Inter-state Disparities of Efficiency in Foreshortening Under-five Mortality Rate in Rural India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522110515
Author(s):  
Shrabanti Maity ◽  
Ummey Rummana Barlaskar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health System ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health System Performance ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Efficient Management

The present study aims to assess the efficiency of the rural health system to foreshorten the under-five (U5) mortality rates across Indian states. The study further attempts to pinpoint the factors responsible for state-level inefficiency of the rural health system performance. The empirical results reveal that among the Indian states, Kerala is the most-efficient in foreshortening the U5 mortality rate. The results convey that the states with better health indicators may not have efficient health systems. The study concludes that along with investment in the health sector, efficient management of the investment is intrinsic to better health outcomes.

Analysis of Infant Mortality Rate in Indian States

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Pragati Jain ◽  
Prerna Jain
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

The aim of this research is to explore the status of infant mortality at the state level, rate of change over the study period (1981–2011) and regional variation in infant mortality rate (IMR) and present a case as to how health status can be improved through targeting goals as in the case of IMR by the health planners and policymakers. The achievement of each of the 15 states on the basis of IMR is examined on the basis of divergence reduction. Sigma and beta absolute convergence measures used to determine the nature of change in the degree of regional inequality in IMR show positive results in achieving regional convergence. This confirms that the government policy and programmes to control and reduce IMR have been successful. IMR is frequently questioned as a measure of health status as infant mortality turns out to be the main focus of health policy; however, the entire population’s health possibly will be ignored in achieving the policy targets. However, the brighter side to it is that the entire gamut of health indicators can be targeted in a phased manner to achieve the overall improvement in the health status.

scholarly journals Spending on Health is a Complex Phenomenon in our Country

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S) ◽  
pp. 829-830
Author(s):  
Sumair Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Past

According to WHO statistics 2017, amongst health indicators of countries worldwide, Pakistan’s under five children mortality rate has been recorded up to 81.1 per 1000 live births, which is second highest in the list of SAARC countries.1 In Pakistan, over 57% of deaths under 5 years occur during the neonatal period (42 per 1000 live births) and have not changed over the past 6 years.2

Does population health influence FDI inflows into Ghana?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Immurana
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Under Five

PurposeGhana is one of the countries instituting several measures toward attracting more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows. This is because, FDI is largely viewed as essential to socioeconomic development. However, while population health can influence FDI inflows, it has received very little attention. This study, therefore, investigates empirically, as to focusing on population health could be a useful tool in Ghana’s attempt to attract more FDI inflows.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses time series data on Ghana from 1980 to 2018 to achieve its objective. Life expectancy, death rate, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and incidence of malaria are used as proxies for population health, while the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Square (IV2SLS) regressions are employed as empirical estimation techniques.FindingsUsing the OLS regression, except the incidence of malaria, the study finds all the other population health indicators to significantly influence FDI inflows. However, after controlling for endogeneity using the IV2SLS regression, all population health indicators are found to be significant as regards their effects on FDI inflows.Practical implicationsPaying attention to population health could be an effective strategy that can be employed by policymakers in the quest to get more FDI inflows into Ghana.Originality/valueThis study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study solely devoted to Ghana, which doing so helps in devising country-specific policies with regard to the effect of population health on FDI inflows. Further, this study becomes the first to use death rate, infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rate in examining the effect of population health on FDI inflows. Thus, since there are various causes of deaths, using indicators that capture deaths from all factors helps in giving a much broader picture with regard to the FDI population health nexus. Also, this study is the first to use up to five different population health indicators in examining the effect of population health on FDI inflows, which aids in revealing whether FDI is sensitive to the population health indicator used.

scholarly journals Reasons and Realities of Health and Geographical Inequality in India: A Study of Inter-State Variations

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Dalip Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

The paper is an attempt to explain the global regional inequality of health indicators and regional variation among Indian states. This analysis will cover through a set of health indicators (mortality and morbidity) like crude birth rate (CBR), crude death rate (CDR), infant mortality rate (IMR), maternal mortality rate (MMR), life expectancy and total fertility rates (TFR). The paper also provides a comparison of public expenditures on health with that of health expenditure in the private sector in India with those of other countries. This article highlights the dimensions and extent of inequities health indicators. The analysis in this study suggests that much of the problem for low health status in these states is also due to low health expenditure which impacts adversely on the health indicators.

