scholarly journals ‘Going Underground’: A Tube Worker’s Experience of Struggles over the Frontier of Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma S Hughes ◽  
Tony Dobbins ◽  
Stephen Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Worker Autonomy ◽  
Over Time

Mainstream media representation of London Underground (LU) workers typically foregrounds their alleged militancy, greed and negligence towards the travelling public. This knee-jerk tendency obscures the voices, expressions and experiences of workers themselves. This article enriches public sociology by giving Stephen, a Tube driver and former LU station worker, a platform to share his vivid story. Stephen’s voice reveals deep sociological insights into the realities of workplace struggles over the shifting ‘frontier of control’ at LU, and graphically captures uneven and fluid patterns of individual/collective resistance to restructuring and ‘modernization’. His lived experiences of managerial control and worker autonomy, interfacing with different degrees of alienation, new technology and customer engagement, have changed over time as ‘passengers’ become ‘customers’ and ‘give and take’ employment relations dwindle.

scholarly journals Emotional Labour and the Autonomy of Dependent Self-Employed Workers: The Limitations of Digital Managerial Control in the Home Credit Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702097950
Author(s):  
Esme Terry ◽  
Abigail Marks ◽  
Arek Dakessian ◽  
Dimitris Christopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Worker Autonomy ◽  
The Impact

Changes to the labour process in the home credit sector have exposed the industry’s agency workforce to increased levels of digital managerial control through the introduction of lending applications and algorithmic decision-making techniques. This article highlights the heterogeneous nature of the impact of digitalisation on the labour process and worker autonomy – specifically, in terms of workers’ engagement in unquantified emotional labour. By considering the limitations of digital control in relation to qualitative elements of the labour process, it becomes evident that emotional labour has the scope to be a source of autonomy for dependent self-employed workers when set against a backdrop of heightened digital control. This article therefore contributes to ongoing labour process debates surrounding digitalisation, quantified workers and digital managerial control.

Understanding the influence of technological capability and exogenous pressure on business model dynamics: insights from a longitudinal case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqin Su ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Technological Capability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore how technological capability and exogenous pressure interactively influence business model (BM) dynamics over time in new technology-based ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a longitudinal case study of the BM innovations of a Chinese financial technology venture. The structural approach and temporal bracket are used to analyze and theorize the data.FindingsThe findings indicate that distinct contextual changes impel a firm to refine or abandon existing BMs over time. In different stages, the antecedents interactively influence BM dynamics with three successive patterns, namely pressure dominance, parallel influence and hybrid influence. While both antecedents trigger changes during the initiation and implementation of new BMs, they also serve as the filter and the enabler, respectively, during the ideation and integration of BMs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study inductively develops three propositions regarding the relationship between BM dynamics and its antecedents, which is based on the data collected from one single firm. Future research should test the propositions in other domains and take more cross-level antecedents into consideration.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the nascent research stream of BM dynamics by offering in-depth insights into the interaction of internal and external antecedents and by linking the differentiated roles of antecedents to the BM innovation process. The research offers some practical implications for new technology-based ventures seeking to develop BMs in a fast-changing environment.

scholarly journals La evolución de la ingeniería de requisitos en el desarrollo global de software [The evolution of the requirements engineering in the global development of software]

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Alejandra Dávila Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Global Software Development ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Over Time

