Algorithm for computing the connectivity in planar kinematic chains and its application

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622098050
Author(s):  
Wenjian Yang ◽  
Huafeng Ding ◽  
Andres Kecskemethy
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mobility Matrix ◽  
Connectivity Constraint

The number of synthesized kinematic chains usually is too large to evaluate individual characteristics of each chain. The concept of connectivity is useful to classify the kinematic chains. In this paper, an algorithm is developed to automatically compute the connectivity matrix in planar kinematic chains. The main work is to compute two intermediate parameters, namely the minimum mobility matrix and the minimum distance matrix. The algorithm is capable of dealing with both simple-jointed and multiple-jointed kinematic chains. The present work can be used to automatically determine kinematic chains satisfying the required connectivity constraint, and is helpful for the creative design of mechanisms. The practical application is illustrated by taking the face-shovel hydraulic excavator for instance.

Connectivity calculation-based automatic synthesis of planar multi-loop mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Peng Huang ◽  
Huafeng Ding ◽  
Wenjian Yang ◽  
Gongyue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Automatic Synthesis ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Hybrid Code ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Matrix Calculation

Abstract The creative design of kinematic structures with excellent performance remains an open issue in the quest for developing novel multi-loop mechanisms. This study presents an automatic method to synthesize all non-isomorphic planar multi-loop mechanisms satisfying the required connectivity between the base and the end-effector. First, based on the connectivity matrix calculation, all multi-loop mechanisms are generated from synthesized kinematic chains. Second, the concepts of perimeter, canonical and characteristic graphs of multi-color topological graphs are addressed to acquire the simplified characteristic hybrid code in order to eliminate isomorphic multi-loop mechanisms. Then, an automatic method to synthesize all non-isomorphic planar multi-loop mechanisms with the required connectivity between the base and the end-effector is provided. Third, a practical application of this synthesis method is illustrated by taking the mechanical arm of a face-shovel hydraulic excavator as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are discussed and compared in detail.

scholarly journals Regional Climate Change Competitiveness—Modelling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3704
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Karman ◽  
Andrzej Miszczuk ◽  
Urszula Bronisz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Competitiveness Index ◽  
Modelling Approach

The article deals with the competitiveness of regions in the face of climate change. The aim was to present the concept of measuring the Regional Climate Change Competitiveness Index. We used a comparative and logical analysis of the concept of regional competitiveness and heuristic conceptual methods to construct the index and measurement scale. The structure of the index includes six broad sub-indexes: Basic, Natural, Efficiency, Innovation, Sectoral, Social, and 89 indicators. A practical application of the model was presented for the Mazowieckie province in Poland. This allowed the region’s performance in the context of climate change to be presented, and regional weaknesses in the process of adaptation to climate change to be identified. The conclusions of the research confirm the possibility of applying the Regional Climate Change Competitiveness Index in the economic analysis and strategic planning. The presented model constitutes one of the earliest tools for the evaluation of climate change competitiveness at a regional level.

Mandible: evaluation of its morphology, aging process and sexual dimorphism for aesthetic treatment purpose

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Toledo Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Fractional Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Quality ◽  
Base Of The Skull

The mandible is the most important bone structure of the facial makeup. Its morphology differs with respect to genetic factors, sexual dimorphism, and age. Among its particular characteristics is the ability to adapt with its counterpart, the base of the skull, conferring a dynamic quality of this bone, by the mechanism of constant remodeling. In order to understand the involvement of the mandible in the evaluation of the lower third of the face, a fractional analysis of its parts is necessary considering morphological parameters of the mandibular angle. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of the mandible as an instrument in the analysis of the lower third of the face, allowing the accomplishment of aesthetic treatment, respecting the individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Politeness Strategies and Maxims in English for Islamic texts: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Quran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Gittan Jewad ◽  
Zargham Ghabanchi ◽  
Mohammad Ghazanfari
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Holy Quran

