scholarly journals Integrating fire-scar, charcoal and fungal spore data to study fire events in the boreal forest of northern Europe

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1480-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normunds Stivrins ◽  
Tuomas Aakala ◽  
Liisa Ilvonen ◽  
Leena Pasanen ◽  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Fire Scar

Fire is a major disturbance agent in the boreal forest, influencing many current and future ecosystem conditions and services. Surprisingly few studies have attempted to improve the accuracy of fire-event reconstructions even though the estimates of the occurrence of past fires may be biased, influencing the reliability of the models employing those data (e.g. C stock, cycle). This study aimed to demonstrate how three types of fire proxies – fire scars from tree rings, sedimentary charcoal and, for the first time in this context, fungal spores of Neurospora – can be integrated to achieve a better understanding of past fire dynamics. By studying charcoal and Neurospora from sediment cores from forest hollows, and the fire scars from tree rings in their surroundings in the southern Fennoscandian and western Russian boreal forest, we produced composite fire-event data sets and fire-event frequencies, and estimated fire return intervals. Our estimates show that the fire return interval varied between 126 and 237 years during the last 11,000 years. The highest fire frequency during the 18th–19th century can be associated with the anthropogenic influence. Importantly, statistical tests revealed a positive relationship between other fire event indicators and Neurospora occurrence allowing us to pinpoint past fire events at times when the sedimentary charcoal was absent, but Neurospora were abundant. We demonstrated how fire proxies with different temporal resolution can be linked, providing potential improvements in the reliability of fire history reconstructions from multiple proxies.

Fire disturbance of larch woodlands in string fens in northern Québec

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Busque ◽  
Dominique Arseneault
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Large Fires

In this study, dendrochronology was used to reconstruct the fire history and associated dynamics of the last 350 years in three larch (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K. Koch) woodlands in string fens of the northern boreal forest of Quebec. Fire scars were also sampled to reconstruct the fire history across the surrounding uplands. Our results show that string fens are more likely to experience partial disturbance than complete removal of the tree cover during fire. Although large fires burned across the studied landscape in 1733, 1787, 1865, and 1941, no stand-replacing fire has occurred in any of the studied woodlands. At all sites, the oldest larch trees became established around 1640–1680, and several individuals survived each fire identified across the uplands. However, partial disturbance during the most recent 1941 fire, which was associated with severe fire weather, decreased tree density and released the growth of several trees. Although signs of previous fire may have been lost through wood decay, no fire impacted larch growth as severely as the 1941 fire, further emphasizing the modest influence of fire in string fens as compared with uplands. The low fire influence in these minerotrophic peatlands helps explain the high occurrence of the fire-sensitive eastern larch.Key words: boreal forest, fire disturbance, larch woodland, Larix laricina, northern Quebec, string fen.

scholarly journals Fire history and climate-growth response of Abies spectabilis : A case from Langtang National Park, Nepal Himalaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
S. Basnet ◽  
N. P. Gaire ◽  
P. K. Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Abies Spectabilis

This study presents the potential of a conifer species (Abies spectabilis D. Don) to reconstruct fire history by using dendro chronological technique along with thedendroclimatic response in Langtang National Park, Central Himalaya of Nepal. For the fire history reconstruction, altogether eight cross-sections samples from fire affected eight trees and another 20 tree-cores from 10 trees with visible fire scars were taken. In the case of dendroclimatic study, 24 healthy cores of A. spectabilis were selected from the 40 cores extracted from 19 trees. The standard dendro chronological methodology was used for sample preparation and analysis. A 199-year long ring-width chronology of A. spectabilis spanning from 1818 to 2016 AD was developed. In spite of visible fire burn in near bark-surface, no potential fire scars are seen in inner parts in the cross-section samples. However, 12 cores showed that three fire burns occurred simultaneously in the forest area in the years 1917−1918, 1969−1970 and 2009−2010, respectively. Tree-ring-based fire event-record is found to be concurrent to the local people's perceptions/experience about the past fire history in the area. Tree growth climate relationship showed sensitive responses to both growing and non-growing season’s temperature and precipitation variability. Summer temperature had positive influence on growth of the species. Precipitation of monsoon and autumn were found to have negative influence on radial growth whereas pre-monsoon precipitation had positive association with tree radial-growth. This preliminary assessment shows that there is a huge potential of tree-ring research for long-term fire history in the region and helps us to better understand the role of fire in the ecology and management in the Himalayan region. The study can also be replicated in other fire-affected areas of the Himalayan region by using fire sensitive species in the sampling.

