Recent Advances in Hormonal and Barrier Contraception

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Erin C. Raney ◽  
Julie Méthot
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Male Contraceptive ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Barrier Contraception ◽  
By Products

Hormonal and barrier contraceptive choices have undergone unprecedented expansion over the past decade. Oral contraceptives have been joined by products with alternative hormone delivery systems, including transdermal, injectable, and intravaginal. In addition, the doses and chemical structures of the estrogen and progestin components have been altered to improve tolerability. Barrier methods continue to offer nonhormonal options with varied levels of protection from sexually transmitted infections. With the expansion of choices, consideration of individual needs is key to maximizing effectiveness and tolerability. Future advancements will continue to focus on individualized options as well as expanded male contraceptive devices.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China, 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chunxia ◽  
Ai Zisheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mainly transmitted by sexual contact or similar sexual contact, which can cause diseases of genitourinary organs ,accessory lymphatic system and major organs of the whole body. STIs include clinically symptomatic diseases and asymptomatic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide.By analyzing the temporal trend of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in China in the past 20 years, we can provide a scientific basis for the further development of prevention and control measures related to sexually transmitted infections. Methods Joinpoint regression model is used to fit the incidence data of three sexually transmitted diseases in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) are calculated to evaluate the temporal trend changes of the incidence of three major sexually transmitted diseases. Results The overall incidence of AIDS/HIV has been on the rise for 20 years, rising by an average of 33.7% per year (P < 0.05). The most obvious increase is in 2002–2005, an average annual increase of 102.5%. The overall incidence of gonorrhea is on a downward trend, decreasing by 4.9% per year on average (P < 0.05).However, its incidence shows a slow rising trend from 2012 to 2018, with an average annual increase of 6.0%. The overall incidence of syphilis is also on the rise, increasing by an average of 9.1% per year (P < 0.05). Except 1999–2003, the incidence of syphilis shows a downward trend, and the other time stages shows a significant upward trend. Conclusions In the past 20 years, the corresponding measures have been taken in China for sexually transmitted infections and achieved remarkable results, but the three major sexually transmitted infections are still in the forefront of the reported notifiable infectious diseases incidence in China. At the same time, all sexually transmitted infections are beginning to shift from high-risk population to the general population, especially adolescents and the floating population.Therefore, China should still pay more attention to the prevention and control of STIs to hold back their further spread or epidemic.

scholarly journals Male Urethritis Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Ângela Roda ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In women, Trichomonas vaginalis infection may present with vaginitis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, while in men it is mainly asymptomatic or causes mild and transient symptoms of urethritis, epididymitis, or prostatitis. In the past, little importance had been given to the impact of T. vaginalis infection on men’s health, since it was believed to be a self-limited condition without sequelae. However, there is growing evidence it is associated with more serious disorders in both men and women and efforts to diagnose and treat this parasitic infection have increased. Recent advances in testing for sexually transmitted diseases using multiplex molecular assays have increased diagnostic opportunities for T. vaginalis infection, especially in men, as detection of the parasite by traditional methods is much more challenging. We describe an unusual case of male urethritis caused by T. vaginalis observed in our consultation of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

scholarly journals Sexual Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Male Veterans and Nonveterans

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Evans ◽  
Sonya Borrero ◽  
Jonathan Yabes ◽  
Elian A. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
History Of

Little is known about the sexual health of male veterans. This study used nationally representative data from the 2011 to 2013 National Survey of Family Growth to compare sexual behaviors and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between male veterans and nonveterans. The sample included 3,860 men aged 18 to 44 years who reported ever having sex with a man or woman. The key independent variable was veteran status. Sexual behavior outcomes included ≥6 lifetime female partners, ≥10 lifetime partners of either sex, ≥2 past-year partners of either sex, having past-year partners of both sexes, and condom nonuse at last vaginal sex. STI outcomes included past-year history of chlamydia, gonorrhea, or receiving any STI treatment; lifetime history of herpes, genital warts, or syphilis; and an aggregate measure capturing any reported STI history. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between veteran status and each outcome. In models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, and marital status, veterans had significantly greater odds than nonveterans of having ≥6 lifetime female partners ( OR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.02, 2.31]). In models adjusting for age and marital status, veterans had significantly greater odds of having partners of both sexes in the past year ( OR = 4.8, 95% CI [1.2, 19.8]), and gonorrhea in the past year ( OR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.2, 8.5]). Male veterans were thus significantly more likely than nonveterans to have STI risk factors. Health care providers should be aware that male veterans may be at higher risk for STIs and assess veterans’ sexual risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Learning from the past: young Indigenous people's accounts of blood-borne viral and sexually transmitted infections as resilience narratives

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Mooney-Somers ◽  
Anna Olsen ◽  
Wani Erick ◽  
Robert Scott ◽  
Angie Akee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Intentions to use patient-initiated partner notification and acceptability of provider-initiated partner notification for Sexually Transmitted Infections – A cross-sectional survey among minibus taxi drivers in Gauteng Province, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
mathildah mpata mokgatle ◽  
Sphiwe Madiba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past

