Peruvian Women’s Underrepresentation in Science and Technology: Strategic Guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110297
Author(s):  
Beatrice Avolio
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
And Gender

Women’s underrepresentation in science and technology (ST) has multiple complex reasons caused by cumulative effects at different stages in women’s lives. This is a relevant public policy issue for economic, social and ethical reasons that requires multiple solutions. In this sense, this study analyses the factors affecting Peruvian women’s participation in ST and proposes strategic guidelines to increase it. The originality of this article lies in studying this phenomenon, considering different stages of the career choice (access to education, career persistence and career progress) in a context that has not been previously studied, characterized by the highest female labour participation rate in Latin America. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with female students in high schools and universities, university professors in ST departments, professionals in ST careers, qualified researchers in ST institutions and ST experts. The information was encoded, categorized and analysed according to thematic analysis. Consequently, we propose an integrated framework of strategic guidelines based on the stages of women’s careers: access, persistence and advancement. The results are useful for public and private professionals and institutions engaged in ST, education and gender equality.

Constructed Attitudes toward the Roma: A French Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
French Case ◽  
The Impact

AbstractForty per cent of Europeans refuse to have Roma as their neighbours, while 80 per cent of these do not even have direct contact with them. Using these statistics as a point of departure, this study analyzes how attitudes toward Roma are constructed. It proposes to investigate this process in two similar environments but where local integration policies directed toward Roma differ, resulting in disparate forms of intergroup contact. The analysis is premised on two theoretical assumptions: that the integration of migrants is a local public policy issue and that intergroup contact frames attitudes between majority and minority groups. From semi-structured interviews in the French municipalities of La Courneuve and Ivry-sur-Seine, four theories are empirically tested: the contact theory, the halo effect, the impact of local immigrant integration policies and media influence. This study demonstrates that the implementation of municipal policies in favour of Roma integration can improve their living conditions and thus deconstruct prejudices attributable to their precarious situation. In addition, it illustrates how the media activate, maintain or solidify the way Roma are perceived.

scholarly journals Factors affecting physicians' dual practice in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Vejdani ◽  
Fatemeh Kokabisaghi ◽  
Javad Moghri
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Dual Practice ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Work Identity ◽  
Faculty Position ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public

Abstract Background One of the most important challenges of the healthcare system in recent years have been physicians' dual practice in the public and private sectors. this study aims to investigate the factors affecting the physicians' dual practice in Iran. Methods In this qualitative study 41 stakeholders were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The Framework analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Factors affecting the physicians' dual practice in Iran were classified into three main themes: "individual motivational factors", "structural factors" and "historical and cultural factors". Conclusions Getting a faculty position, the demand for private services and job security, and the continuous and guaranteed income are the most important motivations for physicians to work in the public sector. Greater financial and monetary incentives, more job independence, as well as private offices as a work identity and prestige were the most important motivations for working in the private sector.

scholarly journals Can agriculture and conservation be compatible in a coastal wetland? Balancing stakeholders’ narratives and interactions in the management of El Hondo Natural Park, Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ricart ◽  
Antonio M. Rico-Amorós
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Loop Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
System Data

AbstractCoastal wetlands are among the most productive and valuable ecosystems worldwide, although one of the main factors affecting their survival is the coexistence between agriculture and conservation. This paper analyses the complex balance between agriculture and conservation coexistence in El Hondo Natural Park (Alicante, Spain) coastal wetland by examining stakeholders’ narratives, perceptions, and interactions. The aim is to highlight the concurrence between socio-economic progress and socio-environmental justice perspectives by identifying those driving factors motivating stakeholders’ conflicts while expanding stakeholders’ behaviour and interaction when discussing the current and future management of this socio-ecological system. Data were collected between April and June 2019 from semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to river basin authorities, regional governments, municipalities, irrigation communities, union farms, regional and local ecologist groups, and social movements; and scrutinized through qualitative data analysis and descriptive statistics. Stakeholders discussed the main driving factors identified through the local newspapers to motivating current conflicts and confronting perspectives in El Hondo Natural Park: (1) the origin and evolution of the coastal wetland, (2) the provision and value of ecosystem services, (3) the management of water scarcity and water quality standards, (4) the guarantee and management of public and private investment, and (5) consequences of a natural park declaration. Likewise, the triple-loop analysis of stakeholders’ representativeness, relevance and collaboration highlighted examples of stakeholders’ underrepresentation and power imbalance, a negative assessment of the stakeholders’ actions, and how agreements are based on both stakeholders’ predisposition to collaborate and affinity.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Public and Private Schools’ Students towards Learning EFL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Saleh Ibnian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Learning English ◽  
Attitudes Towards Learning

