Urban agriculture in the metropolitan zone of Mexico City: changes over time                 in urban, suburban and peri-urban areas

Se ha visto que sin un sistema de monitoreo ambiental integral y eficiente, que proporcione datos duros de soporte para un diagnóstico de la situación ambiental, no es posible elaborar nuevas políticas públicas para resolver la problemática que enfrentan las áreas urbanas. En el presente trabajo se revisa la situación actual del sistema de monitoreo ambiental de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México desde tres ángulos: climatológico, hidrométrico y de calidad de aire. Asimismo se detectan sus principales avances, limitaciones y otras particularidades y al final se complementa el monitoreo ambiental con la parte social y económica. AbstractIt has been proved that without an efficient, integral environmental monitoring system that provides hard back-up data for a diagnosis of the environmental situation, it is impossible to draw up new public policies to solve the problem faced by urban areas. This paper reviews the current status of environmental monitoring in the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone from three angles: climatological, hydrometric and air quality. It also detects the main progress, limitations and other particularities and at the end, environmental monitoring is complemented by the social and economic part.

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Typifying Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus) Farmers in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Central and Southern Côte d'lvoire

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.5367/oa.2011.0066 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N'Goran David Vincent Kouakou ◽

Niko Speybroeck ◽

Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽

Jean-François Grongnet ◽

Eric Thys

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cultural Background ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Pig Production ◽

Socioeconomic Profile ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Future Work ◽

Over Time

Guinea pig production is practised by all strata of society in Côte d'Ivoire, without regard to gender, age, religion, instruction level or community. It is essentially a source of income, but socioeconomic and cultural background significantly influence the approach to guinea pig production. Adult owners use animals as a source of income. Children eat a significant part of the production themselves. Adolescents progress from consumption to marketing. This preliminary study opens the way for future work that could measure changes over time in the socioeconomic profile of guinea pig farmers and the attitude of the population towards guinea pig breeding.

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Designing Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots in Urban Areas to Reduce Traffic Disruptions

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2017/6296720 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mireia Roca-Riu ◽

Jin Cao ◽

Igor Dakic ◽

Monica Menendez

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Local Level ◽

Hydrodynamic Theory ◽

Time Varying ◽

Traffic Demand ◽

Road Space ◽

Delivery Services ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Pick-up and delivery services are essential for businesses in urban areas. However, due to the limited space in city centers, it might be unfeasible to provide sufficient loading/unloading spots. As a result, this type of operations often interferes with traffic by occupying road space (e.g., illegal parking). In this study, a potential solution is investigated: Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots (DDPS). With this concept, based on the time-varying traffic demand, the area allowed for delivery parking changes over time in order to maximize delivery opportunities while reducing traffic disruptions. Using the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow, we analyze the traffic discharging rate on an urban link with DDPS. In comparison to the situation without delivery parking, the results show that although DDPS occupy some space on a driving lane, it is possible to keep the delay at a local level, that is, without spreading to the network. In this paper, we provide a methodology for the DDPS design, so that the delivery requests can be satisfied while their negative impacts on traffic are reduced. A simulation study is used to validate the model and to estimate delay compared to real situations with illegal parking, showing that DDPS can reduce system’s delay.

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National trends of childhood vaccination coverage in Bangladesh: Understanding gaps from 2011, 2014 and 2017-18 Demographic and Health Surveys data

10.21203/rs.3.rs-722674/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Satyajit Kundu ◽

