scholarly journals Status of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110424
Author(s):  
Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽  
Benson Musinguzi ◽  
James Mwesigye ◽  
Kennedy Kassaza ◽  
Joseph Turigurwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Pulmonary mycoses are important diseases of the respiratory tract caused by pulmonary fungal pathogens. These pathogens are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide; however, less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Method: This was a hospital based cross sectional survey. Sputum samples were collected from each study participant. For each sample, the following tests were performed: Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungal culture, GeneXpert for Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) and potassium hydroxide for fungal screening. Filamentous fungal growth and yeasts were further examined with lactophenol cotton blue staining and germ tube respectively. Results: Out of 113 study participants, 80 (70.7%) had pulmonary fungal pathogens whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis numbered five (4.4%). Candida albicans [21 (22.58%)] and Aspergillus species [16 (17.20%)] were the pathogens most identified among others. Two (1.7%) TB GeneXpert positive participants had fungal pathogens isolated from their sputum samples. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for pulmonary fungal pathogen (PFP) isolates, three (60.0%) for MTB in HIV positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFP, and zero (0.0%) for MTB in HIV negative patients. On the other hand, two (100%) HIV positive patients had both PFP isolates and MTB. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the diversity of neglected pulmonary fungal pathogens whose known medical importance in causing pulmonary mycoses cannot be overemphasised. Therefore this presents a need for routine diagnosis for pulmonary mycoses among TB suspects and set-up of antimicrobial profile for pulmonary fungal isolates to support clinical management of these cases.

scholarly journals Status of pulmonary fungal infections among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at a University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽  
Benson Musinguzi ◽  
James Mwesigye ◽  
Kennedy Kassaza ◽  
Joseph Turigurwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Abstract Background: Pulmonary mycoses are very important diseases of the respiratory tract and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary mycoses and their aetiological agents among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Method: This was a Laboratory based cross sectional survey in which 113 participants were recruited. Sputum samples were corrected from each study participant. To each sample the following tests were done; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) Culture, GeneXpert and Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Fungal growth of filamentous fungi and yeasts were further examined with LPCB and Germ tube respectively. Generated data was analysed using R studio. Results: Out of 113 participants, 80 (70.8%) had pulmonary mycoses whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis were 5 (4.4%). C. albicans 22.58% and Aspergillus species 17.20%) were the most aetiological agents for pulmonary mycoses identified among others. Of those who were TB GeneXpert positive, 2 (1.77%) of them were co-infected with pulmonary mycoses. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for PFI, 3 (60.0%) for MTB in HIV sero positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFI, 0 (0.00%) for MTB in HIV sero negative patients. On the other hand, 2 (100%) sero positive patients were co-infected with both PFI and MTB.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the medical importance of pulmonary fungal infections among patients suspected for TB. Importantly, the aetiological diversity established here is rich enough to suggest precise examination using different methods. Established scope of aetiological agents is predominated by opportunistic fungi which when superimposed on to certain underlying conditions such as TB, their effects can be fatal. Therefore this possibility presents a need to employ appropriate strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management in TB suspects.

scholarly journals The Digestive Health among Participants of the Woodstock Rock Festival in Poland—A Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
Dominika Maciejewska ◽  
Karina Ryterska ◽  
Joanna Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints

Alterations of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier and the gut-brain axis may be involved in pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of digestive tract symptoms and identify common variables potentially disrupting the gut-brain axis among participants of the Woodstock Festival Poland, 2017. In total 428 people filled in a questionnaire assessing health of their digestive tract. The investigator collected answers on an electronic device, while the study participant responded using a paper version of the same questionnaire. Liver and gallbladder related symptoms were the most prevalent among our study group (n = 266, 62%), however symptoms related to altered intestinal permeability were found to be the most intensive complaints. In females the intensity of gastrointestinal complaints was higher compared to men (p < 0.05), as well as the incidence of factors with the potential to alter gut-brain axis (p < 0.0001). Chronic psychological distress, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics, were the most common associations with gastrointestinal symptoms, which were the most prevalent in females. Further attention should be focused on stress as one of the main factors negatively influencing public health.

scholarly journals Associations between water-treatment methods and diarrhoea in HIV-positive individuals

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. S. EISENBERG ◽  
T. J. WADE ◽  
A. HUBBARD ◽  
D. I. ABRAMS ◽  
R. J. LEISER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Boiled Water