This research tackles two chapters from the Holy Quran, the sura of Prophet Yusuf, and the sura of the Cave (al-Kahf) to find out whether the theories of Leech (1983) and Brown and Levinson (1987) can be applied to find out the positive and negative politeness strategies and the politeness maxims. The Leech’s model (1983) consists of six maxims, and for Brown and Levinson (1987), consists of two major politeness strategies. It consists of two principles of politeness, where one of them is positive, and the other is negative politeness. This study aims at investigating politeness strategies, and politeness principle linguistically in two Suras from the Holy Quran, how politeness strategies and politeness maxims used within the Holy Quran. This study tries to investigate the image of the main characters in the most sacred book. A qualitative approach is employed to provide interpretations of selected verses. In this paper, we will discuss the politeness strategies, positive and negative politeness strategies, and politeness maxims. The study falls into two parts. It begins briefly to overview the theoretical framework underlying politeness, in particular discussing some definitions of politeness and politeness principle and its maxims, exploring the face theory and its strategies by Brown and Levinson, and how far these strategies affect polite style then, dealing with politeness maxims by Leech. The other part displays a practical application of what has presented theoretically. Also, the researcher examined the politeness strategies, and politeness maxims of two Suras (Yusuf and Al-Kahf). Moreover, the study observed that approximately the majority of negative politeness in two suras then positive politeness, and the last one is politeness maxims.

scholarly journals P-Path Minimum Distance Connectivity from Head Quarter to the Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-294
Author(s):  
Revathi P ◽  
Suresh Babu C ◽  
Purusotham S ◽  
Sundara Murthy M
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Pattern Recognition Technique ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Linear Polynomial ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Combinatorial Programming ◽  
Recognition Technique

Many Combinatorial programming problems are NP-hard (Non Linear Polynomial), and we consider one of them called P path minimum distance connectivity from head quarter to the cities. Let there be n cities and the distance matrix D(i, j, k) is given from ithcity to jthcity using kthfacility. There can be an individual factor which influences the distances/cost and that factor is represented as a facility k. We consider m<n cities are in cluster and to connect all the cities in subgroup (cluster) from others by using same facility k. The problem is to find minimum distance to connect all the cities from head quarter (say 1) threw p-paths subject to the above considerations. For this problem we developed a Pattern Recognition Technique based Lexi Search Algorithm, we programmed the proposed algorithm using C. we compared with the existed models and conclude that it suggested for solving the higher dimensional problems.

scholarly journals Hebbian Learning of Recurrent Connections: A Geometrical Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2346-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu N. Galtier ◽  
Olivier D. Faugeras ◽  
Paul C. Bressloff
Keyword(s):  
Hebbian Learning ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Hopfield Network ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Euclidean Distance Matrix ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Connections

We show how a Hopfield network with modifiable recurrent connections undergoing slow Hebbian learning can extract the underlying geometry of an input space. First, we use a slow and fast analysis to derive an averaged system whose dynamics derives from an energy function and therefore always converges to equilibrium points. The equilibria reflect the correlation structure of the inputs, a global object extracted through local recurrent interactions only. Second, we use numerical methods to illustrate how learning extracts the hidden geometrical structure of the inputs. Indeed, multidimensional scaling methods make it possible to project the final connectivity matrix onto a Euclidean distance matrix in a high-dimensional space, with the neurons labeled by spatial position within this space. The resulting network structure turns out to be roughly convolutional. The residual of the projection defines the nonconvolutional part of the connectivity, which is minimized in the process. Finally, we show how restricting the dimension of the space where the neurons live gives rise to patterns similar to cortical maps. We motivate this using an energy efficiency argument based on wire length minimization. Finally, we show how this approach leads to the emergence of ocular dominance or orientation columns in primary visual cortex via the self-organization of recurrent rather than feedforward connections. In addition, we establish that the nonconvolutional (or long-range) connectivity is patchy and is co-aligned in the case of orientation learning.

