Toxicopathological effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basir ◽  
Ahrar Khan ◽  
Riaz Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Zargham Khan ◽  
Farzana Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) on clinical, hematological, biochemical and pathological alterations in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). New Zealand white female rabbits (n = 24) of 4-5 months age having 997.92 ± 32.83 g weight were divided into four equal groups. Group A (control) received normal saline intraperitoneally (ip). Animals in groups B, C and D were treated with LCT 1.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg bw ip. Each group received seven consecutive doses at an interval of 48 hours. Blood and serum samples were collected at an interval of 96 hours. Blood analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cell and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils were increased. Serum biochemical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum total proteins and serum albumin, while an increase was seen in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities compared with the control group. Serum globulin values varied non-significantly in all treatment groups as compared to control group. A dose-dependent increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte was observed. All gross and histopathological lesions observed in LCT-treated rabbits were dose-dependent. Liver of the treated rabbits exhibited extensive perihepatitis, hyperplasia of bile duct, necrosis, hemorrhages and congestion. In lungs, there were hemorrhages, thickened alveolar walls, congestion, emphysema, collapsed alveoli and accumulation of extensive inflammatory cells. Kidneys were congested and hemorrhagic whereas renal parenchyma and stroma were normal. Microscopically, heart showed congestion of blood vessels and nuclear pyknosis, myodegeneration. It was concluded from the study that LCT produced toxicopathological alterations in rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that overdosing of LCT be avoided while treating animals for ectoparasites.

scholarly journals Hematological parameters in Nile Tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-letal concentrations of mercury

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Massuo Ishikawa ◽  
Maria José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva ◽  
Julio Vicente Lombardi ◽  
Cláudia Maris Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Set Up

Mercury toxicity in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus, 1758) was investigated by the hematological parameters after long-term (14 days) exposure to various Hg concentrations (0.02, 0.002, 0.0002mg/L Hg). Test groups were set up with three replicates for each concentration, plus the control group. Blood samples were collected from six individuals for each concentration at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of exposure. The hematological parameters analyzed were: total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total white blood cell count (WBC) and differential leukocyte counts and total thrombocyte count (Tr). There were no significant differences among the mean hematological values at the different Hg concentrations indicating that Hg at the concentrations studied was not toxic to tilapia.

scholarly journals Weight-length relationship, condition factor and blood parameters of farmed Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Cichlidae) in central Amazon

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Tavares-Dias ◽  
Adriana Maria de Castro Monteiro ◽  
Elizabeth Gusmão Affonso ◽  
Kárlia Dalla Santa Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Length Relationship

Farming of native carnivore fish species has drawn attention due to their promising use in aquaculture. Among these species, tucunaré of the genus Cichla stand out, them being of high economical interest for sport fishing and Amazon's industry of ornamental fish. The present study describes the weight-length relationship (WLR), relative condition factor (Kn), red blood cell parameters, thrombocytes and leukocytes count of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821, farmed in central Amazon. Fish that underwent food training during fingerling culture received extruded ration containing 45% of crude protein during fattening, and had Kn with values from 0.925-1.199, which indicated good health condition during the culture. The equation obtained from the WLR was W = 0.0073Lt3.1435, indicating an isometric growth, which is the desirable for fish of fish farm. Red blood cell counts, total thrombocyte and leukocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), concentration of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC), lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils had intra-specific variation. A significant (p<0.001) positive correlation of the red blood cells number with the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit was found. These are the first sets of blood parameters for C. temensis and could be used as reference for comparison in further studies to evaluate the health status of this fish in different environments, because assessment of these parameters may be used as quick tool for diagnosing diseases, stress and malnutrition.

scholarly journals Oral Administration of Ren-Shen-Yang-Rong-Tang ‘Ninjin’yoeito’ Protects against Hematotoxicity and Induces Immature Erythroid Progenitor Cells in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Anemia

