Performance of Small Businesses in Tanzania: Human Resources-Based View

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092092735
Author(s):  
Robert Galan Mashenene ◽  
Neema P. Kumburu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Training Programmes

This study examined the performance of small businesses in Tanzania using human resources-based approach. A sample of 380 small business owners was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling technique was used, whereas proportionate stratified sampling was applied which was followed by random sampling technique. In addition, snowball sampling technique was used to select cases of interest for in-depth interview. Excel and a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used as analytical tools for quantitative data. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from four case studies developed. Binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the effects of employees’ commitment, trustfulness and competencies on the performance of small businesses. The study revealed that employees’ commitment, honesty and competencies had a significant positive effect on the performance of small businesses. The study recommends that special training programmes should be designed and implemented for the purpose of imparting competencies and behavioural change to employees of small businesses.

scholarly journals Factors influencing migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City, Kenya

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Magero Wafula ◽  
Oliver Vivian Wasonga ◽  
Oscar Kipchirchir Koech ◽  
Staline Kibet
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
Alternative Markets ◽  
The City

AbstractPastoralism is globally recognized as the backbone of the economy in the vast arid and semi-arid rangelands. Despite its enormous economic contribution, the system is facing a myriad of challenges, among them, land use and land tenure changes, resulting in diminished grazing land. Accompanying such changes is the conversion of traditional grazing lands into other uses such as settlements, with urbanization being one of the key drivers of pastoral system dynamics. Understanding such dynamics in the face of compounding factors such as frequent droughts linked to climate change is key in guiding policy formulation and interventions aimed at achieving a sustainable pastoral production system. This study investigated factors determining migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City of Kenya. Data was collected through a snowball sampling approach using semi-structured household questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) in five Sub-counties of Nairobi City County. A total of 144 household interviews, 6 FGDs and 16 KIIs were conducted to elucidate drivers of urban pastoralism, opportunities and challenges encountered by pastoralists in the city. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the determinants of their migration. Results show that search for pasture and water resources, and alternative markets especially during droughts, are the main reasons for pastoralists’ migration to the city. In addition, educated herders were found to be more likely to migrate to the city as they pursue wage employment. Whereas these findings revealed that migration to the city exposes pastoralists to diverse livelihood opportunities, they are equally faced by a number of challenges - mainly road accidents involving livestock, frequent land displacements to pave way for development of real estates, and livestock poisoning from sewage and garbage wastes. There is a need for policy and regulatory interventions to recognize pastoralism alongside other forms of urban farming and addressing challenges facing sustainable pastoral production.

scholarly journals Household Food Security Status and Its Determinants in Maphumulo Local Municipality, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primrose Ngema ◽  
Melusi Sibanda ◽  
Lovemore Musemwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status

Food security at the household level remains a major issue in South Africa and for many other developing countries, particularly those in Africa. As a means of ensuring food security in KwaZulu-Natal province, various food security intervention programmes were launched. Nonetheless, food security remains an issue among households in the province. This paper estimates the household food security status of the “One Home One Garden” (OHOG) beneficiaries against that of non-beneficiaries and assesses the determinants of household food security status in Maphumulo. A stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 495 households (including 330 OHOG beneficiaries and 165 non-beneficiaries). The status of household food security was estimated by means of a “Household Dietary Diversity Score” (HDDS). Additionally, a Household Food Consumption Score” (HFCS) tool was employed to supplement the HDDS. The results showed that food consumption patterns were characterized by medium (4.89) and average (4.22) HDDS for the OHOG beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, respectively. Taking HDDS as a proxy for household food security, an independent samples t-test (Levene’s test—equal variances assumed) reveals a significant (p < 0.001) relationship between the sample means of the two groups. A greater proportion (65%) of the OHOG beneficiaries had an acceptable (≥35) HFCS level, whereas just over half (54%) of the non-beneficiaries fell in the borderline (21.5 to 35) HFCS level. The determinants of household food security status were elicited by means of a binary logistic regression model. The results revealed that education (p = 0.036), receiving infrastructural support (irrigation) (p = 0.001), and participation in the OHOG programme (p = 0.000) positively influenced the food security status of households, yet household income (p = 0.000) and access to credit (p = 0.002) showed a negative correlation. This paper proposes that government and developmental agencies, in their efforts to enhance food security through food security intervention programmes, should support households by investing in education and agricultural infrastructure, as well as giving priority to smallholder infrastructural irrigation support for households that largely rely on rain-fed systems.

scholarly journals Nexus between Poverty and Child Labor: A Case Study in Narayanganj Area of Bangladesh Using Binary Logistic Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Shamima Akter ◽  
Wasim Akram
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Household Heads