Does Economic Freedom Influence Major Health Indicators in India? Cross-state Panel Estimation Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleema Razvi ◽  
Debashis Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

It is widely acknowledged that inadequacies in public sector health systems can only be overcome by substantial structural and institutional reforms. In India, the need for reforms in the health sector has been highlighted and stressed upon in recent period. While there is a growing belief that public and private sectors in health can potentially gain from one another, there is also recognition that, given their respective strengths and weaknesses, neither the public sector nor the private sector alone can operate in the best interest of the health system. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of enabling environments measured by the economic freedom index in 20 Indian states on select healthcare outcomes, through a panel data model. The empirical results confirm that rise in economic freedom lowers maternal mortality and infant mortality, as the resulting conducive environment enables greater private sector participation. However, the crucial role to be played by the public sector is also underlined in no uncertain terms. The obtained results strongly indicate that the health scenario in India can improve only through closer co-ordination between the public and the private sectors.

scholarly journals How many child deaths can be averted in Nigeria? Assessing state-level prospects of achieving 2030 sustainable development goals for neonatal and under-five mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Osondu Ogbuoji ◽  
Gavin Yamey
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
State Level ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Development Goals

Background: Nigeria’s neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR) are 39 per 1,000 and 120 per 1,000 live births, respectively. On average, 0.23 million neonates and 0.7 million under-five children die every year, but some states contribute more to this burden than others. If the country is to meet its sustainable development goal (SDG) targets for NMR and U5MR, it needs to make progress at both the national and subnational levels. Methods: Using the 2016-2017 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), we estimated state-level neonatal and under-five mortality rates.  Next, we estimated how long it would take for each state to reach the SDG targets for NMR and U5MR. Finally, we estimated the average number of neonatal and under-five deaths that could be averted between 2018 and 2030 in each state under different scenarios. Results: At current average annual rates of decline, Nigeria is unlikely to meet both sustainable development goals targets for NMR and U5MR. At the subnational level, some states are close to or have met both NMR and U5MR targets, while others are projected to meet the targets as late as 2088 (58 years delayed). Between 850,000 and 1.89 million neonatal deaths could be averted between 2018 and 2030, while 3.1 million to 5.96 million under-five deaths could be averted over the same period. Conclusions: Nigeria has the potential to achieve its SDG targets for NMR and U5MR, and in the process avert millions of preventable child deaths. But this will not happen under a business-as-usual approach. The NMR and U5MR trajectories achieved by high-performing states is evidence that achieving these SDG targets is possible. For the country to achieve positive results nationally, systems that encourage peer learning and transfer of technical expertise between states are needed.

scholarly journals Organization of the Saudi health system

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 645-653
Author(s):  
M. Al Yousuf ◽  
T. M. Akerele ◽  
Y. Y. Al Mazrou
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Private Health Sector ◽  
Financial Base ◽  
The Impact

Using existing data, we reviewed the organizational structure of the Saudi Arabian health system: its demography and history, principal health indicators, organization and management, type and distribution of facilities, financial base, and the impact on it of the Haj. We noted duplication of services, inadequate coordination between some health industry sectors, and the need for a more extensive and rational health centre network with improved information systems and data collection. We also noted scope for a greater role for the private health sector and increased cooperation between it and the public sector to improve health service delivery and population health

scholarly journals Pengelompokkan KabupatenKota Di Provinsi Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Indikator Kesehatan Mortalitas Dengan Algoritma Variable Weighting K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Elvira mustikawati Putri hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Group 2

