Nanocarbon and macrocarbonaceous filler–reinforced epoxy/polyamide: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572093081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Kausar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Engineering Material ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Thermosetting Polymer

Epoxy is a thermosetting polymer and an engineering material for structural and composite applications. However, pure epoxy has disadvantages of stiffness and low toughness properties, so limiting its practical uses. Polyamide is an important thermoplastic polymer for commercial uses. Epoxy has been blended with polyamide (thermoplastic polymer) to enhance the toughness and mechanical properties. Consequently, epoxy/polyamide blend matrix has been developed for composite applications. Incorporation of carbonaceous nanoparticles in epoxy/polyamide blend has been used to improve the morphological and physical properties of these materials. This review describes scientific development in the field of epoxy/polyamide-based nanocomposite and composites. Epoxy/polyamide materials have been reinforced with micro- and macroscale carbonaceous fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotube, nanodiamond, carbon black, carbon fiber, and hybrid fillers. The strength, modulus, toughness, electrical, conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability properties of epoxy/polyamide have been influenced through the incorporation of nanofillers. The fundamentals and applications (coatings, adhesives, electronics, radiation shielding, automotive/aerospace) of these materials have been discussed. Toward the end, applications, future, and challenges of epoxy/polyamide-based nanocomposites have been comprehended.

Cryogenic thermal insulating and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown with hydrofluoroolefin: Effect of perfluoroalkane

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2110626
Author(s):  
Tae Seok Kim ◽  
Yeongbeom Lee ◽  
Chul Hyun Hwang ◽  
Kwang Ho Song ◽  
Woo Nyon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foams

The effect of perfluoroalkane (PFA) on the morphology, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams was investigated under ambient and cryogenic conditions. The PU foams were blown with hydrofluorolefin. Morphological results showed that the minimum cell size (153 μm) was observed when the PFA content was 1.0 part per hundred polyols by weight (php). This was due to the lower surface tension of the mixed polyol solution when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The thermal conductivity of PU foams measured under ambient (0.0215 W/mK) and cryogenic (0.0179 W/mK at −100°C) conditions reached a minimum when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The low value of thermal conductivity was a result of the small cell size of the foams. The above results suggest that PFA acted as a nucleating agent to enhanced the thermal insulation properties of PU foams. The compressive and shear strengths of the PU foams did not appreciably change with PFA content at either −170°C or 20°C. However, it shows that the mechanical strengths at −170°C and 20°C for the PU foams meet the specification. Coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal shock tests of the PU foams showed enough thermal stability for the LNG carrier’s operation temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that the PU foams blown by HFO with the PFA addition can be used as a thermal insulation material for a conventional LNG carrier.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Properties of Polyetheretherketone and its Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 1167 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
High Chemical Resistance

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer with high chemical resistance, thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties. In the present work, neat PEEK and 3% bioactive glass/PEEK composites were annealed at various temperatures (100 °C, 200 °C and 300 °C) for (30 and 60) min and characterized with mechanical and density tests, differential scanning calorimetery and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results manifested bioactive glass powder enhanced the properties of the PEEK matrix. Thermal annealing at (200 and 300 °C) had a positive influence on the mechanical properties and density owing to increase in the level of crystallinity, whereas annealing at (100 °C) had not effect on the properties.

Preparation and characterization of surface modified boron nitride epoxy composites with enhanced thermal conductivity

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (83) ◽  
pp. 44282-44290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hou ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Lili Qin ◽  
Maryam E. Grami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Insulation Properties

The fabricated surface modified boron nitride epoxy composites exhibit high thermal conductivity, superior thermal stability and good mechanical properties while retaining good electrical insulation properties.

scholarly journals The combination of Al2O3 and BN for enhancing the thermal conductivity of PA12 composites prepared by selective laser sintering

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1984-1991
Author(s):  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Huanbo Hu ◽  
Dongmei Liu ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Conductive Polymer Composites ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Thermally Conductive

The introduction of hybrid fillers in SLS technology is an effective method for the manufacture of thermally conductive polymer composites with high thermal conductivity, complex structures and good mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Bita Moezzipour ◽  
Aida Moezzipour
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.

scholarly journals Mechanically Strong, Low Thermal Conductivity and Improved Thermal Stability Polyvinyl Alcohol–Graphene–Nanocellulose Aerogel

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Xiuya Wang ◽  
Pengbo Xie ◽  
Ke Wan ◽  
Yuanyuan Miao ◽  
Zhenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Composite Aerogel ◽  
Ternary Composite ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Composite Aerogels