This study aimed at exploring attitudes of public and private schools' students towards learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and investigating factors affecting the students' attitudes towards learning EFL.The study attempted to answer the following questions:1-What are the overall attitudes of public and private schools’ students towards learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL)?2- Is there a statistically significant difference between the overall mean of attitudes of public and private schools' students towards learning EFL according to the type of school (public or private)?3- What are the main factors affecting students' attitudes towards learning EFL?The sample of the study consisted of 144 ninth grade students chosen randomly from Amman public and private schools. The students were distributed into four sections, each section comprised 36 students.To conduct the study, the researcher used a 20-item questionnaire to reveal attitudes of the students towards learning EFL. In addition, the researcher also carried out semi-structured interviews so as to explore factors affecting students' attitudes towards learning EFL.Findings of the study showed that the overall mean of attitudes of public and private schools' students towards learning in EFL is positive; however, the results indicated that students of private schools have more positive attitudes towards learning EFL than students of public schools.The findings showed that methods of teaching, the physical environment and the educational setting of schools were the main factors that affected students’ attitudes towards learning EFL.

scholarly journals Residents’ Willingness to Participate in Green Infrastructure: Spatial Differences and Influence Factors in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Jiahong Wen ◽  
Shiqiang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private And Public

Green infrastructure (GI) plays a fundamental role in achieving urban pluvial flood management, mitigating urban heat island effect, and improving living suitability. Residents’ participation is the main driving force of GI implementation. Based on semi-structured interviews, GIS spatial analysis, and multiple regression, we investigated residents’ willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in public and private space and identified the influence factors in Shanghai, China. The results show that, compared with private space, residents prefer to implement GI in public space, where they have different preferences of GI measures. On urban scale, residents’ willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in private space is characterized as “high in the inner city, low in the suburban areas”, while the spatial difference is insignificant for public space. In addition, the factors affecting residents’ willingness to participate in the implementation of GI are different in private and public space. The deterministic factors of GI participation are gender, education level, and floor for private space, while only include building age for public space, in addition to the common factors of free time, cognition of GI, perception of pluvial flood risk, supportive factors, and environment-improving factors that can influence both private and public space GI participation. Our analysis therefore provides valuable information for policymakers concerning nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation and urban sustainability.

scholarly journals TINGKAT PARTISIPASI WANITA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN NON FISIK DI KEURAHAN KADIDI KECAMATAN PANCA RIJANG KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Andi Astinah Adnan ◽  
Kamaruddin Sellang
Keyword(s):  
Participation Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This study aims to determine the participation of women in non-physical development in Kadidi Subdistrict, Panca Rijang Subdistrict, Sidenreng Rappang Regency and to determine the factors that influence women's participation in Kadidi Subdistrict, Panca Rijang Subdistrict, Sidenreng Rappang District.The population of this study was 411 women. A sample of 80 people. The sampling technique used is incidental sampling. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaire and literature study. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and with the help of SPSS application version 21. The results showed that the Participation of Women in Kadidi Village with a percentage of 56.87% was in the unfavorable category. Non-Physical Development in Kadidi Urban Village with a percentage of 60% is in the unfavorable category. Based on the value of t arithmetic> t table or 6,415> 0,219 If the value of t arithmetic ≥ t table, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning Significant, If the value of t arithmetic ≤ t table, then H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, meaning that is not Significant, then Ha accepted and H0 is rejected, it means that the Participation Rate of Women has a significant effect on Non-Physical Development in Kadidi Subdistrict, Panca Rijang Subdistrict, Sidenreng Rappang Regency with a contribution percentage of 54.5% being in the medium level or good kurag category. Factors Affecting Women's Participation: a. Internal Factors: 1) 59.2% participation, 2) Education 62.2%, 3) Income and income 64.6%. b. External Factors: 1) Leadership 65.2%, 2) Government Equipment / Facilities 60.6%. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the factors that influence women's participation in the Kadidi Village are in the good category 62.36%.