Lepidoptera wing scales: a new paleoecological indicator for reconstructing spruce budworm abundance

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Navarro ◽  
Anne-Élizabeth Harvey ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Size Scales ◽  
Forest Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Wing Scales

Natural disturbances have a major impact on boreal forest landscape dynamics, and although fire history is well documented at the Holocene scale, spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) (SBW) dynamics have only been known for the last three centuries. This is likely due to the difficulty in using and interpreting existing indicators (cephalic head capsules and feces). In this methodological study, we present an original approach using lepidopteran wing scales to reconstruct insect abundance. We analyzed two sediment cores from the boreal forest in central Quebec and extracted wing scales at every stratigraphic level. The required quantity of sediment for paleoecological analysis is relatively small given the large quantity of wing scales produced by Lepidoptera and their small size. Scales are well preserved due to their chitinous structure and their great variety of shapes offer a high potential for taxonomic identification. A statistical model based on the shape of scales of the three major epidemic lepidopterans in Quebec discriminated 68% of SBW scales. This indicator allows a more efficient and more precise reconstruction of SBW history with respect to the use of cephalic head capsules or feces.

Fire history in a Sequoiasempervirens forest at Salt Point State Park, California

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Finney ◽  
Robert E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Substantial Bias ◽  
Fire Intervals ◽  
Redwood Forest ◽  
Composite Data

Fire occurrence data between the 12th and 20th centuries were obtained from analysis of fire scars on coast redwood (Sequoiasempervirens (D. Don.) Endl.) and bishop pine (Pinusmuricata D. Don.). Mean fire intervals were calculated for settlement and presettlement periods from fire scar samples individually (point data) and from composites of samples aggregated within three approximately 200-ha study areas. Mean fire intervals from point data (20.5 to 29.0 years) were more than three times greater than mean intervals from composite data (6.1 to 9.3 years). Mean fire intervals derived from point data compared well with values previously reported, although substantial bias ascribed to point data suggests that these values for mean fire intervals in redwood forest communities are too large. A period of significantly longer fire intervals during the 17th century was suggested by analysis of fire intervals by century and using a moving average.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of fire history in Mexican tropical pines using tree rings

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (05) ◽  
pp. 553-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Cassell ◽  
Ernesto Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽  
Sierra De Manantlán

A dendropyrochronological study was conducted in pine-dominated forest in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve located in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range in Mexico. Tropical pines present several difficulties for tree-ring research including missing, false and diffuse rings. This paper discusses the methods that were used to analyze tree rings in order to reconstruct fire history based on the dating of fire scars sampled from tropical pines.

Comparing methods of reconstructing fire history using fire scars in a southwestern United States ponderosa pine forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L Van Horne ◽  
Peter Z Fulé
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Fire Intervals

Fire scars have been used to understand the historical role of fire in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) ecosystems, but sampling methods and interpretation of results have been criticized for being statistically invalid and biased and for leading to exaggerated estimates of fire frequency. We compared "targeted" sampling, random sampling, and grid-based sampling to a census of all 1479 fire-scarred trees in a 1 km2 study site in northern Arizona. Of these trees, 1246 were sufficiently intact to collect cross-sections; of these, 648 had fire scars that could be cross-dated to the year of occurrence in the 200-year analysis period. Given a sufficient sample size (approximately n ≥ 50), we concluded that all tested sampling methods resulted in accurate estimates of the census fire frequency, with mean fire intervals within 1 year of the census mean. We also assessed three analytical techniques: (1) fire intervals from individual trees, (2) the interval between the tree origin and the first scar, and (3) proportional filtering. "Bracketing" fire regime statistics to account for purported uncertainty associated with targeted sampling was not useful. Quantifying differences in sampling approaches cannot resolve all the limitations of fire-scar methods, but does strengthen interpretation of these data.

scholarly journals Fire History (1896–2013) in an Abies religiosa Forest in the Sierra Norte of Puebla, Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Julián Cerano-Paredes ◽  
Dante A. Rodríguez-Trejo ◽  
José M. Iniguez ◽  
Rosalinda Cervantes-Martínez ◽  
José Villanueva-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Abies Religiosa

The oyamel forests, as Abies dominated forests are commonly known as, register their largest distribution (95% of their population) along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Although efforts have been made to study these forests with various approaches, dendrochronology-based studies have been limited, particularly in pure Abies forests in this region. The objective of this study was to reconstruct fire regimes in an Abies religiosa forest in the Sierra Norte in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Within an area of 50-ha, we collected 40 fire-scar samples, which were processed and analyzed using dendrochronological techniques to identify 153 fire scars. The fire history was reconstructed for a period of 118 years (1896–2013), with low severity surface fires occurring mainly during in the spring (92.8%) and summer (7.2%). Over the past century, fires were frequent, with an mean fire interval (MFI) and Weibull median probability of (WMPI) of five years when considering all fire scars and less than 10 years for fires covering larger areas (fires recorded by ≥25% of samples). Extensive fires were synchronized with drought conditions based on Ring Width Indexes, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). After 1983, we observed a change in fire frequencies attributed to regulated management. Longer fire intervals within the last several decades are likely leading to increased fuel accumulations and could potentially result in more severe fires in the future, threatening the sustainability of these forests. Based on our finding, we recommend management actions (silvicultural or prescribed fire) to reduce fuels and the risk of severe fires, particularly in the face of climatic changes.