Porous aerogel materials have advantages of a low density, low thermal conductivity and high porosity, and they have broad application prospects in heat insulation and building energy conservation. However, aerogel materials usually exhibit poor mechanical properties. Single-component aerogels are less likely to possess a good thermal stability and mechanical properties. It is necessary to prepare multiple-composite aerogels by reinforcement to meet practical application needs. In this experiment, a simple preparation method for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–graphene (GA)–nanocellulose (CNF) ternary composite aerogels was proposed. This is also the first time to prepare ternary composite aerogels by mixing graphene, nanocellulose and polyvinyl alcohol. A GA–CNF hydrogel was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method, and soaked in PVA solution for 48 h to obtain a PVA–GA–CNF hydrogel. PVA–GA–CNF aerogels were prepared by freeze drying. The ternary composite aerogel has advantages of excellent mechanical properties, a low thermal conductivity and an improved thermal stability, because strong hydrogen bonds form between the PVA, GA and CNF. The composite aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, dynamic thermal analysis, thermogravimetry and thermal constant analysis to characterize the properties of the ternary composite aerogels. The lightweight, low-density and porous PVA–GA–CNF composite aerogels withstood 628 times their mass. The thermal conductivity of the composite aerogels was 0.044 ± 0.005 W/mK at room temperature and 0.045 ± 0.005 W/mK at 70 °C. This solid, low thermal conductivity and good thermal stability PVA–GA–CNF ternary composite aerogel has potential application in thermal insulation.

Effect of highly thermally conductive Ag@BN on the thermal and mechanical properties of phthalonitrile resins

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110580
Author(s):  
Xinggang Chen ◽  
Xiongwei Qu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
De Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermally Conductive

Ag@BN/phthalonitrile resin composites were prepared using highly thermally conductive BN modified by Ag plating. The effects of different contents of Ag@BN particles on the dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity of composites were examined. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses showed that Ag was successfully deposited on the surface of BN. The prepared Ag@BN was subjected to KH550 grafting treatment. With the increase in the content of Ag@BN/KH550, the storage modulus, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity of the composite increased. The storage modulus, decomposition temperature, and thermal conductivity of the Ag@BN/phthalonitrile composite with 20 wt.% Ag@BN/KH550 were 5.0 GPa, 539°C, and 0.80 W/(mK), respectively, which are 1.35, 1.18, and 3.33 times higher than those of pure resin, respectively. The compatibility and dispersibility of BN modified by Ag plating in phthalonitrile resin were effectively enhanced, thereby providing a potential candidate to be used at high-temperature devices with high thermal conductivity.

Thermal Stability of an Epoxy Adhesive

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Xiang Yu Zhao ◽  
Wei Shao ◽  
Chuan Bao Ma ◽  
Rui Xue Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than

An epoxy adhesive and its curing agent are tested using differential scaning calorimetry under different atmospheres and after different exposure times to natural air to analyze its thermal properties. The results show that after the pure epoxy, the curing agent and the adhesive mixture of them are exposed in natural air for different period of time, all show different levels of decline in thermal stability and more complicated reactions when tested in the DSC and TGA in O2 and air, while the thermal properties remain stable when they are tested in an inert gas like N2. And according to the mechanical property tests and SEM results, the mechanical properties of the adhesive mixture in N2 are better than that in air. The results indicate that inert gas can protect the property of this kind of adhesive and thus increase its bond strength.

Remarkable Mechanical and Thermal Increments of Epoxy Composites by Graphene Nanosheets and Carbon Nanotubes Synergetic Reinforcement

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 546-552
Author(s):  
Xia Jun Wang ◽  
Dong Lin Zhao ◽  
Dong Dong Zhang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Ran Ran Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Hybrid Fillers

Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were modified with aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide, to obtain amine (–NH2) functionalized GNSs (AFGNSs) and enhance the bondings between the GNSs and epoxy matrix. We report an easy and efficient approach to improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy matrix composites by combining one dimensional multi-walled carbon nanotubes and two dimensional AFGNSs. The long and tortuous MWCNTs can bridge adjacent AFGNSs and inhibit their aggregation, resulting in an increased contact surface area between GNS/MWCNT structures and the polymer. A remarkable synergetic effect between the GNSs and MWCNTs on the enhanced mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the epoxy composites was demonstrated. The addition of 2 wt.% MWCNT-GNS hybrid fillers improved the tensile strength and flexural strength of the pristine epoxy by 20.71% and 55.51%, respectively. Thermal conductivity increased by 93.71% using MWCNT-GNS hybrid fillers compared to non-derivatised epoxy. This study has demonstrated that 2-D GNSs and 1-D MWCNTs have an obvious synergetic reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties and a remarkable thermal conductivity enhancement in epoxy composites which provides an easy and effective way to design and improve the properties of composite materials.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Silica–Lignin/Polylactide Composites Subjected to Biodegradation

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Grząbka-Zasadzińska ◽  
Łukasz Klapiszewski ◽  
Sławomir Borysiak ◽  
Teofil Jesionowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nonisothermal Crystallization ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Morphology Of Films

In this paper, silica–lignin hybrid materials were used as fillers for a polylactide (PLA) matrix. In order to simulate biodegradation, PLA/hybrid filler composite films were kept in soil of neutral pH for six months. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allowed analysis of nonisothermal crystallization behavior of composites, thermal analysis provided information about their thermal stability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to define morphology of films. The influence of biodegradation was also investigated in terms of changes in mechanical properties and color of samples. It was found that application of silica–lignin hybrids as fillers for PLA matrix may be interesting not only in terms of increasing thermal stability, but also controlled biodegradation. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first publication regarding biodegradation of PLA composites loaded with silica–lignin hybrid fillers.

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