scholarly journals Combustion and emissions of gasoline, anhydrous ethanol, and wet ethanol in an optical engine with a turbulent jet ignition system

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 3528-3537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalifa Bureshaid ◽  
Dengquan Feng ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Mike Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Turbulent Jets ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Lean Limit

Turbulent jet ignition is a pre-chamber ignition system for an otherwise standard gasoline spark ignition engine. Turbulent jet ignition works by injecting chemical active turbulent jets to initiate combustion in a premixed fuel/air mixture. The main advantage of turbulent jet ignition is its ability to ignite and burn completely very lean fuel/air mixtures in the main chamber charge. This occurs with a very fast burn rate due to the widely distributed ignition sites that consume the main charge rapidly. Rapid combustion of lean mixtures leads to lower exhaust emissions due to more complete combustion at lower combustion temperature. The purpose of the paper is to study the combustion characteristics of gasoline, ethanol, and wet ethanol when operated with the pre-chamber combustion system and the ability of the pre-chamber ignition to extend the lean-burn limits of such fuels. The combustion and heat release process was analyzed and exhaust emissions measured. Results show that the effect of turbulent jet ignition system on the lean-burn limit and exhaust emissions varied with fuels. The lean limit was extended by using fueled pre-chamber furthest, to λ = 1.71 with gasoline, followed by λ = 1.77 with wet ethanol and λ = 1.9 with ethanol. NOx emissions were significantly reduced with increased lambda for each fuel under stable combustion conditions. For ethanol, at maximum lean limit lambda 1.9, the NOx emissions were almost negligible due to lower combustion temperature.

An Experimental Study of Cyclic Variations in a Lean Burn Natural Gas Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ramesh ◽  
Mohand Tazerout ◽  
Olivier Le Corre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

This work deals with the nature of cycle by cycle variations in a single cylinder, lean burn, natural gas fuelled spark ignition engine operated at a constant speed of 1500 rev/min under variable equivalence ratio, fixed throttle conditions. Cycle by cycle variations in important parameters like indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), peak pressure, rate of pressure rise and heat release characteristics were studied. At the lean misfire limit there was a drastic increase in combustion duration. With mixtures leaner than the lean limit, good cycles generally followed poor cycles. However, the vice versa was not true. Cycles that had a high initial heat release rate lead to more complete combustion. A high rate of pressure rise led to a high IMEP. The IMEP of cycles versus their frequency of occurrence was symmetric about the average value when the combustion was good.

Combustion modelling of turbulent jet ignition in a divided combustion chamber

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110371
Author(s):  
Mattia Olcuire ◽  
Clara Iacovano ◽  
Alessandro d’Adamo ◽  
Sebastiano Breda ◽  
Tommaso Lucchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Turbulent Jets ◽  
Combustion Regime ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Main Chamber ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Combustion Modelling

Turbulent jet ignition is seen as one of the most promising strategies to achieve stable lean-burn operation in modern spark-ignition engines thanks to its ability to promote rapid combustion. A nearly stoichiometric mixture is ignited in a small-volume pre-chamber, following which multiple hot turbulent jets are discharged in the main chamber to initiate combustion. In the present work, a detailed computational investigation on the turbulent combustion regime of premixed rich propane/air mixture in a quiescent divided chamber vessel is carried out, to study the characteristics of the jet flame without the uncertainties in mixing and turbulent conditions typical of real-engine operations. In particular, the paper investigates the dependency of flame propagation on nozzle diameter (4, 6, 8, 12 and 14 mm) and pre-chamber/main-chamber volume ratio (10% and 20%); CFD results are compared to the experimental outcomes. Results show that the combustion regime in the quiescent pre-chamber follows a well-stirred reaction mode, rendering the limitation in using conventional flamelet combustion models. Furthermore, due to the very high turbulence levels generated by the outflowing reacting jets, also the main chamber combustion develops in a well-stirred reactor type, confirming the need for a kinetics-based approach to combustion modelling. However, the picture is complicated by thickened flamelet conditions possibly being verified for some geometrical variations (nozzle diameter and pre-chamber volume). The results show a general good alignment with the experimental data in terms of both jet phasing and combustion duration, offering a renewed guideline for combustion simulations under quiescent and low Damköhler number conditions.