Subarna Kundu ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Joshua Okyere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Vaccination is a safe and cost-effective strategy for protecting children from life-threatening diseases. This study aimed to investigate the changes over time in proportion of vaccination coverage across demographic subgroups in Bangladesh. Method Vaccination coverage for children 12–59 months of age was obtained from Bangladesh’s 2011, 2014, and 2017-18 Demographic and Health Surveys. Three multivariable binary logistic regression models with complete vaccination status at each survey data were used to generate adjusted odds ratios to uncover immunization variations across socio-demographic categories. Further, to detect potential geographic disparities, changes over time were analyzed at both the country and district levels. Findings Vaccination coverage grew from 88.1% in 2011 to 89.2% in 2017–2018, indicating a gap of more than ten percent for complete immunization coverage among children aged 12–59 months. Children aged 23–35 were more likely to have full vaccination compared to those aged 12–23 in 2011 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3–1.9), 2014 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-2.0), and 2017-18 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7). The likelihood of full vaccination of children increased with maternal education with the highest odds among women with higher education in 2011 (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI = 4.0-12.9), 2014 (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.7–5.9), and 2017-18 (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI = 3.5–9.6) compared to those with no formal education. Children born to mothers who lived in urban areas were more likely to have full vaccination in 2011 (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.8), 2014 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.7), and 2017-18 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7) compared to those who lived in rural areas. Children born to mothers who had at least 4 ANC visits were more likely to have full vaccination compared to those with less than 3 ANC visits in 2011 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0), 2014 (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0), and 2017-18 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.1 During these three surveys, Rangpur division had the highest vaccine coverage rate, while Sylhet division had the lowest vaccination coverage. Conclusion Although there was an improvement in these nationally representative surveys from 2011 to 2017-18, a portion of children still needs to be vaccinated to ensure full immunization coverage. To achieve 100% immunization coverage for all Bangladeshi children, policymakers must integrate vaccine programs with personalized health messaging and assurances of health safety for impoverished children and low-educated mothers. Increased institutional deliveries and prenatal care visits by mothers could assist increase their children's vaccination coverage.

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Changes in the Size Distribution of Settlements in England and Wales, 1801–1968

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a100163 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 163-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A D Cliff ◽

B T Robson

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Data Sets ◽

England And Wales ◽

Data Standard ◽

Population Concentration ◽

Standard Normal ◽

Population Sizes ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Over Time

Changes over time in the distribution of settlement sizes in England and Wales are examined by using two data sets: Town population sizes 1801–1911 and the population size of various local government units in 1968. The Cohen and Whitworth random partitioning models are applied to these data. Standard normal deviates show the increasing population concentration in large urban areas during the 19th century and the reversal of this trend in the 20th century, leading to the suggestion of maximum entropy in 1968. A comparison of the Cohen and the rank–size models suggests the greater utility of the former once the primate city is excluded from consideration. The analysis highlights the timing of critical changes in the evolution of the settlement pattern, particularly the reversal of trend in 1901.

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Opioid Misuse in Missouri: Analyzing Emergency Department Use in Urban/Rural Areas

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics ◽

10.5210/ojphi.v10i1.8338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evan Mobley ◽

Andrew Hunter ◽

Whitney Coffey

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

The State ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Metro Area ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Ed Visits ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

