Parts of Me—Relational Risks and Possible Outcomes When Sharing the Decision to Have a Breast Augmentation: A Study of a Swedish Online Forum

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124162110592
Author(s):  
Petra Roll Bennet
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Online Forum ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Relational Risks

A female body part that gains much attention is breasts, and globally, the image of women’s breasts is a “perfect breast.” In order to attain this “perfection,” and for personal reasons, women can decide to augment their breasts by surgery. Despite the cosmetic industry’s increasing popularity, sharing this decision with family and friends can be associated with doubts and worries. This study aims to identify anticipated outcomes when telling close persons about the surgery. Analysis of posts on a Swedish online forum suggests that anticipated reactions include hopes of being accepted and fears of being viewed differently. Aligning with Cooleys “looking-glass self,” it is argued that women see themselves through the imagined eyes of others, and judgment creates feelings of either pride or shame. Breast augmentation seems to be associated with double oppression: first, from surrounding ideals about the perfect breast, and second, from associated shame manifested in social relationships.

Note on Males' and Females' Preferences for Opposite-Sex Body Parts, Bust Sizes, and Bust-Revealing Clothing

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Wildman ◽  
Robert W. Wildman ◽  
Archie Brown ◽  
Carol Trice
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

In Study 1, 55 young women responded that they preferred men with hairy chests and circumcised penises. The chest was the male body part reported to be most “sexually stimulating” to females. The busts were the female body part most “sexually stimulating” to males ( n = 34). In Study 2, men ( n = 35) preferred larger busts than women typically possess on the average, but the women ( n = 48) tended to overestimate the bust size most preferred by males. The ratings of bust-revealing clothing showed the males were more desirous of actually seeing the naked bust than females appear to realize.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Selfies, Adolescents and Archetypes: The Psychology of Taking Selfies and their Consequences on the Adolescent Self-Conscious

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 260-271
Author(s):  
Petro van der Merwe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Current Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Collection Methods

This study explores the attitudes of adolescents in South Africa towards selfie-taking as well as the effects that the selfie has on the consciousness of their shadow. The aim is to contribute to understanding the current impact of this phenomenon on adolescents. Social media, through the use of selfies, can encourage self-promotion and create an obsession with one’s physical appearance. Adolescents mostly shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others view them. The informants comprised 58 learners from three secondary schools in Tshwane (Gauteng). The data collection methods used were semistructured interviews and observation methods. This research study resonates with the looking-glass-self perspective, which highlights the importance of the evaluation of others to the development of the self-conscious. Technology constantly evolves and grows, a theoretical implication of which is the need to continue exploring selfies as a means for the search of identity. Regardless, in raising the question of what selfies, adolescents, and archetypes have in common, this article succeeds in bringing together this rather recent concept, the area of scientific enquiry related to selfies, and a psychological construct coined by the founder of analytical psychology, Jung, that is so well established in the sciences and steeped in thoughts of wisdom that it has stood the test of time. In doing so, the article taps into not only developmental psychology but also social psychology and sociology, the study of human social relationships.

Gender stereotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dziallas
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Male Body ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract Across languages, the head and sexualized body parts (i.e., vagina, breasts, penis, testicles) are conceptualized in a number of ways, for example as fruits and vegetables: heads are conceptualized as cabbages, vaginas as figs, breasts as melons, penises as carrots, and testicles as olives, to only name a few. The present study draws on the theories of conceptual metaphor and metonymy by Lakoff & Johnson (1980) to analyze the conceptualizations of the five body parts as fruits and vegetables in English, Spanish and French. For this purpose, a slang dictionary-based database of 184 conceptualizations was compiled. Research on the head and sexualized body parts is particularly interesting as they represent the core of intellect and sexuality respectively, which makes them prone to being conceptualized in a variety of expressive and euphemistic ways. The results of the present study show that female body parts are primarily conceptualized as sweet fruits, while the penis as well as the head are mostly understood of as savory vegetables. This finding suggests a case of gender stereotyping, whereby sweet-natured women are denied intelligence as the head is stereotypically seen as a male body part (i.e., as a savory vegetable).

scholarly journals The Parting Pelvis: Temporality, Sexuality, and Indian Womanhood in Chandralekha's Sharira (2001)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Royona Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Final Work ◽  
Sexual Body