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihide Takano ◽  
Yasuyuki Ohta ◽  
Tomoaki Tanaka ◽  
Kenroh Sasaki ◽  
Kyoko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of four different Japanese and Chinese herbal prescriptions, Ren-Shen-Yang-Rong-Tang (Ninjin’yoeito, NYT), Chai-Hu-Gui-Zhi-Gan-Jiang-Tang (Saikokeishikankyoto, SKKT), Si-Jun-Zi-Tang (Shikunshito, SKT) and Si-Wu-Tang (Shimotsuto, SMT), which are traditionally used for anemia and fatigue, against hematotoxicity in mice treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). NYT 1–100 mg kg–1day–1injected orally for 7 consecutive days before and after 5-FU injection significantly suppressed reductions in red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts in peripheral blood, and accelerated their recovery. Administration of SKKT also produced a slight but significant improvement in 5-FU-induced erythrocytopenia, whereas SMT and SKT could not prevent anemia. Oral injection of NYT also inhibited 5-FU-induced decreases in peripheral reticulocyte and bone marrow cell counts on day 10, and markedly hastened their recovery on day 20, in a dose-dependent manner. Erythroid progenitor colonies, such as colony forming units-erythroid and burst forming units-erythroid, formed by marrow cells from mice treated with 5-FU were significantly increased by oral administration of NYT. These findings suggest that NYT has the potential to protect against hematotoxicity, and also has hematopoietic activity, through stimulation of immature erythroid progenitor cell differentiation.

scholarly journals TrigonellaeSemen Enhances Sperm Motility and the Expression of the Cation Sperm Channel Proteins in Mouse Testes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Rim Kim ◽  
Hyu Young Kim ◽  
Ha Young Kim ◽  
Mun Seog Chang ◽  
Seong Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Channel Proteins ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Genetic defects during spermatogenesis can lead to a reduction in sperm motility and cause male infertility. The cation channels of sperm (CatSper) play a role in the regulation of hyperactivated sperm motility in mouse testes. The effect ofTrigonellaeSemen (TS) on the male reproductive system and CatSper protein in mouse testes during spermatogenesis was examined. C57BL/c mice were divided into the following five groups: normal, cyclophosphamide- (CP-) only treated (control group), and three groups treated with varying concentrations of TS with CP (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg TS and 100 mg/kg CP). Real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and a testosterone immunoassay were performed to assess CatSper protein levels in the five groups. Additionally, sperm cell counts and motility were examined. Results indicate that sperm motility and sperm counts increased in the TS treated groups in a dose-dependent manner(p<0.01). CatSper levels were also significantly higher in the TS treated groups compared to that of the control group(p<0.001). Therefore, TS treatment could enhance sperm function by promoting spermatogenesis and the expression of CatSper proteins in mouse testes.

scholarly journals 142 Effects of antibiotics on blood profiles in weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of antibiotics on blood profiles and serum inflammatory mediators of weaned pigs experimentally infected with F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Twenty-six pigs (6.88 ± 1.03 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of three treatments with 8–12 replicate pigs per treatment. The three dietary treatments were control diet and 2 additional diets supplemented with 0.5 or 50 mg/kg carbadox, respectively. The experiment lasted 18 d (7 d before and 11 d after first inoculation [d 0]). F18 E. coli inoculum was daily and orally as 1010 cfu/3 mL for 3 d. Blood samples were collected before E. coli inoculation and on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Total and differential blood cell count were analyzed by CBC test. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS. Supplementation of low-dose antibiotics had greatest (P < 0.05) neutrophils but lowest (P < 0.05) monocytes on d 2 PI, compared with control and high-dose antibiotics groups. Pigs in the low-dose antibiotics group still had higher (P < 0.05) white blood cell counts and lymphocytes than pigs in the other groups on d 11 PI. In consistent with CBC results, pigs supplemented with low-dose antibiotics had greatest (P < 0.05) serum C-reactive protein on d 2 and 5 PI and serum TNF-α on d 5 PI, compared with pigs in the control and high-dose antibiotics groups. No differences were observed in the red blood cell profiles between pigs in control and low-dose antibiotics groups, whereas supplementation of high-dose antibiotics had lowest (P < 0.05) packed cell volume but highest (P < 0.05) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration among three treatments. In conclusion, low-dose antibiotic supplementation may exacerbate systemic inflammation caused by F18 E. coli infection.