ObjectiveCompare rate changes over time for Emergency Department (ED) visits due to opioid overdose in urban versus rural areas of the state of Missouri.IntroductionLike many other states in the U.S., Missouri has experienced large increases in opioid abuse resulting in hundreds dying each year and thousands of ED visits due to overdose. Missouri has two major urban areas, St. Louis and Kansas City and a few smaller cities, while the remainder of the state is more rural in nature. The opioid epidemic has impacted all areas in the state but the magnitude of that impact varies as well as the type of opioid used. Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MODHSS) maintains the Patient Abstract System (PAS) which contains data from hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers throughout the state. PAS includes data from ED visits including information on diagnoses, patient demographics, and other information about the visit. MODHSS also participates in the Enhanced State Surveillance of Opioid-involved Morbidity and Mortality project (ESOOS). One major aspect of this surveillance project is the collection of data on non-fatal opioid overdoses from ED visits. Through this collection of data, MODHSS analyzed opioid overdose visits throughout the state, how rates compare across urban and rural areas, and how those rates have changed over time.MethodsThe 115 counties in Missouri were organized into the six-level urban-rural classification scheme developed by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The attached table shows the breakout of counties into the six different categories. The data years analyzed were 2012 through 2016. ED visits due to opioid overdose were identified using case definitions supplied by ESOOS. Overdoses were analyzed in three different categories—all opioids, heroin, and non-heroin opioids. The all opioid category combines heroin and non-heroin opioids. Non-heroin opioids includes prescription drugs such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and fentanyl analogues. Annual rates per 10,000 were calculated for each county classification using population estimates. Confidence intervals (at 95%) were then calculated using either inverse gamma when the number of ED visits was under 500, or Poisson when the number was 500 or more. Changes over time were calculated using both a year over year method and a 5 year change method.ResultsOverall opioid rates have increased in all geographic areas during the 5 year period analyzed. Large Central Metro and Large Fringe Metro counties had the highest rates of ED visits due to opioid overdose. These two classifications also saw the largest increases in rates. The Large Central Metro counties collectively increased over 125%, while the Large Fringe Metro area increased 130%. Both areas experienced statistically significant increases year-to-year between 2014 and 2016 in addition to the overall 5 year period of 2012-2016.Analysis was also conducted for heroin and non-heroin subsets of opioid abuse. There were important differences in these two groups. For heroin ED visits, the highest rates were found in the Large Central Metro and Large Fringe Metro regions. However, the largest increase in percentage terms were found in the Medium Metropolitan, Micropolitan and Noncore regions which all saw increases of over 300%. Notably, every region experienced increases of over 150%. The Medium Metro had two consecutive years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) where the heroin ED rate more than doubled.In contrast, non-heroin ED visits did not experience such a large increase over time. Most areas saw small fluctuations year-to-year with moderate overall increases over the 5-year time period. The exception to this trend is the Large Fringe Metro area, which saw increases every year most notably between 2014 and 2015 and had by far the largest 5 year increase at 82%.ConclusionsThe urban areas in Missouri continue to have the highest rates of opioid overdose, however all areas within the state have experienced very large increases in heroin ED visits within the past five years. The increase in heroin ED visits in the rural areas suggests the abuse of heroin has now spread throughout the state, as rates were much lower in 2012. The steady increase in non-heroin opioids unique to the Large Fringe Metro may be due to the availability of fentanyl in urban areas especially the St. Louis area. This possible finding would correspond with the increased deaths due to fentanyl experienced in and around the St. Louis urban area that has been identified through analysis of death certificate data.

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Morphometric analysis of the terrain over time to characterize subsidence. Case study: Mexico City, Mexico.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10282 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Vidal ◽

Jacob Nieto Butrón ◽

Mario Alberto Hernández Hernández ◽

Graciela Herrera Zamarrón ◽

Enrique Cabral Cano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mexico City ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Free Access ◽

Building Structures ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Groundwater Overexploitation ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

<p>It is well known that groundwater overexploitation can generate land subsidence due to the compaction of compressible aquitards. Mexico City's soils are an important example of highly compressible lake sediments in compaction due to groundwater extraction that have significantly damaged the urban and commercial building structures. Previous studies indicate that there is annual subsidence of 15 to 25 cm in the Mexico City International Airport, 10 cm in downtown, and between 10 to 15 cm in the Southeast Mexico City area. Soil fracturing is an indicator of differential subsidence that has damaged buildings and infrastructure, including hydraulic pipes, sidewalks, and pavements. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out specific studies related to topographic deformation. This talk presents a characterization of the terrain changes over time and a zoning map for Mexico City subsidence susceptibility. To this end, free access elevation models generated from 2000 to 2018 by different sensors and methodologies were compared. The resulting model is validated by mapping information from active GPS stations, whose data is also freely available. Besides, a spatial comparison of land subsidence areas and sites previously identified as flooding and aquifer overexploitation areas is presented. The results will serve as a basis for future monitoring to be carried out in the area with high-resolution tools.</p>

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Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000454 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie Urban ◽

Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽

Isabelle Signolet ◽

Christophe Colas Ribas ◽

Mathieu Feuilloy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Pressure ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Chemical Sensors ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Starting Values ◽

Two Systems ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽

New Sensors ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

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