<p>The purpose of the study is to see how poverty influences child labor. To carry out the study, moderate poor people have been considered as respondents. Kalibazar and Langalband regions of Narayanganj district have been selected. Random sampling technique and Focused Group Discussion with children have been taken to conduct the study. Data has been collected from 50 Household Heads and 50 Children (male and female). For economic analysis, the Binary Logistic Regression model has been undertaken to see the relationship between poverty and child labor.  The analysis shows that the odds ratio indicates that drop-out children from school are 11.34 times more likely to go for taking the occupation of child labor due to poverty (major cause) than those children who have been dropped out due to other reasons (reference category). The study also shows that the families having no loan are 0.444 times less likely to go for child labor due to major causes (poverty) than that of the families having a loan. Moreover, the odds ratio corresponding to the children who use their income to help their families is 3.26. It means that the children who use their income for family purposes go 3.26 times more likely to take the occupation of child labor due to a major cause (poverty) than those children who do not use their income for family purposes. At the same time, the children who use their income for treatment purposes go 1.45 times more likely to take the occupation of child labor due to poverty (a major cause) than those children who do not use their income for treatment purposes.</p>

scholarly journals FENOMENA DAN DETERMINAN KESEMPATAN ANAK MASUK DUNIA KERJA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Selli Nelonda
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Geographic Factor ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Significant Factors

In most countries including Indonesia, children are very valuable future human resources in development process; they are the future of a country. For these reasons all stakeholders have the equal obligation to promote opportunity for the children to get their basic needs for their better future. But, the reality is not always as good as it should be, for some reasons, there are many children still enter the labor market than being at school for their education. Using 2009 Susenas data with binary logistic regression model, this research find that parents education, parents marital status, parent jobs sector, economic sector activity, number of children in a household, share of food expenditure and geographic factor are the significant factors to determine the probability a child entering the labor market.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Covid-19 Associated Symptoms, Their Onset and Duration, and Variations Among Different Groups of Patients in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tanzilul Amin ◽  
Mahmud Hasan ◽  
N. M. Mahmudul Alam Bhuiya
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, onset, and duration of COVID-19 associated symptoms, hospitalization, and recovery time from the infection in Bangladesh.Methods: A retrospective study was designed adopting the snowball sampling technique (n = 439). The association of gender, age, and comorbidity on COVID-19 associated complications was determined using chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis (p &lt; 0.05).Result: Fever, exhaustion, cough, loss of taste, sore throat, body ache, and hair-loss were prevalent among more than 50% of the participants and developed within fourth days in above 90% of the patients. Shortness of breath was significantly higher in males (χ2 = 5.671; OR 1.641). Significant comorbidity association on the shortness of breath (χ2 = 40.119; OR 2.564), vomiting (χ2 = 4.422; OR 1.018), and loss of speech (χ2 = 17.299; OR 3.430) was observed. Patients (&gt;40 years) exerted higher association in shortness of breath (χ2 = 24.083; OR 2.901). Age and comorbidity were significantly associated with COVID-19 associated hospitalization (χ2 = 16.890 and χ2 = 23.638, respectively) and recovery time (χ2 = 12.870 and χ2 = 26.924, respectively).Conclusion: The study suggests that the hospitalization rate increased for older (&gt;40 years) and comorbid patients. Comorbid patients demonstrated higher susceptibility to have shortness of breath, vomiting, loss of speech, and confusion, whereas male patients showed significant increase in the prevalence of sore throat, loss of smell, and vomiting compared to female patients.

scholarly journals Determinants of Graduate Youth Unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Diriba Ayele Gebisa ◽  
Negash Geleta Etana
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
The Relationship

Today, youth unemployment is a common agenda and a critical issue of all countries; particularly in developing countries. In Ethiopia, lack of employment opportunities for educated young people is a critical development challenges facing the country. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of graduate youth unemployment. To answer the research objective data was collected by a structured questionnaire from 312 samples of respondents, wherein a snow ball sampling technique was used and data was analyzed using mixed research design, descriptive and casual design; where a binary logistic regression model used to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The result indicated that amongst the nine variables of the determinants of graduate youth unemployment; education, number of graduates, work experience, career advice, market information, family income, aspire to the low-income job, and education quality, all were significantly affected unemployment rate except entrepreneurial ability. As a result, based on these findings, it can be recommended that there is a critical need for government, NGOs and all other stakeholders to work on these determinants to reduce graduate unemployment.

scholarly journals Psychological well-being of the Elderly in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwabunmi Grace Ibitoye ◽  
Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade ◽  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale ◽  
Olusola Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Multi Stage