scholarly journals Dealing with Allegations of Corruption in International Arbitration

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Lucinda A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Standards Of Proof ◽  
International Instruments

With the rise of corruption as a subject of international instruments and the convergence of obligations around its prevention, detection, and remediation in both the public and private sectors, corruption has increasingly figured as an issue in international arbitration. Indeed, its acceptance as a public policy issue at both the international and transnational levels has resulted in the need for tribunals, in both commercial and investor-state disputes, to grapple with questions of jurisdiction, admissibility, and consequences, as well as standards of proof. As this essay demonstrates, the challenges presented by the issue of corruption pose special difficulties for arbitration. Time will tell if tribunals will move from their current largely binary, all-or-nothing approach to a more nuanced one based on proportionality.

scholarly journals Disabling sexualities: Exploring the impact of the intersection of HIV, disability and gender on the sexualities of women in Zambia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wickenden ◽  
Stephanie Nixon ◽  
Karen K. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women's Gender Roles

Background: Women with a disability are often characterised as a homogenous social group consigned to a cultural stereotype with assumptions of dependence, asexuality and gender neutrality. Furthermore, there is a void of research about the experience of people with disabilities following diagnosis with HIV. Little is known about how HIV diagnosis intersects with disability and gender and how it shapes the experiences of intimacy and gender roles of those negotiating this intersection.Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how HIV, disability and gender shape the perspectives of HIV-positive women with disabilities regarding intimacy and gender roles.Methods: Twelve women in Lusaka, Zambia were recruited for in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences of having a disability and living with HIV. Interviews were conducted in English, Bemba, Nyanja and Zambian sign language. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted, followed by in-depth gender analyses of data relating to intimacy and gender roles.Results: Data analysis led to the identification of two main themes: the impact of HIV diagnosis on intimate relationships amongst the participants; and the disruption and renegotiation of gender roles. These findings demonstrate the loss of intimacy (often decided by the participants) and changes in women’s gender roles (infrequently decided by them).Conclusions: The narrow approaches to sexuality and HIV that reinforce misconceptions and stereotypes need to change. In their place should be inclusive and disability and sex-positive approaches that are informed by the diverse realities of women’s lives. Further research is needed to develop stronger evidence of the impact of HIV and disability on gender roles and sexuality.

scholarly journals Spline Nonparametric Regression to Analyze Factors Affecting Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) in East Java

CAUCHY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Luluk Mahfiroh ◽  
Yuniar Farida
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gender Empowerment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

Gender is a multidimensional issue that's not limited to gender discrimination, but alsoincludes the economic, educational, and health aspects, which then become the focus of almost all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Evaluation of the development devoted to the perspective of the gender using several indicators, Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). GEM describes the role of women in the economic sphere and is measured by equality in political participation. GEM of East Java for 5 consecutive years (2014 – 2018) is lower than the average national GEM. This study aims to identify factors affecting GEM in East Java using nonparametric regression spline quadratic. The result ofthe regression model shows the factors affecting GEM East Java is the Labor Force Participation Rate(LFPR) population of women (), School Participation Rate(SPR) high school population of women (), Percentage of Population Female thatWorking in the formal sector (), sex ratio (), Percentage of Population Female that Working as members of People’s Representative Council (), Percentage of Population Female that working as Civil Servants (), and rate of women's income donations (). The model generates value of 93.74% and MAPE of 3.22%.This research contributes to the implementation of non-parametric spline regression in identifying various factors that influence social phenomena.

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