When less time is preferred: An analysis of the conceptualization and measurement of overemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hiemer ◽  
Maike Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consistent Approach

Socioeconomic panel data indicate that numerous employees would prefer to work less, i.e. that they are overemployed. However, due to inconsistent definitions and divergent operationalizations of overemployment, integrating existing research results is challenging and implications for research and practice are difficult to draw. To advance research in this field, we present an analysis of the concept and measurement of overemployment. To analyze the concept, we proceed in two steps. In step 1, we present the range of overemployment definitions in the literature and systematize the similarities and differences in these previous conceptualizations with the aim of arriving at an adequate definition of “overemployment.” In step 2, in view of the partial overlap between existing definitions of overemployment and other concepts used in past research, we demarcate overemployment from related concepts, identify conceptual distinctions between overemployment and other concepts and explore connections between concepts. To analyze the measurement of overemployment, we look at the bandwidth of content, measurement levels and question wording in overemployment measures and discuss the consequences of the different measures used for the overemployment rates found. We then present a consistent approach towards conceptualizing and measuring overemployment which aids future research on overemployment and similar concepts.

Leadership in Teams: A Functional Approach to Understanding Leadership Structures and Processes

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick P. Morgeson ◽  
D. Scott DeRue ◽  
Elizabeth P. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Team Leadership ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Team Success ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Critical Needs

As the use of teams has increased in organizations, research has begun to focus on the role of leadership in fostering team success. This review sought to summarize this literature and advance research and theory by focusing on leadership processes within a team and describing how team leadership can arise from four distinct sources inside and outside a team. Then, drawing from this inclusive, team-centric view of leadership, the authors describe 15 team leadership functions that help teams satisfy their critical needs and regulate their behavior in the service of goal accomplishment. This integrative view of team leadership enables the summarization of past research and identification of promising areas of future research.

Understanding Occupational Therapy: A Hermeneutic Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The term ‘hermeneutic’ has recently been appearing in the occupational therapy literature related to clinical reasoning but without an adequate definition of its meaning. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to offer a simple introduction to the term and discuss how it applies to clinical reasoning, thus providing occupational therapists with some of the language they will need to understand this relatively new concept fully. Drawing on literature from nursing, physiotherapy, psychology and occupational therapy, this article examines a hermeneutic approach to occupational therapy research and practice and, indeed, to an understanding of the concept of occupational therapy itself.

scholarly journals Defining work-zones for resource allocation in Hong Kong public housing project construction using heuristic rules and operations simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 657-680
Author(s):  
Zilu Lin ◽  
Francis Siu ◽  
Daniel Chan ◽  
Daniel Lau
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Heuristic Rules ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Definition Of

In Hong Kong, 6-day construction cycle always being used for constructing one typical floor of concrete building superstructure in a week. Work-zones are defined in the working platform for better allocation of limited resources. Once the work-zones are defined, the resources (labour, plant, materials) will be allocated to a specific zone to deliver the works on a particular day of the 6-day construction cycle. In practice, the definition of work-zone is dependent on the experience of project manager. Yet, there is no past research studied the evaluation of work-zone definition schemes. As such, in this research study, three heuristic rules are proposed for choosing better scheme of work-zone. The heuristic rules are based on (i) lengths of work-zone dividing line, (ii) fluctuations of daily duration, and (iii) utilisation rates of resource. To illustrate the steps of evaluating the scheme, an illustrative example is given. To illustrate the method application of the rules, a practical case study of constructing a 40-storey housing is given. The proposed rules were verified based on sensitivity analysis and expert validation. Conclusions are drawn by expressing the contributions and limitations of the proposed rules, followed by suggesting future research works.

scholarly journals Defining Quality in Undergraduate Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison W. Bowers ◽  
Shyam Ranganathan ◽  
Denise R. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Overview

Objectives: This research brief explores the literature addressing quality in undergraduate education to identify what previous research has said about quality and to offer future directions for research on quality in undergraduate education. Method: We conducted a scoping review to provide a broad overview of existing research. Using targeted search terms in academic databases, we identified and reviewed relevant academic literature to develop emergent themes and implications for future research. Results: The exploratory review of the literature revealed a range of thoughtful discussions and empirical studies attempting to define quality in undergraduate education. Many publications highlighted the importance of including different stakeholder perspectives and presented some of the varying perceptions of quality among different stakeholders. Conclusions: While a number of researchers have explored and written about how to define quality in undergraduate education, there is not a general consensus regarding a definition of quality in undergraduate education. Past research offers a range of insights, models, and data to inform future research. Implication for Theory and/or Practice: We provide four recommendations for future research to contribute to a high quality undergraduate educational experience. We suggest more comprehensive systematic reviews of the literature as a next step.

