On the Problems of Transformation of High-Tech Production Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Alekhin ◽  
A. V. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
The Government

The presented study addresses the problems of managing the transformation of high-tech production systems (PS) to maintain the enterprise’s competitiveness in the long term.Aim. The study identifies efficient approaches to forecasting the timeline, economic and social prospects of PS transformations.Tasks. The authors assess the existing methodological framework for innovation management aimed at changing the scientific and technical potential of the PS and the government’s role in facilitating investment activity.Methods. This study is based on the fundamental principles of systems theory and comprehensive consideration of the issues of managing changes in economic systems through analysis.Results. The proposed assessments and comments can be taken into account when developing a methodology for forming an adequate management response to the predicted change in the external conditions of PS operation. The scientific and technical potential of high-tech enterprises is created, among other things, through long-term research, but the economic prospects of using research results are unpredictable. The experience of building the US national innovation system confirms the important role of the government in managing the commercialization of research results.Conclusions. The development of the Russian economy depends on the timeliness and reasonable sufficiency of the formation of the scientific and technical potential of the PS. The formation of the Russian national innovation system is a prerequisite for creating a favorable institutional environment for innovation, and the authors believe that it will lay the groundwork for the reproduction of capital in real production and hedging of risks associated with these processes.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN ECONOMY: WHAT IS NOT ENOUGH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Yaschenko
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
High Tech ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Thing

The article attempts to assess the results of the development of the Russian economy from the moment of privatization to the present. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that, despite significant resources, including human capital, the economy is stagnating, there are no structural reforms, and high-tech companies do not appear. The main thing is not creating conditions for business development on the principles of self-organization: entrepreneurship, initiative, personal competence and investment. Reforming the socio-economic system of the USSR has no historical analogue, and is perceived as a unique practice of testing some theoretical positions and hypotheses that guided researchers and entrepreneurs in the framework of a market economy, for example, the theory of market equilibrium, theory of the firm, theory of preferences, and others. Russia has demonstrated a kind of phenomenon, both from the point of view of theory and practice of market transformations, when it is not entrepreneurship, not the investment activity of business and the population, but the narrowly selfish interests of persons affiliated with the government, began to determine market processes, such an economy was called the «economy of individuals», And in the case of a direct focus on the state budget,» the economy of the distribution». The transformations could be based on the market experience of a large number of countries, both developed and developing (China), this has not been done. Time was lost on the creation of new jobs; in the industrial orientation of the state, there were no priorities for the development of important industries for national competitiveness. As a result, the economic growth was lost.

Tax and S&T Policies for Research Commercialization: Perspectives of Southeast Asian Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovative Capacity

High-tech businesses are important in enhancing the innovative capacity of nation. Many countries use tax schemes as one of the government policy instruments to provide an environment conducive to the growth of high-tech companies. This paper analyzes the tax policies and R&D tax incentives to promote technology commercialization in Singapore and Thailand. The analysis is focused on the government dimension of Porter’s diamond model. The results reveal the government intervention model whereby the governments of both countries have pursued a developmental state role in fostering innovative entrepreneurship. The study offers insightful lessons linking tax policy to the perspective of science and technology (S&T) policy. The policy implications would be useful to other developing economies in shaping the direction of the national innovation system.

scholarly journals Logistical approach to universities integration in the Russian innovation economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Barykin ◽  
Aleksandra Kobicheva
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovation Economy

New stage of economy development requires from universities implementation of new function, providing acceleration of interaction among main actors in national innovation system. The main factors of activity and efficiency of higher schools are sufficient funding and stimulating policies of the government. We have reviewed last world indicators of R&D financing and the structure of such financing. Also we have examined the existing approach to interpreting the new integration function of universities, offered our vision and showed the location of such function in a triple-helix model. In the end we have described the practical example of carrying out integration function by high school. It could be proved that the universities should be considered as the logistics integral providers acting as coordinating of both the government and the business agents in economic relations.

scholarly journals Dynamic Incentive Mechanism Design for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste under Dual Information Asymmetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qidan Hu ◽  
Ying Peng ◽  
Chunxiang Guo ◽  
Dong Cai ◽  
Peiyang Su
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Incentive Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dynamic Cooperation ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
Incentive Mechanism Design

The generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a problem for societies aspiring to sustainability. In this regard, governments have the responsibility to support the CDW recycling through subsidies. However, the information asymmetry, as well as the “dynamic nature” of the CDW recycling market, results in a number of barriers for the government to promote CDW recycling. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model that includes the government and the recycling enterprise in the presence of dual information asymmetry including the unknown recycling technology level and unobservable recycling efforts in one-stage and two-stage cooperation. Using the incentive theory, the static and dynamic optimal recycling incentive contracts of the government were designed, and the optimal decisions of the recycler were identified. A numerical simulation revealed that by designing reasonable contracts, the government can encourage the recycler to report the true technical level and achieve information screening. Furthermore, the subsidy of the high-tech recycler remained unchanged under different circumstances. However, the subsidy of the low-tech recycler was closely related to the probability of misreporting and the proportion of technology types. This finding suggests that the government and recycler are inclined towards long-term dynamic cooperation.

scholarly journals Does the national innovation system spur economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa economies? Evidence from panel data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brima Sesay ◽  
Zhao Yulin ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Relationship

The question as to whether the national innovation system (NIS) plays a significant positive role in influencing economic growth has been intensely debated by academics as well as policy analysts. The main controversy, however, is the fact that the ongoing empirical evidences on the relationship between innovation and economic growth are still mixed. The aim of this paper is to provide further evidence on the relationship between the NIS and economic growth using consistent and reliable data from a sample of emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa [BRICS]). The research has a BRICS focus and constructs NIS using historical panel data set for the main variables, that is, university enrolment rate for science and engineering students, government research and development expenditure, high-tech export and the enclosure of control variables covering the period 2000Q1–2013Q4. The study employed a dynamic panel estimation technique with a view of evaluating the relative impact of the NIS on economic growth in BRICS. The results revealed that the NIS as a whole has a positive effect on economic growth in BRICS economies. An important policy implication emerging from this study is that extra efforts are needed by emerging economies to promote the development of a NIS so as to explore the potential growth-inducing effects of a well-functioning NIS. Consequently, findings from this study have offered some persuading indicators for BRICS economies to explore the development of a NIS as a potential opportunity to speed up their economic growth.