One indicator that describes health status, development and health services is the mortality rate. Mortality was formed from several indicators, namely crude birth rates, crude mortality, infant mortality, under-five mortality and maternal mortality. In 2014, the achievement of infant mortality was still above the agreed MDG target. The distribution of health indicators, mortality, in East Java Province needs to be known to achieve targets in the MDGs and to improve health status in East Java Province. This study discusses the grouping of regencies (and cities) in East Java Province based on the similarity of five mortality indicators using the Variable Weighted K-Means (VW K-Means) method. Based on the silhouette method, three optimal groups were formed. Based on the results of grouping with VW K-Means it is known that the crude mortality variable is the most important variable in the formation of groups 1 and 2. While the crude mortality rate and under-five mortality rate are the most important variables in group formation 3. In addition, it is known that groups 1 consists of 14 districts / cities, group 2 consists of 19 districts / cities, and group 3 consists of 5 districts / cities. The results of the study are in the form of grouping (clustering) that can be used to describe the distribution of district groups based on the condition of the health profile of the area. Salah satu indikator yang menggambarkan derajat kesehatan, pembangunan dan pelayanan kesehatan adalah angka kematian (mortalitas). Mortalitas dibentuk dari beberapa indikator, yaitu angka kelahiran kasar, angka kematian kasar, angka kematian bayi, angka kematian balita dan angka kematian ibu. Pada Tahun 2014, capaian angka kematian bayi masih berada diatas target MDGs yang telah disepakati. Distribusi indikator kesehatan, mortalitas, di Provinsi Jawa Timur perlu diketahui untuk mencapai target dalam MDGs dan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengelompokkan kabupaten-kabupaten (dan kota) yang ada di Provinsi Jawa Timur berdasarkan kemiripan lima indikator mortalitas dengan menggunakan metode Variable Weighted K-Means (VW K-Means). Berdasarkan metode silhouette diperoleh jumlah kelompok optimal yang terbentuk sebanyak tiga kelompok. Berdasarkan hasil pengelompokkan dengan VW K-Means diketahui bahwa variabel angka kematian kasar adalah variabel yang paling penting dalam pembentukan kelompok 1 dan 2. Sedangkan angka kematian kasar dan angka kematian balita adalah variabel yang paling penting dalam pembentukkan kelompok 3. Selain itu, diketahui bahwa kelompok 1 terdiri dari 14 kabupaten/kota, kelompok 2 terdiri dari 19 kabupaten/kota, dan kelompok 3 terdiri dari 5 kabupaten/kota. Hasil penelitian berupa hasil pengelompokkan (klasterisasi) yang dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan distribusi pengelompokkan kabupaten berdasarkan kondisi profil kesehatan daerah tersebut  

State-Level Child Health System Performance and the Likelihood of Readmission to Children's Hospitals

2010 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Feudtner ◽  
Susmita Pati ◽  
Denise M. Goodman ◽  
Michael G. Kahn ◽  
Vidya Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health System Performance ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Children’S Hospitals

scholarly journals The Impact of Health Indicators on Economic Growth In Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Kashif Raza ◽  
Salman Majeed ◽  
Salman Majeed ◽  
Maryam Islam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data

This study aims at investigating the issues of health sector in Pakistan and highlights the important link between health indicators and economic growth. For this purpose, Ordinary least square method and Granger Causality technique are applied on time series data of Pakistan from 1980-2012. Health expenditures, fertility rate, life expectancy, and infant mortality rate have been used as health indicators. The basic objective of study is to enhance those issues in health sectors that directly or indirectly strike on economic growth of Pakistan so that effective policies can be chalked out to cop current as well future condition regarding health and an economic growth. The results showed that life expectancy, fertility rate, investment on health sectors has significantly influenced the per capita GDP. Health expenditures have also positive but insignificant impact on economic growth. Whereas there is negative relationship of infant mortality rate, population per bed on economic growth. The major policy implication of this study is that by increasing the health facilities through increase the investment on health sector that will improve the sustainable level of economic growth.

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