Ba and Communities of Practice in Research and Strategic Communities as a Way Forward

2011 ◽  
pp. 46-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Mäkäräinen-Suni ◽  
Jianzhong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This chapter primarily examines the concepts of ba and communities of practice. It explores how the concepts have been used in the previous knowledge management, organizational learning, and innovation research during a decade, from the year 1999 until 2009. The reviewed studies show that both concepts have been used in various industries and in various knowledge creation and knowledge sharing situations. The similarities and differences of concepts are compared, and the concept of strategic communities is proposed as a way forward in future research and practice in terms of ba and communities of practice. The chapter includes also a comparative view of each concept, in which its major contributions, limitations and complementary nature are highlighted.

scholarly journals Omnichannel Business

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Lehrer ◽  
Manuel Trenz
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrated Processes

AbstractThe widespread diffusion of digital technologies along with evolving consumer behaviors and requirements have fostered the emergence of omnichannel businesses, i.e., firms that can exploit integrated processes and information systems to realize a seamless and consistent consumer experience across a plenitude of digital and physical channels. To date, omnichannel research has been cluttered and characterized by significant terminological ambiguity that creates unnecessary challenges for researchers and markeeters trying to navigate and advance research and practice in this area. This fundamentals article seeks to address this problem by presenting a definition of omnichannel business that is grounded in its unique characteristics involving technology, organizational, and market perspectives and clearly distinguishes omnichannel from other terms, such as multi-channel or cross-channel. We leverage this conceptual clarity to analyze and structure the previous research on omnichannel business and conclude with an integrated framework that signifies fields of interest for future omnichannel business research.

Organizational and Personal Innovativeness

2012 ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Tajeddini ◽  
Keyvan Tajeddini
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Personal Constructs ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Personal Innovativeness ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The main objective of this research is to highlight the need to reconceptualize the theoretical constructs of innovativeness. This chapter examines the existing definitions of innovativeness, and provides a conceptual framework that considers this topic from an organizational to a personal perspective. The similarities and differences of each are reviewed, and a synthesized conceptualization of innovativeness is offered. A literature review examines innovativeness, taking a broad perspective of the topic in terms of research and practice as well as conceptualizing the relevant personal constructs. This study is limited in taking a marketing perspective. Implications for future research in innovativeness in practice are recommended.

Participation and Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Dean ◽  
Kim W. Fisher ◽  
Karrie A. Shogren ◽  
Michael L. Wehmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multiple Domains

Abstract Participation is a central aspect of human functioning and a key focus of research and practice in the intellectual disability field. However, there is not an accepted definition of participation that guides research and practice. To inform the development of a definition, a scoping review of the intellectual disability literature from 2001−2015 was conducted. Findings suggest that existing research rarely uses definitions of participation, but does examine participation across multiple domains and addresses issues of access and inclusion. Less focus was placed on individual aspects of participation such as meaning, responsibility, and choice. Based on the findings, implications for future research and practice are provided.

Methodologic Standards for Controlled Clinical Trials of Early Contact and Maternal-Infant Behavior

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Thomson ◽  
Michael S. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infant Behavior ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Treatment Contamination

To provide an objective evaluation of published studies on the effect of early contact on subsequent maternal-infant behavior, a set of 11 methodologic standards generally applicable to controlled clinical trials of perinatal care was developed. Sixteen reports of early contact trials were assessed and seven of the 11 standards were found to be satisfactorily fulfilled. The four "problem" standards were: adequate definition of subjects, randomization, subject bias, and treatment contamination (care giver) bias. Of the five best trials fulfilling eight or more of the standards, three reported a beneficial effect of early contact, while two demonstrated no effect. The evidence that early contact improves subsequent maternal-infant behavior thus remains inconclusive. It is urged that for future research in this domain more attention be given to adequate subject definition, strict randomization procedures, and safeguards against bias by the subjects or their care givers.

scholarly journals Fence Ecology: Frameworks for Understanding the Ecological Effects of Fences

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex McInturff ◽  
Wenjing Xu ◽  
Christine E Wilkinson ◽  
Nandintsetseg Dejid ◽  
Justin S Brashares
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Investigations of the links between human infrastructure and ecological change have provided eye-opening insights into humanity's environmental impacts and contributed to global environmental policies. Fences are globally ubiquitous, yet they are often omitted from discussions of anthropogenic impacts. In the present article, we address this gap through a systematic literature review on the ecological effects of fences. Our overview provides five major takeaways: 1) an operational definition of fencing to structure future research, 2) an estimate of fence densities in the western United States to emphasize the challenges of accounting for fences in human-footprint mapping, 3) a framework exhibiting the ecological winners and losers that fences produce, 4) a typology of fence effects across ecological scales to guide research, and 5) a summary of research trends and biases that suggest that fence effects have been underestimated. Through highlighting past research and offering frameworks for the future, we aim with this work to formalize the nascent field of fence ecology.

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