scholarly journals The Too-Much-Precision Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1573-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Loschelder ◽  
Malte Friese ◽  
Michael Schaerer ◽  
Adam D. Galinsky
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Statistical Mediation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Scale Granularity

Past research has suggested a fundamental principle of price precision: The more precise an opening price, the more it anchors counteroffers. The present research challenges this principle by demonstrating a too-much-precision effect. Five experiments (involving 1,320 experts and amateurs in real-estate, jewelry, car, and human-resources negotiations) showed that increasing the precision of an opening offer had positive linear effects for amateurs but inverted-U-shaped effects for experts. Anchor precision backfired because experts saw too much precision as reflecting a lack of competence. This negative effect held unless first movers gave rationales that boosted experts’ perception of their competence. Statistical mediation and experimental moderation established the critical role of competence attributions. This research disentangles competing theoretical accounts (attribution of competence vs. scale granularity) and qualifies two putative truisms: that anchors affect experts and amateurs equally, and that more precise prices are linearly more potent anchors. The results refine current theoretical understanding of anchoring and have significant implications for everyday life.

Occupational performance coaching for stroke survivors (OPC-Stroke): Understanding of mechanisms of actions

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 326-337
Author(s):  
Dorothy Kessler ◽  
Mary Y Egan ◽  
Claire-Jehanne Dubouloz ◽  
Sara McEwen ◽  
Fiona P Graham
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Performance Coaching

Introduction Occupational performance coaching modified for stroke survivors is a promising new intervention to improve occupational performance post stroke. In the intervention, following client-centred occupational goal-setting, clients are led through strengths-based problem-solving and experimentation. Emotional support, individualized education and goal-focused problem-solving are hypothesized as key elements. Examination of clients’ experiences is necessary to better understand how occupational performance coaching modified for stroke survivors works, and improve its potential effectiveness. Method A descriptive qualitative study was embedded in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Semi-structured interviews were completed with seven participants in the treatment arm who received occupational performance coaching modified for stroke survivors. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis. Findings Three categories were identified related to participants’ experiences of occupational performance coaching modified for stroke survivors: (a) the coaching was helpful; (b) the coaching provided opportunity for insightful reflection and (c) a different approach was preferred. Findings also lend support to the critical role of hypothesized key components and theorized mechanisms of action, and demonstrate the overarching role of the therapeutic relationship and the contribution of personal characteristics. Conclusion The revised theoretical understanding of occupational performance coaching modified for stroke survivors provides a valuable framework for communicating the actions that occupational therapists take in enabling occupation and emphasizes the role of the therapeutic relationship in client-centred approaches to improving occupational performance post stroke.

Downsize or rightsize? Changing KESC to K-ELECTRIC (Case A)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Nyla Aleem Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Content Type

Subject area Organizational restructuring strategy such as downsizing and rightsizing and their effects on organizational performance. Study level/applicability The case can be taught to graduate students of a business administration program for change management or human resources management courses. Case overview The case discusses a structural change strategy followed by a crisis management situation of a Pakistani state-owned enterprise with hierarchical structures, unclear work roles and workplace corruption and its shift toward a profitable company with rebranded mission and values. With the management takeover by the Abraaj Group, several issues were identified as major blocks to K-ELECTRIC’s performance. Drastic changes included information technology advancement, investment in infrastructure of generation capacity, marketing campaigns and corporate social responsibility initiatives with a record profit in 2011-2012, for the first time in 17 years. But, the greatest challenge to quality service and profitability was faced by the human resources department, to retrench 4,459 workers by offering a voluntary separation scheme to non-core management staff in 2009. However, disregarding the successful impact on business performance, only 300 workers (approximately) had accepted the package in early 2010, while the rest questioned the decision of outsourcing non-core jobs and demanded reinstatement with the company, followed by a series of protests in January 2010. K-ELECTRIC needed to make some sensitive and timely decisions to ensure efficient and quality service to its customers as its top agenda. Expected learning outcomes The outcomes include: to understand the challenges faced by a recently privatized public utility service to become lean and efficient without compromising on its public mission of providing electricity to the residents of the city; to analyze the factors that influence choice of restructuring strategies and their effects on the employment relationship and organizational performance; to recognize the critical role of leadership in choosing a voluntary downsizing strategy and analyzing the sense of urgency needed to execute the decision; and to recognize the role of legal and organizational consultancy needed in critical decision-making to prevent workplace violence. Supplementary materials Teaching notes and teaching guide.

scholarly journals The Role of Human Resources Management Towards Healthcare Providers Retention during Covid-19 Pandemic in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elsafty ◽  
Mohammad Ragheb
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

HRM has a significant role in motivating the employees and ensuring that every employee is satisfied with the HR practices. Healthcare providers have been facing stress and depression especially in Egypt, due to COVID-19. In this country, the healthcare providers are looking for alternatives to achieve satisfaction as COVID-19 has affected their jobs, salaries, incentives, and bonuses. The past studies have focused on assessing the HRM’s role in employee retention and satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. The past research discussed the impact of motivation, incentives, and rewards on the employees’ motivation. This study focused on evaluating the role of HRM towards the healthcare providers' retention during COVID-19 in Egypt. This study relied on the quantitative approach for achieving the findings and conclusion. The sample size of the study involved 120 healthcare providers working in different hospitals. The results revealed that intrinsic motivation, rewards, incentives, monetary benefits, and non-monetary benefits have an essential role in maintaining the healthcare providers during COVID-19. It is concluded that HR can play a significant role in retaining key healthcare providers in COVID-19. The elements including intrinsic motivation, incentives, non-monetary, and monetary benefits can play a significant part in retaining healthcare providers. HR departments should focus on releasing salaries on time, providing specific bonuses, and providing incentives to healthcare providers whenever they perform at their best level.

