Nitrogen, Fat, Ca, P, Mg and Cu Plasma Levels and Balance of VLBW-Infants Fed with Formula or Own Mother's Milk Enriched with Evaporated Human Milk or Commercial Human Milk Fortifier (HMF) 1512

The influence of types of human milk (HM)—raw own mother’s milk (OMM), pasteurized OMM, and donor milk (DM)—was evaluated for growth in premature infants fed exclusively HM with controlled nutritional intakes using daily individualized HM fortification (IHMF). Growth and nutritional intakes were prospectively collected in preterm infants (<32 weeks) fed IHMF and compared in infants fed predominantly (≥75%) OMM and DM. The influence of HM types (raw OMM, pasteurized OMM, and DM) on growth were also evaluated in the whole population. One-hundred and one preterm infants (birth weight 970 ± 255 g, gestational age 27.8 ± 1.9 weeks) were included. Energy (143 ± 8 vs. 141 ± 6 kcal/kg/day; p = 0.15) and protein intakes (4.17 ± 0.15 vs. 4.15 ± 0.14 g/kg/day; p = 0.51) were similar in both groups. Infants receiving predominantly OMM (n = 37), gained significantly more weight (19.8 ± 2.0 vs. 18.2 ± 2.2 g/kg/day; p = 0.002) and length (1.17 ± 0.26 vs. 0.99 ± 0.36 cm/week; p = 0.020) than those fed predominantly DM (n = 33). Stepwise multivariate analysis (n = 101) suggests that raw OMM was the major determinant of growth, contributing 22.7% of weight gain. Length gain was also related to OMM (raw + pasteurized) intakes, explaining 4.0% of length gain. In conclusion, at daily controlled similar protein and energy intakes, OMM had significant beneficial effects on weight and length versus DM in VLBW infants. This difference could be partially explained by the use of raw OMM.

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Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v11i9.819 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Tuğçe Tok Kurt ◽

Çağlar Gökırmaklı ◽

Zeynep B Guzel-Seydim

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Human Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Birth Mothers ◽

Pathogenic Organism ◽

Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk ◽

The Rich ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

Background: Human milk contains the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of babies as it contains essential bioactive components to support the immune system. Galactooligosaccharides which are important indigestible prebiotics, help multiply the growth of beneficial microorganisms selectively and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organism. The nutrition of the mother is essential since it affects the composition of mother’s milk. Kefir affects the digestive system, lactose intolerance immune system, anti-microbial effects, probiotic and prebiotic features. However, there is no report on how kefir consumption may have effects on composition of mother’s milk. In this aspect, this study aimed to determine the effects of kefir consumption on the carbohydrate profiles of the mother’s milk. Methods: This study started immediately after birth, mothers were fed with 500 ml/day of kefir made from kefir grains for 30 days in the KF group. Mothers who are in the control group (KI) continued their regular diet. Mother’s milk was collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day and stored at 4ºC. Carbohydrate profile including GOS was determined using the liquid chromatographic method with the HI-PLEX column.Results: The mean lactose concentrations of mother’s milk who consumed kefir were 4,68; 4,72; 5,89 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th, respectively. Glucose concentrations were 0,29; 0,08; 0,21 g/100ml on 10th, 20th, 30th days, respectively. For the mother’s milk samples in the control group, the averages of lactose concentration were 5,42; 5,73; 5,51 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th. GOS peaks were specified depending on the rich content of prebiotics. Conclusion: Consumption of authentic kefir may have effect on carbohydrate profile, including GOS of mother’s milk. Keywords: Human milk, kefir, prebiotic, galactooligosaccharides

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Multilocus sequence typing of bifidobacterial strains from infant’s faeces and human milk: are bifidobacteria being sustainably shared during breastfeeding?

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2014.0082 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 563-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

H. Makino ◽

R. Martin ◽

E. Ishikawa ◽

A. Gawad ◽

H. Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Potential Role ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Maternal Milk ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk

Bifidobacteria are considered to be one of the most important beneficial intestinal bacteria for infants, contributing to the priming of the mucosal immune system. These microbes can also be detected in mother’s milk, suggesting a potential role of human milk in the colonisation of infant’s gut. However, little is known about the timing of bacteria appearance in human milk, and whether human milk is the first source of inoculation. Here, we investigated whether specific strains are shared sustainably between maternal milk and infant’s gut. Faecal samples and human milk were collected from 102 healthy mother-infant pairs (infant’s faeces: meconium, 7, 30 days of age; mother’s milk: once before delivery, colostrum, 7, 30 days after delivery). Bifidobacterial strains were isolated from these samples, and were discriminated by means of multilocus sequencing typing. No bifidobacteria were detected from human milk collected before delivery, or colostrum. Strains were isolated only from human milk samples obtained 7 days after birth or later. On the other hand, bifidobacterial strains were obtained from infant’s faeces throughout the study period, sometimes as early as the first day of life (meconium). We have found that bifidobacterial species belonging to Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum could be identified as monophyletic between infant’s faeces and their mother’s milk. These strains were confirmed to be sustainably shared between maternal milk and infant’s gut. Moreover, monophyletic strains were isolated at the same time point or earlier from infant’s faeces than from human milk, and none were isolated earlier from human milk than from infant’s faeces. Although it remains unclear whether human milk is the first source of microbes for infants, our results confirm that human milk is a reservoir of bifidobacteria, and specific strains are shared between infant’s intestine and human milk during breastfeeding.

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FATTY ACIDS (FA) INTESTINAL ABSORPTION IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS FED FORTIFIED OWN MOTHER'S MILK (OMM) OR PRETERM FORMULA ENRICHED WITH DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (PF+DHA). † 1884

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199604001-01908 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 317-317

Author(s):

Jean-Charles Picaud ◽

Alexandre Lapillonne ◽

Véronique Chirouze ◽

Olivier Claris ◽

Bernard Salle

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Intestinal Absorption ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Preterm Formula ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk

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Addressing Disparities in Mother’s Milk for VLBW Infants Through Statewide Quality Improvement

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2018-3809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 144 (1) ◽

pp. e20183809 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margaret G. Parker ◽

Laura A. Burnham ◽

Patrice Melvin ◽

Rachana Singh ◽

Adriana M. Lopera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk

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The Bacteriology of Human Milk

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400008470 ◽

1924 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 64-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Leonard S. Dudgeon ◽

Reginald C. Jewesbury

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk ◽

Breast Fed

This enquiry into the bacteriology of human milk was prompted by our recent investigation of a case of entero-colitis in a breast-fed infant. In this case an abundant growth of a streptococcus was obtained from the faeces of the infant which was identical as far as we could determine with a streptococcus isolated from the mother's milk.

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Cost analysis showed that feeding preterm infants with donor human milk was significantly more expensive than mother’s milk or formula

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/apa.15087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 959-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Josefine Fengler ◽

Matthias Heckmann ◽

Anja Lange ◽

Axel Kramer ◽

Steffen Flessa

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Donor Human Milk ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk

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Inhibitors of osteoblastogenesis in early human milk and maternal serum: evidence for protective properties of mother’s milk on bone

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2018.1514383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 1095-1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Despina D. Briana ◽

Stavroula Gavrili ◽

Sophia Georgantzi ◽

Antonios Marmarinos ◽

Konstantinos Voulgaris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Protective Properties ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk ◽

Early Human

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IgGs from Human Milk Hydrolyze microRNAs

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25102366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 2366

Author(s):

Ivan Yu. Kompaneets ◽

Evgeny A. Ermakov ◽

Sergey E. Sedykh ◽

Valentina N. Buneva ◽

Georgy A. Nevinsky

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Catalytic Antibodies ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Site Specific ◽

Mother's Milk ◽

Mother’S Milk ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Breast Fed ◽

Average Individual

Mother’s milk provides breast-fed infants with various nutrients, including peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, antibodies, and other bioactive components promoting neonatal growth and protecting infants from viral and bacterial infection. The functions of many human milk components regarding the nutrition and protection of newborns may be very different compared to those of various biological fluids of healthy adults. For example, human milk contains catalytic antibodies (abzymes) with protein, lipid, and oligosaccharide kinase activities, which are absent in the biological fluids of healthy people and autoimmune patients. Obviously, the nutrition of infants with fresh breast milk is a special phenomenon having a very specific and important role. Here, we have shown that mother’s milk IgGs effectively split homo-(pN)23, and four miRNAs: miR-137, miR-219a-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-9-5p. It was shown that ribonuclease activity is a unique property of milk IgGs. On average, individual IgGs hydrolyze (pA)23, (pU)23, and (pC)23 nonspecifically and with comparable efficiency, whereas the hydrolysis of four miRNAs is predominately site-specific. The specific sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by IgGs from the blood of schizophrenic (SCZ) patients and secretory immunoglobulins A (sIgAs) from human milk were found earlier. The sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by milk IgGs and sIgA-abzymes are almost the same, but are significantly different in comparison with those for SCZ IgGs. In addition, in contrast to the SCZ IgGs, milk IgGs and sIgAs efficiently hydrolyzed miRNAs in the duplex regions formed by their terminal sequences.

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