Effect of Engine Variables on Combustion Performance of Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manivannan ◽  
R. Ramprabhu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Lean Combustion

In the development of internal combustion engines, there has been a continuous effort to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Lean combustion is a preferred concept for reducing exhaust emissions for meeting stringent emission standards. However lean combustion is associated with increased cycle-by-cycle combustion variation due to combustion instability. The combustion stability under lean mixture conditions could be improved through enhancement of flow characteristics. Effect of engine variables on lean combustion of Spark Ignition (SI) engine is presented, including combustion chamber and inlet port configuration, and ignition system. Use of pre-chamber for lean combustion is one of the feasible method to achieve stable ignition and quick flame propagation. This paper highlights and compares status of various research works carried out in the area of lean burn engines. A critical analysis of reported experimental data is presented in order to substantiate use of lean combustion in SI engine.

Lean Burn Combustion of Iso-Octane in a Rapid Compression Machine Using Dual Mode Turbulent Jet Ignition System

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Teja Vedula ◽  
Gerald Gentz ◽  
Thomas Stuecken ◽  
Elisa Toulson ◽  
Harold Schock
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Rapid Compression Machine ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Rapid Compression

Low-NOx Emissions Over an Enlarged Range of Overall Equivalence Ratios by Staged Lean Premixed Tubular Flame Combustion

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideshi Yamada ◽  
Hideyuki Takagi ◽  
Shigeru Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Flame Combustion ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
In Series ◽  
Staged Model

One of the inherent problems of lean premixed combustion is a narrow range of combustion-zone fuel-air ratios where low NOx emissions and complete combustion can be simultaneously achieved. The use of the reaction of lean to ultra-lean mixtures injected into the hot burned gas produced in the upstream lean-burn combustion zone can alleviate the abovementioned problem. The combustion characteristics of staged model gas turbine combustors with arranging two or three cylindrical swirl combustion chambers in series were investigated at atmospheric pressure. Tubular flame was stabilized in the primary stage and homogeneous mixture was injected into the burned gas from the upstream stage. It is shown that the lean multi-staged premixed tubular flame combustion has a potential to extend the range of gas turbine operation where both complete combustion and ultra-low NOx emissions can be achieved.

The impact of gasoline and synthesized ethanol blends on the emissions of a spark ignition engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laminu Kuburi ◽  
David Obada ◽  
Ibraheem Samotu ◽  
M. Jeremiah ◽  
Zainab Kashim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
The Impact

Considering pollution problems and the energy crisis today, investigations have been concentrated on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion products and decreasing fossil fuel consumption by using renewable alternative fuels. In this work, the effect of ethanol addition to gasoline on the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine at various speeds was established. Ethanol was extracted from groundnut seeds using fermentation method. Gasoline was blended with 20 - 80% of the extracted ethanol in an interval of 20%. Results of the engine test indicated that using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels decreased carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as a result of the lean- burn effects caused by the ethanol, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased because of a near complete combustion. Finally, the results showed that blending ethanol in a proportion of 40% with gasoline can be used as a supplementary fuel in modern spark ignition engines as it is expected that the engine performs at its optimum in terms of air toxic pollutants reduction, by virtue of that mix.

A comparative study of the performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine fuelled by natural gas and gasoline

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Evans ◽  
J Blaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lean Limit

The purpose of this study was to obtain a detailed comparison of engine performance and exhaust emissions from natural gas and gasoline fuelled spark ignition engines. Each fuel was tested at both wide-open throttle and two part-load operating conditions over a wide range of air—fuel ratios. The results show that the power output of the engine at a given throttle position was reduced by about 12 per cent when fuelled by natural gas due to displacement of air by the gas. The emission levels for natural gas were lower by from 5 to 50 per cent, depending on the pollutant, compared to gasoline. On an energy basis, both fuels exhibited nearly equal thermal efficiency, except that at very lean air—fuel ratios natural gas showed increased efficiency due to an extension of the lean limit of combustion.

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

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