National Innovation System of India: An Empirical Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Output Side ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Output Indicators

The present article aims to analyse empirically the national innovation system (NIS) of India. Specifically, the objectives were to (a) examine the different innovation-related input and output variables that reflect the structure of NIS over the years, and (b) examine the factors determining NIS. However, it was very difficult to identify the variables that could reflect the NIS of the country. Individual indicators of innovation, both from input and output side, are largely inconclusive. However, relatively more reflective indicators were chosen for the period 1980–2012. It was found that although India’s GDP has increased over the years, but its share in total world’s GDP was very meagre. Further, it was also found that as compared to major developed and comparable emerging economies, India lagged behind in both innovation inputs variables like expenditure on R&D and S&T manpower; and innovation output indicators like patents, proportion of high-tech manufacturing exports, etc. Further, for the second objective of the article concerning the determinants of NIS, a modified version of the Crepon, Duguet and Mairesse (CDM) model (1998) was used. The estimation using three-stage least square (3SLS) estimator for simultaneous equations shows that expenditure on R&D by government, stock of science and technology personnel, world’s stock of patents and openness index have positive impact on innovation performance indicators. Therefore, policies should be framed in a manner that they emphasize more on innovation inputs like expenditure on R&D and building human capital in the form of S&T personnel.

scholarly journals Does the national innovation system spur economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa economies? Evidence from panel data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brima Sesay ◽  
Zhao Yulin ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Relationship

The question as to whether the national innovation system (NIS) plays a significant positive role in influencing economic growth has been intensely debated by academics as well as policy analysts. The main controversy, however, is the fact that the ongoing empirical evidences on the relationship between innovation and economic growth are still mixed. The aim of this paper is to provide further evidence on the relationship between the NIS and economic growth using consistent and reliable data from a sample of emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa [BRICS]). The research has a BRICS focus and constructs NIS using historical panel data set for the main variables, that is, university enrolment rate for science and engineering students, government research and development expenditure, high-tech export and the enclosure of control variables covering the period 2000Q1–2013Q4. The study employed a dynamic panel estimation technique with a view of evaluating the relative impact of the NIS on economic growth in BRICS. The results revealed that the NIS as a whole has a positive effect on economic growth in BRICS economies. An important policy implication emerging from this study is that extra efforts are needed by emerging economies to promote the development of a NIS so as to explore the potential growth-inducing effects of a well-functioning NIS. Consequently, findings from this study have offered some persuading indicators for BRICS economies to explore the development of a NIS as a potential opportunity to speed up their economic growth.

Innovation Management Capabilities for R&D in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 2724-2734
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Asim ◽  
Shahryar Sorooshian
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Management Capabilities

As most of the developing countries Pakistan has not yet structure the national innovation system with any concrete policies in order to assist their domestic requirement without comprehensive development of their R&D capabilities. As compares to some of the emerging economies Pakistan National innovation system (NIS) unfortunately operated in isolation unsynchronized structure may cause serious challenge for R&D sector that still unable to developed innovational capabilities. This study highlights the potential gaps in national innovation structure to facilitate the R&D sector. This study explores the significance of innovation capabilities as during the development of national innovation policy to support the innovation structure.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY: THE INNOVATION DIMENSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
A.S. Filipenko ◽  
N.M. Rylach ◽  
A.V. Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Manufacturing Facilities

The purpose of research is to analyze the level and innovation potential of Ukraine’s economics. In the current world economy, the innovation dimension is becoming essential for boosting the country’s competitiveness. Development of competitive high-tech industries and manufacturing facilities; a strong national innovation system; availability of effective internal and institutional mechanisms, as well as external tools for involving countries into ‘the knowledge society’: all these factors contribute most to the nation’s economic success in the global environment.

Technological Platform as a Tool for the Implementation of the Subjectivity Right in the Mechanism of Public-Private Partnership

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
A.A. Chekushov ◽  
M.A. Chirkov ◽  
M.S. Chistyakov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Technological Platforms

The formation of technological platforms, using the advantages of public-private partnership, can be considered as an effective cooperation and partnership tool for the mechanism of implementation of national priorities of high-tech development, including the formation of a sustainable balance of scientific and industrial relations. The functioning of technological platforms in this strategic algorithm will clarify and adjust the priorities of innovative high-tech development and consistent development of the national innovation system. The activation mechanism of the innovative component of the implementation of various projects using public-private partnership could be a policy of consistent motivation of competition in innovation.

On the Problems of Transformation of High-Tech Production Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Alekhin ◽  
A. V. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the problems of managing the transformation of high-tech production systems (PS) to maintain the enterprise’s competitiveness in the long term.Aim. The study identifies efficient approaches to forecasting the timeline, economic and social prospects of PS transformations.Tasks. The authors assess the existing methodological framework for innovation management aimed at changing the scientific and technical potential of the PS and the government’s role in facilitating investment activity.Methods. This study is based on the fundamental principles of systems theory and comprehensive consideration of the issues of managing changes in economic systems through analysis.Results. The proposed assessments and comments can be taken into account when developing a methodology for forming an adequate management response to the predicted change in the external conditions of PS operation. The scientific and technical potential of high-tech enterprises is created, among other things, through long-term research, but the economic prospects of using research results are unpredictable. The experience of building the US national innovation system confirms the important role of the government in managing the commercialization of research results.Conclusions. The development of the Russian economy depends on the timeliness and reasonable sufficiency of the formation of the scientific and technical potential of the PS. The formation of the Russian national innovation system is a prerequisite for creating a favorable institutional environment for innovation, and the authors believe that it will lay the groundwork for the reproduction of capital in real production and hedging of risks associated with these processes.