scholarly journals Pathological changes and antigen localization in the small intestine of rabbits infected with Eimeria magna

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
X. Yuan ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
X. F. Hu ◽  
F. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Group B

<p>Coccidiosis is a major disease caused by various <em>Eimeria</em> species in rabbits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the haematological and pathological changes in rabbits infected with <em>E. magna</em>. Moreover, the localisation of coccidial antigens was examined in the intestines of rabbits with two kinds of serum as primary antibodies. In the present study, forty-five 28-day-old weaned rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and reared in three separate places. Group A was infected with 20×10<sup>3</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>E. magna</em>, group B was only used to produce anti-<em>E. intestinalis</em> serum by infecting them with 3×10<sup>3</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>E. intestinalis</em>, and group C was designated as the control group. According to histopathological evaluation of group A, the epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum were parasitised with a large number of oocysts and other stages of <em>E. magna</em>. The haematological results showed that red blood cell counts, haemoglobin counts, haematocrit levels and the percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in group A compared with group C (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01), but white blood cell counts and the percentage of neutrophils were significantly increased (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01). The weight of group A began to decrease on the 5<sup>th</sup> day after infection, and this decrease continued until the 9th day. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that two kinds of coccidial antigens were basically located at the same sites of the intestine when anti-<em>E. intestinalis</em> serum and anti-<em>E. magna</em> serum were used as primary antibodies. Most likely, <em>E. magna</em> and <em>E. intestinalis</em> antigens have some similar antigenic determinants; this finding provides a theoretical basis for screening for common antigens of these two coccidian species.</p>

scholarly journals Prophylactic and Curative Potency of Alchornea laxiflora Extract on Plasmodium berghei Infected Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Omoya, Funmilola Oluyemi ◽  
Oloruntuyi, Adedayo Blessing
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in Nigeria and in Africa at large as everyone is at risk of the infection. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Alchornea laxiflora leaf extracts against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Materials and Methods: In vivo antimalarial assay on chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei-infected mice was carried out by oral administration of graded doses (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) of methanolic and chloroform extracts using chloroquine and distilled water as positive and negative control respectively. Prophylactic potential in residual infection and curative assay against established infection were tested in P. berghei-infected mice. The assay was performed using 4-day suppressive standard test. Results: The prophylactic efficacy of methanolic and chloroform leaf extacts showed percentage chemosuppression of 72.37% and 66.32% respectively at oral dose of 600 mg/kg. The methanol leaf extract of A. laxiflora displayed the highest curative activity of percentage chemosuppression of 98.36% at oral dose of 600 mg/kg. The extracts displayed dose-dependent significant (p ≤ 0.05) antiplasmodial activity as compared to the control. Haematological analysis revealed an increase in packed cell volume, red blood cell, haemoglobin and white blood cell counts on dose-dependent manner in the treated mice compared to the negative control mice. Conclusion: The high suppressive values obtained in this study show that the tested leaf extracts of Alchornea laxiflora might be a good alternative drug for the treatment of malaria infection in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effect of Synchronous Versus Sequential Regimens on the Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Regorafenib with Irradiation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Tung-Hu Tsai ◽  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Chen-Hsi Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was performed to evaluate the interaction between conventional or high-dose radiotherapy (RT) and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of regorafenib in concurrent or sequential regimens for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Concurrent and sequential in vitro and in vivo studies of irradiation and regorafenib were designed. The interactions of RT and regorafenib in vitro were examined in the human hepatoma Huh-7, HA22T and Hep G2 cell lines. The RT–PK phenomenon and biodistribution of regorafenib under RT were confirmed in a free-moving rat model. Regorafenib inhibited the viability of Huh-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis in Huh-7 cells was enhanced by RT followed by regorafenib treatment. In the concurrent regimen, RT decreased the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)regorafenib by 74% (p = 0.001) in the RT2 Gy × 3 fraction (f’x) group and by 69% (p = 0.001) in the RT9 Gy × 3 f’x group. The AUCregorafenib was increased by 182.8% (p = 0.011) in the sequential RT2Gy × 1 f’x group and by 213.2% (p = 0.016) in the sequential RT9Gy × 1 f’x group. Both concurrent regimens, RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, clearly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib in the heart, liver, lung, spleen and kidneys, compared to the control (regorafenib × 3 d) group. The concurrent regimens, both RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, significantly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib, compared with the control group. The PK of regorafenib can be modulated both by off-target irradiation and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