In Nigeria, growing old is usually feared because of the multi-faceted problems associated with ageing. Research has shown that conditions such as insufficient savings after retirement, poor access to health care, poor dietary intakes and poverty affect the psychological well-being of the elderly. Yet, there is paucity of research on the psychological condition of the elderly in Nigeria. This study examined the psychological well-being of the elderly in Ijumu local government area (LGA) of Kogi State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted and 1,217 elderly aged 65+ were randomly selected. Psychological well-being was operationalized as whether the respondent experienced good or poor psychological well-being. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi Square tests and binary logistic regression. The mean age of the elderly was 72.3±8.4 years and a higher proportion (53.3%) experienced good psychological well-being. Age, level of education, current working status and financial assistance from children were the main determinants of good psychological well-being. Specifically, good psychological well-being decreased with increasing age. Also, the odds of having good psychological well-being was lower among those with no education and primary education compared with their counterparts with secondary education or more. Those who were currently working and who received financial assistance from children had better psychological wellbeing. This study showed that effective financial mechanisms need to be put in place by government, NGOs and/or children of the elderly to help improve the financial status of the elderly in order to enhance their psychological well-being.

scholarly journals A Binary Logistic Analysis on Factors Affecting the Participation of Smallholder Farmers in the Market of Indigenous Chickens (ICs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesiba Andries Sekele ◽  
Jenny Potsiso Mokhaukhau ◽  
Machuene Sharlyn Cholo ◽  
Anele Mayekiso
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Female Farmers

Participation in the market of Indigenous Chickens (ICs) enables farmers an opportunity to generate income and alleviate household food insecurity. The objectives of the study were to profile the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder farmers and; to determine the factors influencing participation of smallholder farmers in the market of ICs. The study employed purposive and snowball sampling techniques to identify 50 indigenous chicken farmers in Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, South Africa. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic regression model were employed to address the objectives of the study. The results revealed that, most smallholder farmers do not participate in the market of ICs. Moreover, experience in rearing chickens, land size, number of chickens owned, and purpose of rearing the chickens were found as factors influencing participation of farmers in the market of ICs. The study also confirmed that female farmers dominate in the market of ICs when compared to males. This, therefore, calls for government intervention in the promotion of ICs markets to encourage participation by farmers thus improving livelihoods.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Socio-economic Characteristics of Rural Households on Their Saving Decision in Pabna District of Bangladesh: A Binary Logistic Regression Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Md. Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Saving ◽  
Private Savings

Household saving ensures a smooth future by softening the potential insecurities arise from uncertainty at the cost of present consumption. Moreover, the volume of national investment determines the actual health of an economy which is intensively associated with national savings. This study aimed at determining the effects of different socio-economic characteristics of rural households on their saving decision in Pabna district of Bangladesh. This research used a set of cross-sectional data from 250 households from three upazilas in Pabna district namely Pabna Sadar, Iswardi and Sujanagar on the relevant variables for the empirical analysis. A multistage random sampling technique involving simple, purposive and stratified random sampling was used to draw the sample. The study employed a binary logistic regression model to assess the influences of different socio-economic and demographic characteristics of rural household on their saving decision. The findings of the current study asserted that gender, family size and dependency ratio of household have significant and negative effects on their decision to start saving or not to start saving. Contrarily, the effects of the variables age, education level, marital status, income, secondary earner and liabilities on the decision of households to participate in saving were positive and significant. Moreover, the results revealed that social status has a strong but insignificant effect, but the variables access to bank and credit facilities have almost no significant effect on the household saving decisions. Since, private savings is essential for both the micro and macro level of an economy, therefore the study tried to suggest some recommendations with a view to increase private savings.

scholarly journals Cattle milk processing and marketing characteristics among agro-pastoralists in North West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
A. O. Iyiola-Tunji ◽  
W. Buba ◽  
I. Saleh ◽  
A. T. Mohammed ◽  
M. A. Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
North West ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Selection Of

The study was aimed at analysing the fundamental characteristics of milk collection, processing and marketing among agro-pastoralists in North West Nigeria. A three stage (multi-stage) sampling technique was used for the study. The first stage is the purposive selection of four States (Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano and Katsina States purposively selected based on the high concentration of agro-pastoralists). In the second stage, two Local Government Areas (LGA) from each of the State were purposively selected. The third stage involved the use of snowball sampling method for the selection of communities where agropastoralist were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Two communities were selected per LGA. Data were collected from 157 respondents from the target populatuion out of sampled agro-pastoral households. The survey instrument was pretested and subjected to face validity. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. The average length of time for milk storage before processing was 1 hour and 41 minutes. Pasteurization was the method of choice used to prevent milk spoilage by 63.8% of respondents in all the States considered in this study. Almost all (91.2%) of the respondents market their milks. Spoilage of milk during the period before processing was reported as the highest constraint to milk production, processing and marketing in all the four States. Inadequate equipment and milk loss during processing were also reported as constraints by 18.9 and 14.7%, respectively. Low quality of milk, especially during dry season, also constitute a constraint to about 4% of the respondents. The agro-pastoralists in North West Nigeria are engaged in peasantry profitable ventures of milk processing and marketing. Most of them are not members of groups and cooperatives. Their volume of trade in milk processing and marketing can be greatly enhanced if they are organized into productive groups along the value chain. Past efforts at organizing milk processors and marketers into groups and cooperatives need to be revisited by relevant agencies of government and non-government organizations. 

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