The osmometer OM-6050 Station was reliable for determining the osmolality of fortified and unfortified mother’s milk. It may be useful in the clinical practices within Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

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