scholarly journals Editorial: The social and political basis for citizen action on urban poverty reduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Satterthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Citizen Action ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals POOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY ON SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MAJALENGKA DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1176
Author(s):  
Wahyu Gunawan ◽  
Saifullah Zakaria ◽  
Sahadi Humaedi ◽  
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Purpose of the study: This study on poor community empowerment focuses on poverty which is becoming the target group of developers in the Majalengka district. The main problem in poverty reduction is the large number of people living in poverty. Methodology: This study uses social capital approaches and theories. Also, a qualitative descriptive method is used. Main Findings: The results show that the program can be carried out with significant changes in community empowerment and proves useful based on the social capital approach. Moreover, the social capital study can enrich social capital applications by strengthening solidarity, relationship and networks. Although the network is still very premature, efforts to develop it are still being made by community groups. The community empowerment program developed by the government is for assistance in the agricultural sector. Applications of this study: Social capital convergence in community empowerment can be a force to improve welfare and overcome poverty. This study on social capital proves can make an academic contribution to the empowerment of the poor. Novelty/Originality of this study: To eradicate poverty, the Indonesian government has carried out a variety of methods including The Hope Family Program, hereinafter referred to as PKH and The Urban Poverty Reduction Program as P2KP along with other Central and Regional government programs. However, unfortunately, these programs have not been able to reach all regions, so there are still many areas needing such solutive treatments from the local government. Therefore, the empowerment of poverty requires institutional efforts and togetherness between parties with the poor (integrated approach) as an effort to empower the poor. This paper critically analyses the poverty reduction programs and highlights the problems associated with them.

Why women stay poor: An examination of urban poverty in India

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-178
Author(s):  
Koumari Mitra ◽  
Gail R. Pool
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Social

In this paper the relationship of women to poverty in urban areas is explored and the need to understand the gender dimension of poverty in a specific cultural context is emphasised. In recent years there has been an increasing trend to incorporate the gender dimension in the analysis of poverty. The féminisation of poverty is a term used to describe the overwhelming representation of women among the poor. The present study examines the gender bias of poverty which underlies the social and economic subordination of women and the effects of gender on access to basic amenities such as education, health care and labour force participation. The 1996 World Bank publication, Poverty Reduction and the World Bank, identified three components to urban poverty: 1) provision of basic services such as water, sanitation, drainage and roads; 2) taking action on the top threats to health (lead, dust and microbial diseases); 3) making municipal finance more businesslike and inclusive. While these are commendable objectives, the problems of urban poverty for women can be examined in a qualitative way from the point view of how these goals are absorbed into the social and cultural surroundings of the urban poor. Why women are more vulnerable to poverty will be considered here and how the causes and experience of poverty differ by gender are determined, followed by some remarks on how to alleviate women's poverty.

Local Policy Discretion in Social Welfare: Explaining Subnational Variations in China's De Facto Urban Poverty Line

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Yu Guo ◽  
Alex Jingwei He ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Developmental Policies ◽  
Policy Arena

Abstract How do subnational agents exercise policy discretion in the social welfare sphere? To what extent do they do so as a result of various bureaucratic and fiscal incentives? The literature has documented several explanatory frameworks in the context of China that predominantly focus on the realm of developmental policies. Owing to the salient characteristics of the social policy arena, local adaptation of centrally designed policies may operate on distinctive logics. This study synthesizes the recent scholarship on subnational social policymaking and explains the significant interregional disparities in China's de facto urban poverty line – the eligibility standard of the urban minimum livelihood guarantee scheme, or dibao. Five research hypotheses are formulated for empirical examination: fiscal power effect, population effect, fiscal dependency effect, province effect and neighbour effect. Quantitative analysis of provincial-level panel data largely endorses the hypotheses. The remarkable subnational variations in dibao standards are explained by a salient constellation of fiscal and political factors that are embedded within the country's complex intergovernmental relations and fiscal arrangements. Both a race-to-the-top and a race-to-the-bottom may be fostered by distinctive mechanisms. The unique role of provincial governments as intermediary agents within China's political apparatus is illuminated in the social policy arena.

scholarly journals Existential Realities of Out- of - School Children in Kano Metropolis: Implications for Policy Implementation in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. p32
Author(s):  
Saheed Olanrewaju Jabaar, PhD
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Act ◽  
Out Of School

This study is an exploration of the menace of out-of-school children in Kano metropolis. The study used qualitative method of investigation to investigate the social economic conditions of the children, factors that keep them on the street and possible ways of taking them off the street back to school. Data revealed a harsh and deplorable living conditions of the children. It was also revealed that poverty, negligence by parents, high rate of divorce and ignorance on the part of parents are the major reasons why the children remain on the street. Taking the children out of the street would require effective implementation of social policies on family life, poverty reduction and the universal basic education act of 2004.

scholarly journals Religion and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Coastal Communities in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi

Al-Ulum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Acquisition Technique

This paper focuses on examining the role of religion in improving the work ethic of fishing communities in Takalar Regency. The approach used in this research is the Socio-theological Approach (Social monotheism). The social theological approach is a method or method used to link the sociological level of religious or divine society in order to analyze and reveal data on the reality under study. The data acquisition technique is to use data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that religion (Islam) plays a role in building work ethic. Poverty can make a person disbelieve in his Lord. Islam teaches its adherents to share with those who are entitled in terms of the theological concept of zakat as poverty alleviation and as a means of realizing social welfare. Islam does not close the space for its adherents to achieve economic prosperity. The framework of monotheism in Islamic teachings has outlined social involvement for its followers to always care and help others.