ResumenEl desarrollo global de software constituye un tema muy debatido en la actualidad, sobre el que se están realizando últimamente numerosos estudios y propuestas. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar como se encuentra y como ha ido evolucionando la Ingeniería de Requisitos en este tipo de desarrollos. Diversos investigadores señalan que, hasta el momento, los Desarrollos Globales de Software se han visto obligados a diseñar sus propios modelos de requisitos, ya que, al tratarse de una tecnología relativamente nueva, no existen aun patrones de Ingeniería de Requisitos para ella. No obstante una revisión detallada de la literatura existente muestra que, actualmente, están comenzando a aparecer algunas propuestas. En el presente estudio se hace un análisis de varios modelos de requisitos planteados y diseñados para casos concretos a fin de analizar como estos modelos han ido evolucionando durante el tiempo, y sacar conclusiones para solucionar algunos problemas de comunicación aparentemente aun no resueltos. Se pretende, en base a fundamentos teóricos apropiados, avanzar en el planteamiento de un modelo de Ingeniería de Requisitos más completo que supere las dificultades encontradas en anteriores trabajos y facilite el Desarrollo Global de Software.Palabras claveIngeniería de Requisitos, Desarrollo Global deSoftware, Metodologías, Herramientas de Ingeniería de Requisitos, Requisitos, Desarrollo Global. AbstractThe global software development is a debated topic at present, exist many studies and proposals made recently. The goal this paper is to show how it has evolved the requirements enginee-ring in this type of developments. Several researchers show, that this moment, the Global Development has been forced to design their own models of requirements, because being a relatively new technology, there are not even patterns of requirements enginee-ring for this type of development. However, a detailed review of existing literature shows that currently there are some proposals. The present study is an analysis of various models of requirements posed and designed for specific cases to analyze how these mo-dels have evolved over time, and present conclusions for solve some communication problems that apparently still unresolved. It is intended with based on appropriate theoretical foundations, to advance the approach of a model more complete in requirements engineering that exceeds the difficulties encountered in previous works and ease Global Development of Software.KeywordsRequirements Engineering, Global Software Develo-pment, Methodologies, Requirements Engineering Tools, Requi-rements, Global Development.

Gamified Self

2016 ◽  
pp. 304-327
Author(s):  
Rachelle DiGregorio ◽  
Harsha Gangadharbatla
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

Gamified self has many dimensions, one of which is self-tracking. It is an activity in which a person collects and reflects on their personal information over time. Digital tools such as pedometers, GPS-enabled mobile applications, and number-crunching websites increasingly facilitate this practice. The collection of personal information is now a commonplace activity as a result of connected devices and the Internet. Tracking is integrated into so many digital services and devices; it is more or less unavoidable. Self-tracking engages with new technology to put the power of self-improvement and self-knowledge into people's own hands by bringing game dynamics to non-game contexts. The purpose of this chapter's research is to move towards a better understanding of how self-tracking can (and will) grow in the consumer market. An online survey was conducted and results indicate that perceptions of ease of use and enjoyment of tracking tools are less influential to technology acceptance than perceptions of usefulness. Implications and future research directions are presented.

Mapping the Egyptian Women’s Anti–Sexual Harassment Campaigns

Women Rising ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Theresa Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Media Narratives

In this chapter, Theresa Hunt explores the trajectory of the anti–sexual harassment campaigns in Egypt as one example of women’s prerevolution and antiregime protest. She examines the extensive campaigns of the Egyptian Center for Women’s Rights, El Nadim Center for the Management and Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence, and the new, technology-fueled project HarassMap. By strategically gaining national and even international attention, these campaigns engaged in critique of the state’s failure to address the alarming level of sexual harassment on Cairo’s streets and pressured the state to develop appropriate policy. As these organizations combined consciousness raising with subversion of state obstacles and mobilization of the public, their work reflects aspects of the 2011 revolution that mainstream media narratives find compelling but rarely attribute to women’s activism.

Modes of Self-Representation in the Images Collectively Produced by Migrants in Lésbos Island: Natives of the New World

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagehan Uskan
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Film ◽  
New World ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Constitutive Process ◽  
Collective Resistance

Natives of the New World is a short documentary film shot on cell phones by the Kino Mosaik collective, which was founded in Lesbos Island, Greece, in 2018. The migrants who were members of the collective tried to transform the period when they were stuck in Lesbos waiting for the decision on their asylum applications into a constitutive process. Kino Mosaik’s main goal was to oppose the passive, apolitical, and victimized migrant image created by mainstream media and many artistic representations. The collective thought that this was possible only from their perspective, and they made this film as an action against stereotypical representational systems. In the short documentary, not only are the difficult conditions that migrants have to deal with made visible but also the forms of collective resistance they have developed against them. This article will analyse Natives of The New World by comparing it with the representational tools it opposes.