This article examines the late Indian choreographer Chandralekha's final work Sharira (2001), an intense duet between a woman and a man, as a challenge to heteronormative codes that govern the performance of Indian sexuality. This challenge is relayed in two ways: first, through a haunting triangle motif of the yoni (vagina in Sanskrit), that is evoked repeatedly through the controlled parting of the female dancer's legs, reminding us that her body is both a harbinger of life and a center of sexual agency. Second, the piece critiques heteronormativity through an über-slowing down of choreographic time, which emphasizes the materiality of the female body and the extremes it can execute. The article proposes that these two choreographic strategies are efficacious in rewriting heteronormative codes surrounding Indian sexuality only because they work interdependently. It is only because the female performer is able to part her legs in hyper-slow-motion that the evocations of her yoni move beyond the realm of an objectified, sexual body part that is to be occupied and consumed by a male partner. Instead it becomes a powerful emblem of her ability to contain and spawn sexual desire as well as to create, sustain, and give birth to life.

scholarly journals Self-other distinction modulates the social softness illusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pyasik ◽  
Elisabetta Fortunato ◽  
Olga Dal Monte ◽  
Selene Schintu ◽  
Francesca Garbarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Self ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Affective Touch ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe social softness illusion (i.e., the tendency to perceive another person's skin as softer than our own) is thought to promote the sharing of social-emotional experiences because of the rewarding properties of receiving and giving social affective touch. Here we investigated whether the ability to distinguish someone else’s body from our own modulates the social softness illusion. In particular, we tested whether the spatial perspective taken by the participants and seeing or not the touched arms could alter this illusion. Pairs of female participants were assigned the roles of either the giver (i.e., delivering the touches) or the receiver (i.e., being touched). We manipulated the location of the touch (palm or forearm), the spatial perspective of the receiver’s body with respect to the giver’s body (egocentric or allocentric perspective), and the vision of the touched body part (the giver could either see both her own and the receiver’s body part, or she was blindfolded). Consistently with previous findings, the skin of another person was perceived as softer than the own one. Additionally, the illusion was present for both the forearm and the palm, and it was stronger in allocentric compared to the egocentric perspective (i.e., when the self-other distinction was clearer). These findings show that the mechanisms underpinning the ability to represent another person’s body as distinct from our own modulates the social softness illusion, and thus support the role of the social softness illusion in fostering social relationships.

Behavioral Factors Impact Impairment and Disability Evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Lee Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Symptom Validity Testing ◽  
Disease Pattern

Abstract Illness behavior refers to the ways in which symptoms are perceived, understood, acted upon, and communicated and include facial grimacing, holding or supporting the affected body part, limping, using a cane, and stooping while walking. Illness behavior can be unconscious or conscious: In the former, the person is unaware of the mental processes and content that are significant in determining behavior; conscious illness behavior may be voluntary and conscious (the two are not necessarily associated). The first broad category of inappropriate illness behavior is defensiveness, which is characterized by denial or minimization of symptoms. The second category includes somatoform disorders, factitious disorders, and malingering and is characterized by exaggerating, fabricating, or denying symptoms; minimizing capabilities or positive traits; or misattributing actual deficits to a false cause. Evaluators can detect the presence of inappropriate illness behaviors based on evidence of consistency in the history or examination; the likelihood that the reported symptoms make medical sense and fit a reasonable disease pattern; understanding of the patient's current situation, personal and social history, and emotional predispositions; emotional reactions to symptoms; evaluation of nonphysiological findings; results obtained using standardized test instruments; and tests of dissimulation, such as symptom validity testing. Unsupported and insupportable conclusions regarding inappropriate illness behavior represent substandard practice in view of the importance of these conclusions for the assessment of impairment or disability.

Letter to the Editor: The Continuing Challenge of Evaluating RSD Impairment and Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Robert L. Knobler ◽  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Major Cardiac Event ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Impairment Score ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The author of the two-part article about evaluating reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) responds to criticisms that a percentage impairment score may not adequately reflect the disability of an individual with RSD. The author highlights the importance of recognizing the difference between impairment and disability in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides): impairment is the loss, loss of use, or derangement of any body part, system, or function; disability is a decrease in or the loss or absence of the capacity to meet personal, social, or occupational demands or to meet statutory or regulatory requirements because of an impairment. The disparity between impairment and disability can be encountered in diverse clinical scenarios. For example, a person's ability to resume occupational activities following a major cardiac event depends on medical, social, and psychological factors, but nonmedical factors appear to present the greatest impediment and many persons do not resume work despite significant improvements in functional capacity. A key requirement according to the AMA Guides is objective documentation, and the author agrees that when physicians consider the disability evaluation of people, more issues than those relating to the percentage loss of function should be considered. More study of the relationships among impairment, disability, and quality of life in patients with RSD are required.

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