Can scar-based fire history reconstructions be biased? An experimental study in boreal Scots pine

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura Piha ◽  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
Henrik Lindberg ◽  
Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Frequency Area

Determining forest fire history is commonly based on fire scar dating with dendrochronological methods. We used an experimental setup to investigate the impacts of low-intensity prescribed fire on fire scar formation 8 years after fire in 12 young managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. Five stands were between 30 and 35 years old and seven were 45 years old at the time of burning. A total of 217 fire scars were recorded in 142 trees. The number of separate scars per tree originating from a single fire ranged from 1 to 6, with 67% of the trees having just one scar. The proportion of fire-scarred trees out of all trees per plot ranged from 0% to 30%, averaging 16.5% in young stands and 2.8% in older stands. Four of the 12 burned plots did not have any trees with fire scars, and these were all in the older age group. This means that in the older stands, in only three of seven plots (43%) did the fire leave scars from which fire can potentially be detected and dated afterwards. Our results suggest that fire scar dating in Scots pine dominated forests may underestimate fire frequency, area, and the importance of historically common low-intensity surface fires in dendrochronological reconstructions of past fire histories.

scholarly journals Spatially explicit fire-climate history of the boreal forest-tundra (Eastern Canada) over the last 2000 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1501) ◽  
pp. 2299-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Payette ◽  
Louise Filion ◽  
Ann Delwaide
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
History Of

Across the boreal forest, fire is the main disturbance factor and driver of ecosystem changes. In this study, we reconstructed a long-term, spatially explicit fire history of a forest-tundra region in northeastern Canada. We hypothesized that current occupation of similar topographic and edaphic sites by tundra and forest was the consequence of cumulative regression with time of forest cover due to compounding fire and climate disturbances. All fires were mapped and dated per 100 year intervals over the last 2000 years using several fire dating techniques. Past fire occurrences and post-fire regeneration at the northern forest limit indicate 70% reduction of forest cover since 1800 yr BP and nearly complete cessation of forest regeneration since 900 yr BP. Regression of forest cover was particularly important between 1500s–1700s and possibly since 900 yr BP. Although fire frequency was very low over the last 100 years, each fire event was followed by drastic removal of spruce cover. Contrary to widespread belief of northward boreal forest expansion due to recent warming, lack of post-fire recovery during the last centuries, in comparison with active tree regeneration more than 1000 years ago, indicates that the current climate does not favour such expansion.

Stratigraphic Charcoal Analysis on Petrographic Thin Sections: Application to Fire History in Northwestern Minnesota

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Charcoal Analysis ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fire Scar

Results of stratigraphic charcoal analysis from thin sections of varved lake sediments have been compared with fire scars on red pine trees in northwestern Minnesota to determine if charcoal data accurately reflect fire regimes. Pollen and opaque-spherule analyses were completed from a short core to confirm that laminations were annual over the last 350 yr. A good correspondence was found between fossil-charcoal and fire-scar data. Individual fires could be identified as specific peaks in the charcoal curves, and times of reduced fire frequency were reflected in the charcoal data. Charcoal was absent during the fire-suppression era from 1920 A.D. to the present. Distinct charcoal maxima from 1864 to 1920 occurred at times of fire within the lake catchment. Fire was less frequent during the 19th century, and charcoal was substantially less abundant. Fire was frequent from 1760 to 1815, and charcoal was abundant continuously. Fire scars and fossil charcoal indicate that fires did not occur during 1730–1750 and 1670–1700. Several fires occurred from 1640 to 1670 and 1700 to 1730. Charcoal counted from pollen preparations in the area generally do not show this changing fire regime. Simulated “sampling” of the thin-section data in a fashion comparable to pollen-slide methods suggests that sampling alone is not sufficient to account for differences between the two methods. Integrating annual charcoal values in this fashion still produced much higher resolution than the pollen-slide method, and the postfire suppression decline of charcoal characteristic of my method (but not of pollen slides) is still evident. Consideration of the differences in size of fragments counted by the two methods is necessary to explain charcoal representation in lake sediments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document