scholarly journals How Dynamic Brain Networks Tune Social Behavior in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Silston ◽  
Danielle S. Bassett ◽  
Dean Mobbs
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Core Set ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Neural Reuse ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
The Brain

During social interaction, the brain has the enormous task of interpreting signals that are fleeting, subtle, contextual, abstract, and often ambiguous. Despite the signal complexity, the human brain has evolved to be highly successful in the social landscape. Here, we propose that the human brain makes sense of noisy dynamic signals through accumulation, integration, and prediction, resulting in a coherent representation of the social world. We propose that successful social interaction is critically dependent on a core set of highly connected hubs that dynamically accumulate and integrate complex social information and, in doing so, facilitate social tuning during moment-to-moment social discourse. Successful interactions, therefore, require adaptive flexibility generated by neural circuits composed of highly integrated hubs that coordinate context-appropriate responses. Adaptive properties of the neural substrate, including predictive and adaptive coding, and neural reuse, along with perceptual, inferential, and motivational inputs, provide the ingredients for pliable, hierarchical predictive models that guide our social interactions.

scholarly journals Consensus-seeking and conflict-resolving ---an fMRI study on college couples’ shopping interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HanShin Jo ◽  
Chiu-Yueh Chen ◽  
Der-Yow Chen ◽  
Ming-Hung Weng ◽  
Chun-Chia Kung
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Decision Network ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Preference Ratings ◽  
Parietal Lobule

AbstractOne of the typical campus scenes is the social interaction between college couples, and the lesson couples must keep learning is to adapt to each other. This fMRI study investigated the shopping interactions of 30 college couples, one lying inside and the other outside the scanner, beholding the same item from two connected PCs, making preference ratings and subsequent buy/not-buy decisions. The behavioral results showed the clear modulation of significant others’ preferences onto one’s own decisions, and the contrast of the “shop-together vs. shop-alone”, and the “congruent (both liked or disliked the item, 68%) vs. incongruent (one liked but the other disliked, and vice versa)” together trials, both revealed bilateral temporal parietal junction (TPJ) among other reward-related regions, likely reflecting mentalizing during preference harmony. Moreover, when contrasting “own-high/other-low vs. own-low/other-high” incongruent trials, left anterior inferior parietal lobule (l-aIPL) was parametrically mapped, and the “yield (e.g., own-high/not-buy) vs. insist (e.g., own-low/not-buy)” modulation further revealed left lateral-IPL (l-lIPL), together with left TPJ forming a local social decision network that was further constrained by the mediation analysis among left TPJ-lIPL-aIPL. In sum, these results exemplify, via the two-person fMRI, the neural substrate of shopping interactions between couples.

scholarly journals Different impressions of other agents obtained through social interaction uniquely modulate dorsal and ventral pathway activities in the social human brain

Cortex ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Takahashi ◽  
Kazunori Terada ◽  
Tomoyo Morita ◽  
Shinsuke Suzuki ◽  
Tomoki Haji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ventral Pathway

The Social Brain and the Myth of Empathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Young
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Operational Models ◽  
The Brain

ArgumentNeuroscience research has created multiple versions of the human brain. The “social brain” is one version and it is the subject of this paper. Most image-based research in the field of social neuroscience is task-driven: the brain is asked to respond to a cognitive (perceptual) stimulus. The tasks are derived from theories, operational models, and back-stories now circulating in social neuroscience. The social brain comes with a distinctive back-story, an evolutionary history organized around three, interconnected themes: mind-reading, empathy, and the emergence of self-consciousness. This paper focuses on how empathy has been incorporated into the social brain and redefined via parallel research streams, employing a shared, imaging technology. The concluding section describes how these developments can be understood as signaling the emergence of a new version of human nature and the unconscious. My argument is not that empathy in the social brain is a myth, but rather that it is served by a myth consonant with the canons of science.

scholarly journals A spatiotemporal complexity architecture of human brain activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Krohn ◽  
Nina von Schwanenflug ◽  
Leonhard Waschke ◽  
Amy Romanello ◽  
Martin Gell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
The Brain

The human brain operates in large-scale functional networks, collectively subsumed as the functional connectome1-13. Recent work has begun to unravel the organization of the connectome, including the temporal dynamics of brain states14-20, the trade-off between segregation and integration9,15,21-23, and a functional hierarchy from lower-order unimodal to higher-order transmodal processing systems24-27. However, it remains unknown how these network properties are embedded in the brain and if they emerge from a common neural foundation. Here we apply time-resolved estimation of brain signal complexity to uncover a unifying principle of brain organization, linking the connectome to neural variability6,28-31. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we show that neural activity is marked by spontaneous "complexity drops" that reflect episodes of increased pattern regularity in the brain, and that functional connections among brain regions are an expression of their simultaneous engagement in such episodes. Moreover, these complexity drops ubiquitously propagate along cortical hierarchies, suggesting that the brain intrinsically reiterates its own functional architecture. Globally, neural activity clusters into temporal complexity states that dynamically shape the coupling strength and configuration of the connectome, implementing a continuous re-negotiation between cost-efficient segregation and communication-enhancing integration9,15,21,23. Furthermore, complexity states resolve the recently discovered association between anatomical and functional network hierarchies comprehensively25-27,32. Finally, brain signal complexity is highly sensitive to age and reflects inter-individual differences in cognition and motor function. In sum, we identify a spatiotemporal complexity architecture of neural activity — a functional "complexome" that gives rise to the network organization of the human brain.

scholarly journals Reasons for requests

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Baranova ◽  
Mark Dingemanse
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Systematic Collection

Reasons play an important role in social interaction. We study reasons-giving in the context of request sequences in Russian. By contrasting request sequences with and without reasons, we are able to shed light on the interactional work people do when they provide reasons or ask for them. In a systematic collection of request sequences in everyday conversation ( N = 158), we find reasons in a variety of sequential positions, showing the various points at which participants may orient to the need for a reason. Reasons may be left implicit (as in many minimal requests that are readily complied with), or they can be made explicit. Participants may make reasons explicit either as part of the initial formulation of a request or in an interactionally contingent way. Across sequential positions, we show that reasons for requests recurrently deal with three possible issues: (1) providing information when a request is underspecified, (2) managing relationships between the requester and requestee and (3) explicating ancillary actions implemented by a request. By spelling out information normally left to presuppositions and implicatures, reasons make requests more understandable and help participants to navigate the social landscape of asking assistance from others.