This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of drinking water patterns, medication usage, and episodes of diarrhoea among HIV-positive persons attending clinics associated with the San Francisco Community Consortium. We present combined results from our previously published work in one clinic (n = 226) with data from these two additional clinics (n = 458). In this combined analysis we employed logistic regression and marginal structural modelling of the data. The relative risk of diarrhoea for ‘always’ vs. ‘never’ drinking boiled water was 0.68 (95% CI 0.45–1.04) and for ‘always’ vs. ‘never’ drinking bottled water was 1.22 (95% CI 0.82–1.82). Drinking filtered water was unrelated to diarrhoea [1.03 (95% CI 0.78, 1.35) for ‘always’ vs. ‘never’ drinking filtered water]. Adjustment for confounding did not have any notable effect on the point estimates (0.61, 1.35 and 0.98 for boiled, bottled, and filtered water respectively, as defined above). The risk of diarrhoea was lower among those consuming boiled water but this finding was not statistically significant. Because of these findings, the importance of diarrhoea in immunocompromised individuals, and the limitations of cross-sectional data further prospective investigations of water consumption and diarrhoea among HIV-positive individuals are needed.

scholarly journals Factors influencing quality of life and predictors of low quality of life scores in patients on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross sectional study.

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunke O. Adeyeye ◽  
Olayinka O. Ogunleye ◽  
Ayodele Coker ◽  
Yetunde Kuyinu ◽  
Raymond T. Bamisile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing

There is paucity of information on the quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigeria. This study assessed the factors influencing their quality of life and the independent predictors of low quality of life scores. Two hundred and sixty consecutive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were evaluated for health related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of life instrument (WHOQoL-BREF). Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were related to the various domains of quality of life and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of low quality of life scores in the patients. The mean age of the patients was 36.7±12 years. Sex, age and marital status of patients were found to influence quality of life scores. The independent predictors of low quality of life scores were low monthly income, duration of the illness, concomitant illnesses, unemployment, advancing age and male gender. Several socio demographic and economic factors influenced the quality of life of patients with tuberculosis and are predictive of poor scores. It is important to consider these factors when treating patients with tuberculosis to optimise outcome of care.

scholarly journals Integrated care experiences and out-of-pocket expenditures: a cross-sectional survey of adults receiving treatment for HIV and hypertension in Malawi

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e032652
Author(s):  
Corrina Moucheraud ◽  
Matthew Hing ◽  
Juliet Seleman ◽  
Khumbo Phiri ◽  
Florence Chibwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Costs

ObjectivesAs HIV-positive individuals’ life expectancy extends, there is an urgent need to manage other chronic conditions during HIV care. We assessed the care-seeking experiences and costs of adults receiving treatment for both HIV and hypertension in Malawi.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with HIV-positive adults with hypertension at a health facility in Lilongwe that offers free HIV care and free hypertension screening, with antihypertensives available for purchase (n=199). Questions included locations and costs of all medication refills and preferences for these refill locations. Respondents were classified as using ‘integrated care’ if they refilled HIV and antihypertensive medications simultaneously. Data were collected between June and December 2017.ResultsOnly half of respondents reported using the integrated care offered at the study site. Among individuals using different locations for antihypertensive medication refills, the most frequent locations were drug stores and public sector health facilities which were commonly selected due to greater convenience and lower medication costs. Although the number of antihypertensive medications was equivalent between the integrated and non-integrated care groups, the annual total cost of care differed substantially (approximately US$21 in integrated care vs US$90 for non-integrated care)—mainly attributable to differences in other visit costs for non-integrated care (transportation, lost wages, childcare). One-third of those in the non-integrated care group reported no expenditure for antihypertensive medication, and six people in each group reported no annual hypertension care-seeking costs at all.ConclusionsIndividuals using integrated care saw efficiencies because, although they were more likely to pay for antihypertensive medications, they did not incur additional costs. These results suggest that preferences and experiences must be better understood to design effective policies and programmes for integrated care among adults on antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among prison inmates: A cross-sectional survey at the Correctional and Detention Facility of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Séri ◽  
Ange Koffi ◽  
Christine Danel ◽  
Timothée Ouassa ◽  
Marcel-Angora Blehoué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Detention Facility ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Clinical Features and Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in HIV-1 Positive and Negative Tanzanian Patients with Tuberculosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kennedy ◽  
Fiona M Whitelaw ◽  
Jacques Gutmann ◽  
Leslie Berger ◽  
Leonard Uiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Negative

Summary: Serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum β2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (9 HIV-positive, 26 HIV-negative). The provisional WHO clinical definition of AIDS for use in Africa was fulfilled by 89% of the HIV-positive and 65% of the HIV-negative patients. Median serum β2-M on admission was slightly higher in HIV-positive (3.17 mg/l) than in HIV-negative (2.85 mg/1) patients. Serum β2-M fell during treatment in 17/24 (71%) of HIV-negative and 3/7 (43%) HIV-positive patients followed up for 6 months. We conclude that serum β2-M is frequently raised in active tuberculosis, and is therefore an unreliable indicator of the stage of HIV disease in co-infected patients. The WHO clinical definition of AIDS also proved unreliable in patients with tuberculosis.

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