AN EMPIRICAL INQUIRY INTO "ACADEMY-RUN ENTERPRISES" IN CHINA: UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG-HAK EUN ◽  
KEUN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Industry Relationship ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Exclusive Right

This study analyzes the academy-run enterprises (AREs) in China, which have played an important role in the development of high-tech industries in China, but have rarely been deeply addressed in previous studies. The AREs, despite ostensibly sharing some similarities with the academic spin-offs (ASOs) found in other countries, have distinct historical origins and characteristics in China. In this study, we try to clarify the distinct features of Chinese AREs, particularly in terms of their relationship with their mother institutions, using questionnaire survey data collected from 102 AREs and subsequent follow-up interviews with the ARE managers. This study finds that, while the AREs have enjoyed an exclusive right to exploit various assets of their mother institutions, they have suffered from the interventions of the mother institutions and ambiguous property right arrangements with the mother institutions. More recently, AREs have begun to evolve in response to the changing environment. Furthermore, recently initiated reform measures are expected to accelerate this evolution. Using the survey results, this study assesses the short-term and long-term impact of the reform on Chinese AREs, and the subsequent impact on the academia-industry relationship and the national innovation system (NIS) in China.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FORMATION OF REGIONAL INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-946
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Akhmetov ◽  
R.N. Galikeev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

According to the results of 2020, in the rating of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the production of gross agricultural output, the Republic of Bashkortostan came in 6th place and 2nd in the Volga Federal District. The long-term leadership of the republic in terms of the development of the agro-industrial complex is largely explained by the presence of large areas of agricultural land (more than 7.2 million hectares), sufficient labor resources and relatively favorable soil and climatic conditions for the development of many branches of agriculture. However, in the XXI century, without the introduction of agro-innovations and the development of high-tech agriculture, processing industry, an effective system for the sale of manufactured products, it is becoming increasingly problematic to ensure the long-term competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the region both at the All-Russian and global levels. Current trends in the development of agribusiness in the world and in our country clearly show the priority of using the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and significant investments in new agricultural technologies at the regional level in order to ensure high quality products and compete with domestic and foreign companies. Within the framework of this study, the need to improve the interaction of agribusiness with the scientific and educational sphere and the formation of the regional innovation infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Bashkortostan with the coordinating role of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan is actualized. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the key problems in the creation of a regional agro-industrial scientific and production cluster in the Republic of Bashkortostan and outlined priorities in its development.

scholarly journals Financial Resources for the Growth of the Russian Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
V. I. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Production

The article deals with the formation of financing mechanisms for the dynamic growth of the Russian economy, focused on ensuring the country's global economic and technological competitiveness in the long-term period. The transition to sustainable, dynamic development in modern Russian conditions is associated with implementing a deep structural and technological modernisation of the national economy. It should be focused on further improving the country's infrastructure and expanding the existing sectoral structure of the Russian economy based on advanced development of the production of modern machinery and equipment for a wide range of sectors of the national economy. One of the independent priority of structural modernisation is the accelerated development of technologies of a new technological order (NBIK technologies) and the creation of production facilities to produce new types of high-tech products to diversify exports and increase the global competitiveness of the Russian industry. The solution to this problem involves a significant increase in investment activity in the economy, at least by a third (at least 10 per cent of GDP). In the current conditions, the rise in investment activity should face several restrictions. First, with the weakness of the Russian national production of investment equipment, which can be overcome through imports, but most importantly, through the development of its own production of machinery and equipment in the national industry's structural modernisation. Second, the weakness of the national financial system, which is reflected in the lack of long-term savings and the low level of monetisation of the national economy. For overcoming this limitation, it is proposed to form a special investment circuit based on a targeted credit issue to finance investment projects. The conditions and limitations of using the target credit issue to finance economic growth are considered.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY: THE INNOVATION DIMENSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
A.S. Filipenko ◽  
N.M. Rylach ◽  
A.V. Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Manufacturing Facilities

The purpose of research is to analyze the level and innovation potential of Ukraine’s economics. In the current world economy, the innovation dimension is becoming essential for boosting the country’s competitiveness. Development of competitive high-tech industries and manufacturing facilities; a strong national innovation system; availability of effective internal and institutional mechanisms, as well as external tools for involving countries into ‘the knowledge society’: all these factors contribute most to the nation’s economic success in the global environment.

Technological Platform as a Tool for the Implementation of the Subjectivity Right in the Mechanism of Public-Private Partnership

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
A.A. Chekushov ◽  
M.A. Chirkov ◽  
M.S. Chistyakov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Technological Platforms

The formation of technological platforms, using the advantages of public-private partnership, can be considered as an effective cooperation and partnership tool for the mechanism of implementation of national priorities of high-tech development, including the formation of a sustainable balance of scientific and industrial relations. The functioning of technological platforms in this strategic algorithm will clarify and adjust the priorities of innovative high-tech development and consistent development of the national innovation system. The activation mechanism of the innovative component of the implementation of various projects using public-private partnership could be a policy of consistent motivation of competition in innovation.

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