Self-Deprecation

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-192
Author(s):  
Karen Stohr
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape

This chapter takes up the social practice of self-deprecation, or the deliberate lowering of one’s social position in a given social interaction. The social practice of self-deprecation is distinguished from the virtues of modesty and humility and from the social practice of humblebragging. When self-deprecation is used well, it alters the normative space of a social interaction in ways that restore or maintain equality. Used badly, it threatens that equality and undermines respect and self-respect. How self-deprecation affects the normative space of an interaction depends on the social landscape in which it occurs, especially social power relationships. The account of self-deprecation defended in this chapter distinguishes between morally constructive and morally destructive self-deprecation.

scholarly journals Neural network of social interaction observation in marmosets

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine C Cléry ◽  
Yuki Hori ◽  
David J Schaeffer ◽  
Ravi S Menon ◽  
Stefan Everling
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Old World ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

A crucial component of social cognition is to observe and understand the social interactions of other individuals. A promising nonhuman primate model for investigating the neural basis of social interaction observation is the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small New World primate that shares a rich social repertoire with humans. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging acquired at 9.4 T to map the brain areas activated by social interaction observation in awake marmosets. We discovered a network of subcortical and cortical areas, predominately in the anterior lateral frontal and medial frontal cortex, that was specifically activated by social interaction observation. This network resembled that recently identified in Old World macaque monkeys. Our findings suggest that this network is largely conserved between New and Old World primates and support the use of marmosets for studying the neural basis of social cognition.

Beyond participation to co-creation of meaning: mobile social media in generative learning communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lewis ◽  
Roy Pea ◽  
Joseph Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Learning Communities ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Participatory Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Media Applications

Digital social media is dramatically changing the social landscape and the ways in which we understand ‘participation’. As youth embrace these dynamic yet highly scripted forms of mediated social interaction, educators have struggled to find ways to harness these new participatory forms to support learning. This article considers the interactive structures and frameworks that underlie much of ‘Web 2.0’ participatory media, and proposes that theories of social learning and action could greatly inform the design of participatory media applications to support learning. We propose engaging the potential of mediated social interaction to foster ‘generative learning communities’ and describe an informal learning social media application under development known as ‘Mobltz’ — embracing concepts of ‘mobile media blitz’ with the intentional emphasis on the syllable ‘mob’. The application is an attempt to bring guidance from what social science knows about learning and human development to craft interactional affordances based on sharing of meaning and experiences.

scholarly journals Mapping social reward and punishment processing in the human brain: A voxel-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings using the Social Incentive Delay task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martins ◽  
L. Rademacher ◽  
A. S. Gabay ◽  
R. Taylor ◽  
J. A. Richey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Social Incentives ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Reward And Punishment

ABSTRACTSocial incentives (rewards or punishments) motivate human learning and behaviour, and alterations in the brain circuits involved in the processing social incentives have been linked with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, questions still remain about the exact neural substrates implicated in social incentive processing. Here, we conducted four Anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping voxel-based meta-analyses of fMRI studies investigating the neural correlates of the anticipation and receipt of social rewards and punishments using the Social Incentive Delay task. We map the regions involved in each of these four processes in the human brain, identify decreases in the BOLD signal during the anticipation of both social reward and punishment avoidance that were missed in individual studies due to a lack of power, and characterise the effect size and direction of changes in the BOLD signal for each brain area. Our results provide a better understanding of the brain circuitry involved in social incentive processing and can inform hypotheses about potentially disrupted brain areas linked with dysfunctional social incentive processing during disease.HighlightsVoxel-based meta-analysis of the neural underpinnings of social incentive processingWe map the brain regions involved in the processing of social incentives in humansWe identify new regions missed in individual studies as a result of lack of powerOur work can inform research on pathological brain processing of social incentives

scholarly journals USING THE ATTACHMENT LENS AND THE DYADIC EXPANSION OF CONSCIOUSNESS APPROACH TO INCREASE SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Oana Dănilă ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
School Adjustment ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dyadic Expansion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Attachment Strategies

When in danger, either we refer to menaces or just novel situations, the brain needs firstly to connect to another human brain in order to coregulate; only after, can that brain continue process/ learn, regulate behaviors and thus adjust to the environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the connection between the quality of the pupil-teacher relationship, assessed from the attachment perspective and different school adjustment aspects. A sample of 40 educators were invited to evaluate their attachment strategies and then assess at least 3children from their current classes(primary school); results for a total of 121pupils were collected. First of all, educators assessed the pupil’s attachment needs using the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale; then, they were asked to assess social competencies using the Social Competence Scaleand the Engagementversus Disaffection with Learning Scale, as facets of school adjustment. Results show that the strength of the pupil-teacher relationship is influenced by the particularities of the attachment strategies of both parties, and, in turn, this relationship, with its 3 dimensions (closeness, conflict and dependence)impacts adjustment. Results are discussed in the light of the Dyadic Expansion of Consciousnesshypothesis–in a safe relationship, both the teacherand the pupil significantly expand the learning possibilities.

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