scholarly journals Effect of lemon peel flavonoids on anti-fatigue and anti-oxidation capacities of exhaustive exercise mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guili Bao ◽  
Yinglong Zhang ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractIn this study, lemon peel flavonoids (LPF) were administered to investigate its effect on the anti-fatigue and antioxidant capacity of mice that undergo exercise until exhaustion. LPF (88.36 min in LPFH group mice) significantly increased the exhaustion swimming time compare to the untreated mice (40.36 min), increased the liver glycogen and free fatty acid content in mice and reduce lactic acid and BUN content in a dose-dependent manner. As the concentration of lemon peel flavonoids increased, the serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels of mice gradually decreased. LPF increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in mice and reduces malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner. And LPF raises hepatic tissue SOD, CAT activities and reduces skeletal muscle tissue iNOS, TNF-α levels of mice compared to the control group. LPF also enhanced the expression of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and CAT mRNA in mouse liver tissue. LPF also enhanced the expression of alanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 1 (ASCT1) mRNA and attenuate the expression of syncytin-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in mouse skeletal muscle. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, it was found that LPF contains flavonoids such as rutin, astragalin, isomangiferin, naringin, and quercetin. Our experimental data show that LPF has good anti-fatigue effects and anti-oxidation ability. In summary, LPF has high prospects to be developed and added to nutritional supplements.

scholarly journals Biochemical and biological activity of arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes M22

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora A. Starikova ◽  
Alexey V. Sokolov ◽  
Anna Yu. Vlasenko ◽  
Larisa A. Burova ◽  
Irina S. Freidlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group A ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Dose Dependent

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) is an important gram-positive extracellular bacterial pathogen responsible for a number of suppurative infections. This micro-organism has developed complex virulence mechanisms to avoid the host’s defenses. We have previously reported that SDSC from GAS type M22 causes endothelial-cell dysfunction, and inhibits cell adhesion, migration, metabolism, and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting cell viability. This work aimed to isolate and characterize a component from GAS type M22 supernatant that suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926). In the process of isolating a protein possessing antiproliferative activity we identified arginine deiminase (AD). Further study showed that this enzyme is most active at pH 6.8. Calculating Km and Vmax gave the values of 0.67 mmol·L–1 and 42 s−1, respectively. A distinctive feature of AD purified from GAS type M22 is that its optimum activity and the maximal rate of the catalytic process is close to neutral pH by comparison with enzymes from other micro-organisms. AD from GAS type M22 suppressed the proliferative activity of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent mode. At the same time, in the presence of AD, the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase increased. When l-Arg was added at increasing concentrations to the culture medium containing AD (3 μg·mL–1), the enzyme’s capacity to inhibit cell proliferation became partially depressed. The proportion of cells in phases S/G2 increased concomitantly, although the cells did not fully recover their proliferation activity. This suggests that AD from GAS type M22 has potential for the suppression of excessive cell proliferation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document