A New Method of Design of Epicyclic Gear Trains

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 707-712
Author(s):  
Pei Wen An ◽  
Zhong Liang Lv
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Epicyclic Gear ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
Number Synthesis ◽  
Method Of Design

Epicyclic gear trains have been broadly applied in engineering practice. In this paper, kinematic chains (K.C.) with single-joint (S.J.) were applied to innovative synthesis of the epicyclic gear trains. The method of the innovative synthesis of the epicyclic gear trains was presented. Not only the epicyclic gear trains in common uses were obtained, but some new types of epicyclic gear trains that are got difficultly by means of conventional combination method were gained. Thereby, a new way has been offered for the innovative synthesis of the epicyclic gear trains, at the same time, a way has also been offered for practical application of some multi-link kinematic chains gained by using the theory of type-number synthesis of the K.C. with S.J.. Examples show that the method presented in this paper is right and feasible, and the method is efficient and practical for the innovative synthesis of the epicyclic gear trains.

Isomorphism Detection of Planar Kinematic Chains With Multiple Joints Using Information Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajneesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Sunil Punjabi
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Independent Loops ◽  
Link Connectivity ◽  
Structural Invariants

Isomorphism (structural similarity) of kinematic chains (KCs) of mechanisms is an important issue in the structural synthesis, which must be identified to avoid the duplicate structures. Duplication causes incorrect family size, i.e., distinct KCs with a given number of links (n) and degree of freedom (dof). Besides simple joints kinematic chains (SJKCs), multiple joints kinematic chains (MJKCs) are also widely used because of their compact size and the methods dealing with such KCs are few. The proposed method deals with two different structural invariants, i.e., primary structural invariants (provide only the necessary condition of isomorphism), such as link connectivity number (LCN) of all the links, link connectivity number of chain (CCN), joint connectivity number (JCN) of all the joints, and joint connectivity number of chain (JCNC), and secondary structural invariants (provide the sufficient condition of isomorphism), such as power transmission (P) and transmission efficiency (Te). Primary structural invariants are calculated using a new link–link connectivity matrix (LLCM), whereas secondary structural invariants are calculated using the concept of entropy of information theory. The method has been successfully tested for 10 and 11 links MJKCs (illustrative examples taken in the paper) and for the families of 18 MJKCs with 8 links, 2 MJs, 1-dof, and 3 independent loops; 22 MJKCs with 8 links, 1 MJ, 1-dof, and 3 independent loops; and 83 MJKCs with 9 links, 1 MJ, 2-dof, and 3 independent loops.

Returning to the parental home: Boomerang moves of younger adults and the welfare regime context

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Arundel ◽  
Christian Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Housing Career ◽  
Career Interruption ◽  
The Face ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The Individual

Returns to the parental home represent a dramatic housing career interruption that can have significant social and economic implications. Interaction of individual characteristics with turning point shocks, such as unemployment or partnership dissolution, are key triggering events; however, housing disruptions are further embedded within variegated social, cultural and institutional contexts. Fundamental is the nature of the welfare regime, explaining norms surrounding co-residence as well as the amount and type of resources available. Through analyses using the Eurostat Longitudinal Survey on Income and Living Conditions, the research establishes a foundational understanding of how factors at both the individual as well as institutional and socio-cultural level moderate young adults’ housing interruptions across Europe. The results showed a significant welfare regime effect in outcomes of returned co-residence as well as evidence of differentiations across regimes in how individual characteristics and the experience of turning points related to returns. Higher return propensities were found among more familialistic contexts of Southern Europe and New Member States, while lower likelihoods were evident in the face of stronger state support and practices of earlier autonomy in Social Democratic and, to a lesser degree, intermediate Conservative regime contexts.

scholarly journals Hybrid Decision-Making Evaluation for Future Scenarios of Cultural Ecosystem Services

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Li-Pei Peng ◽  
Wei-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Rural Industries

In the face of rapid urbanization and globalization, the continual loss of rural landscapes is occurring globally because of declining rural industries, abandoned farmlands and aging local populations. These problems highlight the versatility and diverse values of cultural ecosystem services (CES) to provide feasible responses for rural landscapes. To utilize CES and ensure the sustainability of rural landscapes in Taiwan, this study combined multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and a development evaluation structure that can effectively address interdependent factors for practical application. This study presents the importance of different evaluation compositions with clear weights. The results indicated that the “global technotopia” scenario is the highest priority, followed by the “Satoyama–Satoumi renaissance” scenario, and the other two.

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