scholarly journals Women Empowerment for Poverty Reduction in Ring-1 Rural Area of a Cement Company in Tuban, East Java Province, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Rustinsyah Rustinsyah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

The existence of a cement company in a rural area may influence the local people, including women who are not employed by the company. This study aims at presenting the case of women empowerment in a Ring-1 area of a cement company in Indonesia. The research used qualitative approach. The results show that the company’s existence with its CSR programs have helped empowering rural women in social, educational, religious, organizational, and economic aspects. The social aspect is shown in the health programs. The educational aspect can be seen in the provision of scholarships for formal education and non-formal training. The religious aspect is actualized in the form of incentives for religion teachers and religious festivals. The organizational aspect is shown in the involvement of women in PKM management. Finally, the economic aspect includes: a) the construction of village road infrastructure as compensation of taxes derived from the company; b) the inclusion of workers from outside the village encourages the emergence of food stalls, grocery stalls, gasoline kiosks, and boarding houses; and c) the development of traditional markets. This study confirms that the company’s existence has encouraged rural women to improve their livelihoods and help alleviate their families from poverty.

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Khurshida Saydivalieva ◽  
◽  
Abror Alimov
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Made In

A strong social policy is the basis for a prosperous lifestyle of the population of thecountry. One of the urgent issues that are in the focus of attention of the world's countries is the problem of poverty and unemployment. In particular, today, in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, this issue is becoming increasingly relevant. The introduction of quarantine measures to preserve the health of the population in the face of the pandemic paved the way for a further escalationof unemployment, which led to a sharp increase in poverty rates,atthe same time, poverty is one of the factors that negatively affect the sustainable growth of the country's economy. The poor are not only unable to benefit from economic development, butalso to contribute to the development of society. The article analyzes the mechanisms of poverty reduction in the world community, and the efforts made in Uzbekistan, the importance of the social contract as a mechanism of social assistance and the need for its implementation in practice, the experience of foreign countries in the application of the social contract.

enterprises are bound to gravitate towards the big cities and the need for marketed surplus beyond that obtainable from the state farms would re-inforce the already existent pattern of extreme concentration of modern inputs in the few agriculturally developed regions of the country. Fourth, it is unlikely to generate the order of urban employment that is required over the plan period. This failure has various ramifications. For one, un-employment would probably become increasingly worse in the smaller towns or else, the migration into the prime cities from other smaller urban centres would increase without, of course, affecting the overall employment outcome. For another, this would mean an exacerbatian of the social costs of such urbanisation, manifest in the forms of an expanding urban lumpenproletariat, prostitution, and begging. Clearly, none of these phenomena should have an extended life in a socialist system. Furthermore, such unemployment would undermine the utility of the rationing system which would fail to reach this needy class on account of their exchange entitlement failure. To meet the distributional objectives, therefore, it would become necessary to rely increasingly on institutional devices of income sharing as a strategic rather than purely tactical option. Case C: An Alternative This offers an alternative strategic framework for a revised DTYP. The central principle underlying this concerns what is adopted as a trinity of objectives, namely, growth, distributional equity, and grassroots participating institutions. The earlier cases are crucially dependent upon an extended circular flow of investible resources extracted from agriculture and invested in industry and related sectors in the form of large projects. This involves little direct participation on the part of the savers and investments occur largely outside the units or sectors from which resources are extracted. Inevitably, aggregate domestic investments would depend upon the open and hidden contributions of peasant agriculture which would also remain a net contributor or loser in resource terms. It is arguable that this type of investment process is unsuited to an economy like Ethiopia where the level of available investible surplus is low and scattered in small denominations, where the degree of economic fragmentation is extreme, and where even the relatively well-developed centre is unlikely to be able to bear the burden imposed upon it. In addition, this strategy is unmindful of harnessing for productive purposes those investible rural resources which are not extractable and therefore not useable through the centralised and dichotomous investment process mentioned above. The collective framework, that is, Case C, takes the relative emphasis away from major industrial investments and places it on investments within the rural sector. The industrial shift involves the locational, size, product and technology dimensions, making the sector less import-intensive and more labour-intensive. Thus, even if the scale of investment was to be lowered, there might be few net losses (in GDP terms) to output, and perhaps even a net gain in terms of intermediate-level skill creation, as well as in direct and indirect employment generated. This would ease the urban poverty

2013 ◽  
pp. 181-182
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Employment Outcome ◽  
Rural Sector ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Investments ◽  
Income Sharing ◽  
Investment Process

The Dynamics of Poverty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudh Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
The Social

This article examines the dynamics of poverty and explains why poverty dynamics studies are necessary: to estimate the risk of impoverishment and the probability of escaping poverty; to identify the reasons associated with poverty descents and escapes; to distinguish between transient and chronic poverty; and to elucidate the social mobility prospects of individuals in different economic situations. The article begins with an overview of three types of approaches used in investigating poverty dynamics: panel data studies, participatory poverty assessments and ethnographic studies, and mixed-method studies. This is followed by a discussion of key findings from poverty dynamics studies; one finding is that poverty creation and poverty reduction occur everywhere in tandem. The article concludes by outlining future directions for research into poverty dynamics.

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