Tax avoidance as earning game player in emerging economies: evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahanzeb Marwat ◽  
Suresh Kumar Oad Rajput ◽  
Sarfraz Ahmed Dakhan ◽  
Sonia Kumari ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe current study aims to achieve two targets. First, examine empirically that whether corporate managers use tax avoidance to influence short-term profitability? Second, investigate the impact of tax avoidance on the value of firms. The tax accounts provide the opportunity to influence temporary/permanent profitability but empirical studies overlooking this matter, particularly in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors identified unexpected fluctuations of tax avoidance and then examine whether it impacts the profitability signal and firms' value? The unbalanced panel data of 189 non-financial firms for the period 2000–2018 are used for empirical analysis. The estimation biases and results consistency are verified by using two different econometric models including generalized least square and two-stage least squareFindingsThe study identifies that managers manipulate the profitability signal through tax avoidance. Tax avoidance practices help in earning management and earning smoothing to avoid negative signals in the stock market. In line with the behavioral finance view, tax avoidance has a positive impact on current stock returns because investors focus on profitability without a detailed screening of cash flows.Originality/valueA limited number of studies investigate the use of tax avoidance for manipulation of the short-term earning signal. Identifying gaps and limitations in the literature, this study provides invaluable insights into tax avoidance and its association with the profitability and value of firms. The findings are important for investors, managers and policymakers in making portfolio decisions and corporate policies.

scholarly journals National innovation system of India: genesis and key performance indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-785
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Bokachev
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Innovation Culture ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Innovation Sector ◽  
Ict Industry

The article discusses the formation of the India’s national innovation system (NIS), which passes through the phases of protectionism, liberalism and duality. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the India’s innovation system based on efficiency indicators, such as gross domestic expenditures on research and development, exports of high-tech products, as well as foreign direct investment in high technology sector. The paper notes that India is one of the most attractive countries for investing in the innovation sector. The author also highlights the negative aspects of NIS development in India, such as imbalances in income and wages, low literacy and high levels of poverty, uneven inflow of foreign investment in different regions, lack of innovation culture in manufactured products, etc. The article especially notes that India after the start of the process of economic liberalization has grown economically in terms of GDP, exports, employment, investment, the inflow of foreign technology and investment, the ICT industry, and the internationalization of investment in research and development sphere.

scholarly journals NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS AS PLATFORMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH COMMERCIALIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Butko
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Cluster ◽  
High Technologies

The article deals with the main structural elements of the innovation system and the preconditions for their formation and influence on the innovation system as a whole. The author's understanding of the concept of "national innovation system" has been presented. The stages of the life cycle of the national innovation system hase been presented. It has been proved that international cooperation is a powerful driving force for the development of world industries, the main form of international high-tech cooperation. The main mechanisms of international cooperation of national innovative systems in the field of high technologies have been outlined.Keywords: national innovation system; R&D; innovation cluster; industrial park networking; technological platform.аспірант, Бутко Б. О., Національні інноваційні системи як платформи для розвитку високотехнологічної комерціалізації, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, Україна, КиївУ статті розглянуто основні структурні елементи інноваційної системи та передумов їх формування та впливу на інноваційну систему в цілому. Подано авторське розуміння поняття «національна інноваційна система». Представлено етапи життєвого циклу національної інноваційної системи. Доведено, що міжнародне співробітництво є потужною рушійною силою розвитку світових галузей промисловості, основною формою міжнародного високотехнологічного співробітництва, матеріальною основою процесів міжнародної економічної інтеграції та глобалізації. Окреслено основні механізми міжнародного співробітництва національних інноваційних систем у сфері високих технологій.Ключові слова: національна інноваційна система; R&D; інноваційний кластер; створення мереж промислового парку; технологічна платформа.

Innovation output estimation method for a national innovation system: application to the BRICS countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Francisco Cristoao Lourenço De Melo ◽  
Mischel Carmen Neyra Belderrain ◽  
Tessaleno Devezas ◽  
Rodrigo Arnaldo Scarpel ◽  
Luciele Cristina Pelicioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Application ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Innovation Output

scholarly journals Toward Building a National Innovation System in UAE

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
System A ◽  
Aerospace Manufacturing

United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the developing countries that depend on hydrocarbon products in supporting its economy, where oil activities counted for 49.38 % of its total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2009. Therefore, Abu Dhabi (AD), the capital of the UAE, has a vision where in 2030 the country will decrease its dependency on fossil fuel to 36% in order to stabilize the economy. Through AD strategy, a number of new industries have been planned to enter in order to diversify the economy. Some of the investments are believed to be a very high tech and innovation driven industries, such as the aerospace manufacturing industry. The aim of this paper is to analyze different countries' national systems of innovation, which have been selected based on literature where innovation is measured through number of KPIs (Key Performance Indices; R&D expenditures, number of research institutions, patents, number of engineers, new companies established, exports, etc). KPIs will be mapped from an innovation system perspective including the ones from UAE. Then a gap analysis will be conducted to determine where the country lags in terms of establishing a healthy national innovation system. A number of strategies will be suggested to enhance the UAE national innovation system

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