Background In South Africa, utilization of patient-initiated partner-notification (PN) using referral-slip in the management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is limited and only a limited number of sexual partners are ever notified. The study assessed the use of patient-initiated PN method using notification and referral slips and measured the level of acceptability of provider-initiated PN using short-message-service (SMS) to personal mobile phones of sexual partners. Methods A quantitative survey using anonymous structured self-administered and researcher assisted questionnaires was conducted among minibus taxi drivers in the nine major taxi ranks in Gauteng province, South Africa. Results The sample consisted of 722 minibus taxi drivers with a mean age of 37.2 years old, 284 (59.5%) had multiple sexual partners, 368 (52.2%) did not use a condom during last sexual act, 286 (42.8%) reported inconsistent use of condoms, and 459 (65%) tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Majority (n=709, 98.2%) understood the importance of PN once diagnosed with STI, but would prefer delivering PN referral slip (n=670, 93.2%) over telling a partner face to face if they themselves were diagnosed with STI. Acceptability of provider-initiated PN using SMS was 452 (62.7%) and associated with history of HIV testing in the past year (OR=1.72, p=0.002, CI: 1.21-2.45). The perceived use of PN referral-slip from sexual partner to seek treatment was 91.8% (n=659). About a third (n=234, 32.5%) were not in favor of provider-initiated PN by SMS and preferred telling partners face to face. Conclusion There were contrasting findings on the acceptability and utilization of existing patient-initiated PN and the proposed PN using SMS from health providers. The preference of delivering PN referral slip to sexual partner over face-to-face PN renders communicating about STIs the responsibility of health providers. Therefore, they have an opportunity to provide patients with options to choose a PN method that is best suited to their relationships and circumstances and modify PN messages to encourage partners to use the different PN to prevent STIs.

Introduction of a proforma in the management of under age attendees at a genitourinary clinic

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Holkar ◽  
K E Rogstad
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex ◽  
Case Note Review

The aim of this review was evaluation of a recently developed proforma for improving assessment and management of patients under the age of 16 in the genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic. A case-note review of all under-16s attending between June 2000 and March 2001 was undertaken (109 patients). Comparison with review from 1998 prior to proforma introduction was carried out. In all, 99 proformas were completed. Fewer young patients were seen solely by junior doctors since proforma introduction (27–45%) ( P=0.012), more were referred to health advisors (79% versus 66%) ( P=0.056), but follow-up remains suboptimal (72% versus 78%). Possibility of abuse was assessed in 102 patients (17 cases of nonconsensual sex versus six in 1998). In all, 54% were using no contraception and only 21% were consistently using barrier methods; 41% had sexually transmitted infections diagnosed. The proforma is useful for collecting data and directing management when completed fully, and has revealed greater numbers of children involved in risky behaviour and abuse.

scholarly journals Social and Behavioral Correlates of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men who Have Sex with Men who Use Alcohol in the San Francisco Bay Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 155798832110268
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Jain ◽  
Akua O. Gyamerah ◽  
Glenda N. Baguso ◽  
Carol Dawson-Rose ◽  
Janet Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

The risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is driven by various socio-behavioral factors. From 2015-2017, 247 MSM ≥ 18 years-old who reported alcohol use in the past year, were recruited into a cross-sectional study in San Francisco. Participants completed a survey assessing socio-demographics, substance use and treatment, sexual behaviors, HIV status and self-reported STI diagnosis in the past 6 months. Multivariable logistic regression models stratified by HIV status were used to identify the correlates of STIs. Of 247 MSM, the prevalence of bacterial STIs were: gonorrhea (12.9%), chlamydia (9.3%) and syphilis (6.0%). Among 177 MSM living without HIV, factors significantly associated with recent STI diagnosis were: current pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use (aOR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.42–8.75, p ≤ .01), popper use during sex in the past 6 months (aOR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.34–7.47, p ≤ .01) and a history of alcohol treatment (aOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04–0.68, p = .01). Also, in a sensitivity analysis (removing PrEP), any receptive condomless anal sex was independently associated with recent STI diagnosis (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.15–7.08, p = .02). Among 70 MSM living with HIV, factors significantly associated with recent STI diagnosis were: White race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48–36.62, p = .01), younger age (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.97, p < .01) and a higher number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months (aOR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06, p = .02). Sexual health interventions that address the unique needs of MSM living with and without HIV who use alcohol in San Francisco are needed to reduce STI acquisition and transmission.

scholarly journals Increase in STIs in the Netherlands slowed in 2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
M J W van de Laar ◽  
E. L.M. op de Coul
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend

The increasing trend in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the Netherlands observed over the past few years, appeared to stabilise in 2003. The number of genital chlamydial cases remained stable and the number of gonorrhoea cases decreased

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