Fissured Employment and Network Bargaining: Emerging Employment Relations Dynamics in a Contingent World of Work

ILR Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 001979392096418
Author(s):  
Mark Anner ◽  
Matthew Fischer-Daly ◽  
Michael Maffie
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Network Bargaining

For decades, direct employment relationships have been increasingly displaced by indirect employment relationships through networks of firms and layers of managerial control. The firm strategies driving these changes are organizational, geographic, and technological in nature and are facilitated by state policies. The resulting weakening of traditional forms of collective bargaining and worker power have led workers to counter by organizing broader alliances and complementing structural and associational power with symbolic power and state-oriented strategies through what the authors term “network bargaining.” These dynamics point to the limitations of dominant theories and frameworks for understanding employment relations and suggest a new approach that focuses on a range of direct and indirect work relationships, evolving forms of worker power, and networked patterns of worker–employer interactions.

scholarly journals Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding Occurs during Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Sladden ◽  
Stephanie Yerkovich ◽  
Douglas Wall ◽  
Maxine Tan ◽  
William Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
Over Time

Background. Damage to the endothelium has been established as a key pathological process in lung transplantation and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), a new technology that provides a platform for the assessment of injured donor lungs. Damage to the lung endothelial glycocalyx, a structure that lines the endothelium and is integral to vascular barrier function, has been associated with lung dysfunction. We hypothesised that endothelial glycocalyx shedding occurs during EVLP and aimed to establish a porcine model to investigate the mechanism underlying glycocalyx breakdown during EVLP. Methods. Concentrations of endothelial glycocalyx breakdown products, syndecan-1, hyaluronan, heparan sulphate, and CD44, were measured using the ELISA and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by zymography in the perfusate of both human (n = 9) and porcine (n = 4) lungs undergoing EVLP. Porcine lungs underwent prolonged EVLP (up to 12 hours) with perfusion and ventilation parameters recorded hourly. Results. During human EVLP, endothelial glycocalyx breakdown products in the perfusate increased over time. Increasing MMP-2 activity over time was positively correlated with levels of syndecan-1 (r = 0.886; p=0.03) and hyaluronan (r = 0.943; p=0.02). In the porcine EVLP model, hyaluronan was the only glycocalyx product detectable during EVLP (1 hr: 19 (13–84) vs 12 hr: 143 (109–264) ng/ml; p=0.13). Porcine hyaluronan was associated with MMP-9 activity (r = 0.83; p=0.02) and also with dynamic compliance (r = 0.57; p=0.03). Conclusion. Endothelial glycocalyx products accumulate during both porcine and human EVLP, and this accumulation parallels an accumulation of matrix-degrading enzyme activity. Preliminary evidence in our porcine EVLP model suggests that shedding may be related to organ function, thus warranting additional study.

Sustainable Design Through Flexible Product Evolution

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Van Wie ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Product Evolution ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Over Time

Sustainable design defined broadly is the problem of designing environmentally benign products so that the environment can be maintained with minimal negative effects from the product throughout the product’s entire lifecycle. This research investigates how sustainable design can be achieved at the conceptual design stage. Although sustainability encompasses a vast number of issues ranging from energy efficient solutions, design for disassembly, recycling, proper material selection, and improved manufacturing choices, the research focus of this work is on the particular issue of product evolution as it relates to the flexibility of a product or concept. Product evolution, often powered by new technology, erases the market competitiveness of concepts over time and impacts flexibility on the design effort side. Specifically, how does the designer develop concepts that can at least partially be reused and adapted to the next product generation with minimal effort? One answer is to design flexible concepts that can incur unknown future changes with maximum concept reuse. Flexibility in this context implies the property of a concept, physical solution, component, or product, to be robust and tolerant to generally unavoidable evolutionary changes. The challenge is to know how to configure a product to satisfy this requirement. As part of this research, we perform empirical studies of product evolution to determine evolutionary trends. Product evolution is measured in the broad terms of product performance over time. The goal is to predict when a product should evolve by either 1) moving from the lower plateau of an S-curve to the higher plateau or 2) jumping to a new S-curve being prepared to do so in a sustainable manner. That is, the objective is to allow companies to be able to reuse components or platforms (including reconditioning and recycling), tooling as well as design and manufacturing staff. The key toward this goal is an understanding how products evolve and what conditions coincide with product change. The approach is to investigate the types of changes (evolutions) that lead to flexible (sustainable) designs. The results of this research can be used for a prescriptive approach in developing a sustainable design method that relies on this newly acquired knowledge of product evolution.

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