Local capacity building after crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wine Tesseur
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Local Capacity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Local Capacity Building

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of languages and translation in the context of capacity building in NGOs in Kyrgyzstan. It argues that language barriers can impede local capacity building, while translation can help in overcoming some of the issues encountered. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports on what NGO workers have said on the role of languages and translation in their work in 34 semi-structured interviews conducted in Kyrgyzstan in January 2018. The discussion is structured around a theoretical understanding of capacity building at three levels: the organisational level, the individual level and a broader enabling environment. Findings First, the paper demonstrates that knowledge of English plays a key role in accessing international funding and information. Second, it describes the challenges that NGO workers encounter when translating information related to development into Russian and Kyrgyz. Third, it argues that donors do not overtly consider the important role of languages. Together, the findings suggest that ignoring the role of languages and translation can have a negative effect on project outcomes and power relationships. Practical implications Policy recommendations for international NGOs and donors drawn from this case study and from comparative case studies on Peru and Malawi have been published in Crack et al. (2018). Originality/value The paper argues that taking the role of languages and translation into account can result in a more in-depth understanding of aspects that may contribute to better local capacity building.

Progressing the Governance Standards: Role of HR

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Rachna Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Business Units

To have a robust governance standard become a practice in an organisation requires both a lucid stating of the principles and code of conduct along with creating a culture where a respect for these principles is acknowledged and positively reinforced. The human resources team plays a critical role in this scenario by offering a cogent professional conduct template as well as fostering a sustained culture, reflective of this, given the interventions which HR can facilitate across business units and different sets of professional segments.

scholarly journals A Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Toxin Mutant That Fails To Oligomerize Has a Dominant Negative Phenotype

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1786-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Genisset ◽  
Cesira L. Galeotti ◽  
Pietro Lupetti ◽  
David Mercati ◽  
David A. G. Skibinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Mutant Toxin

ABSTRACT Most Helicobacter pylori strains secrete a toxin (VacA) that causes massive vacuolization of target cells and which is a major virulence factor of H. pylori. The VacA amino-terminal region is required for the induction of vacuolization. The aim of the present study was a deeper understanding of the critical role of the N-terminal regions that are protected from proteolysis when VacA interacts with artificial membranes. Using a counterselection system, we constructed an H. pylori strain, SPM 326-Δ49-57, that produces a mutant toxin with a deletion of eight amino acids in one of these protected regions. VacA Δ49-57 was correctly secreted by H. pylori but failed to oligomerize and did not have any detectable vacuolating cytotoxic activity. However, the mutant toxin was internalized normally and stained the perinuclear region of HeLa cells. Moreover, the mutant toxin exhibited a dominant negative effect, completely inhibiting the vacuolating activity of wild-type VacA. This loss of activity was correlated with the disappearance of oligomers in electron microscopy. These findings indicate that the deletion in VacA Δ49-57 disrupts the intermolecular interactions required for the oligomerization of the toxin.

The role of knowledge in international expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gulanowski ◽  
Nicolas Papadopoulos ◽  
Llynne Plante
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Born Global ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
English Only ◽  
Research Propositions

Purpose This paper aims to critically review and integrate the literature available on Uppsala (incremental) and Born Global (rapid) internationalization models and propose an integrative model that applies to both the initial and subsequent stages in internationalization. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on a systematic review and analysis of the relevant literature, using 87 articles from 28 journals which deal with the Uppsala and/or Born Global conceptualizations. Findings To date, the two views of internationalization have been presented as competing and fundamentally different explanations, as past research focuses mostly on the original 1977 Uppsala model without accounting for its five subsequent extensions (1990-2013) and not considering in sufficient depth the critical role of the knowledge construct in both models. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on English-only publications dealing expressly with the Born Global and Uppsala models; while some studies which address the focal theme tangentially may have been missed, the systematic approach to identifying the key studies of interest and the focus on a carefully delineated research domain provides confidence that the main studies relevant to the theme have been captured. Originality/value The study highlights the important role of knowledge in the internationalization of firms, and it addresses the current divide between the “incremental” and “rapid” conceptualizations which have impeded the development of theory, by positing six research propositions and an integrative model that accounts for both the incremental and rapid approaches.

Customer Value Creation for Risky Products: The Role of Brand Trust and Trusting Beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Carnevale ◽  
Yuliya Komarova Loureiro ◽  
Sertan Kabadayi
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Competence Beliefs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Trusting Beliefs

Consumers often perceive products and services as risky. As a result, they might perceive the same products as less valuable. While past research has investigated numerous ways of reducing the negative effect of perceived product risk on customers’ perceived value, surprisingly, the role of brand trust has not been taken into account. This article aims to fill this gap by investigating how consumers’ trust in a brand, as well as their trusting beliefs about the brand’s competence, benevolence and integrity, may moderate the relationship between consumers’ perceived product risk and consumers’ perceived value. By means of two empirical studies based on a panel of smartphone users, the authors propose and demonstrate that the trust customers have for a brand can mitigate the negative effect of perceived product risk on perceived value of products with the same brand name. Importantly, findings also show that the various beliefs underlying trust have differential downstream effects. More specifically, while benevolence and integrity beliefs about a brand mitigate the negative effect of perceived product risk on customers’ perceived value, competence beliefs were found irrelevant to the effect of risk on value. These findings inform and guide marketing practitioners’ efforts to cultivate specific, rather than generic, trusting beliefs to ultimately create and maximize value for their customers who otherwise view these products as risky.

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