Factors Associated With the Differences Between Self-Report Smoking and Urinary Cotinine Criteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952098624
Author(s):  
Gyeong-Min Lee ◽  
Jang-Ho Yoon ◽  
Woo-Ri Lee ◽  
Li-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ki-Bong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nonsmoker Group

During self-reporting, respondents underreport their smoking status for various reasons. We aimed to evaluate the difference between smoking status self-reporting and urinary cotinine tests in Korea respondents. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the differences between self-reporting and urinary cotinine criteria. The dependent variable was the underreporting of smoking status; independent variables were sociodemographic, health status, and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Total underreporting was 3.6% when Cot ≥164 and 4.0% when Cot-variable (classified) criteria underreported. Positive associations were found between smoking and age, education, drinking, and SHS. Underreporting in the nonsmoker group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.336; confidence interval [CI] = 1.717-3.179) was significantly associated with SHS, but this difference was nonsignificant in the ex-smoker group (OR = 1.184; CI = 0.879-1.638). Underreporting was 3.6% to 4.0%, and C-statistics was about 0.7, indicating that outcomes could be classified. SHS in nonsmokers was positively associated with underreporting; however, only the nonsmoker group had positive associations, demonstrating unintentional underreporting due to SHS.

scholarly journals Effect of secondhand smoke exposure on lung function among non-smoking population

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Aravind C. ◽  
Ragul B. ◽  
Monisha .
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shs Exposure

Background: Secondhand Smoke (SHS) exposure is known to be associated with various cardiovascular and respiratory problems but its effect on pulmonary function remains unexplored. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Secondhand Smoke (SHS) exposure on lung function among non-smoking population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahour, Pondicherry from 2017-2018.  350 participants, age 40 year and older, with no respiratory symptoms or prior lung diseases were included in this study. Both self-reported history and measurement of urinary cotinine level were used to evaluate the smoking status. Spirometry data, including FVC and FEV1 were used to assess lung function. Diverse variables between groups were compared using T- test and Chi-square test. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, height, alcohol consumption, and level of exercise was used to see any statistical differences in lung function parameters between non-SHS exposed and SHS-exposed groups.Results: Among 350 non-smokers, 120 were SHS-exposed. The urinary cotinine levels clearly distinguished SHS exposure, and the mean urinary cotinine levels were 7±0.3 and 11±0.4 in non-SHS exposed group vs SHS-exposed group, respectively. However, both groups had no significant difference in lung function and was found normal.Conclusions: SHS exposure urinary cotinine is a valuable marker.

scholarly journals Smoking status and second-hand smoke biomarkers in COPD, asthma and healthy controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00192-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bradicich ◽  
Macé M. Schuurmans
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Shs Exposure

IntroductionTobacco smoke worsens COPD and asthma. For healthy individuals, quantifying active and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure clarifies the epidemiology of tobacco consumption and the efficacy of nonsmoking measures. Identifying tobacco exposure biomarkers and cut-offs might allow the creation of sensitive and specific tests.AimWe describe the state-of-the-art serum, urinary cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) cut-offs for assessing smoking status and SHS exposure in adult patients with COPD or asthma, and healthy controls.MethodologyAfter a keyword research in the PubMed database, we included papers reporting on the cut-offs of the investigated biomarkers in one of the populations of interest. Papers published before 2000, not in English, or reporting only data on nonadult subjects or on pregnant women were excluded from the analysis. 14 papers were included in the final analysis. We summarised diagnostic cut-offs for smoking status or SHS exposure in COPD, asthmatic and healthy control cohorts, reporting sensitivity and specificity when available.ConclusionSerum and urinary cotinine and exhaled CO are easy-to-standardise, affordable and objective tests for assessing smoking status and SHS exposure. Evidence on cut-offs with good sensitivity and specificity values is available mainly for healthy controls. For COPD and asthmatic patients, most of the currently available evidence focuses on exhaled CO, while studies on the use of cotinine with definite sensitivity and specificity values are still missing. Solid evidence on SHS exposure is available only for healthy controls. An integrated approach with a combination of these markers still needs evaluation.

scholarly journals Self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking and increased risk of incident hearing loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woncheol Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Hocheol Shin ◽  
Seungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
New Onset

AbstractWe examined the associations of smoking status and urinary cotinine levels, an objective measure of smoking, with the development of new-onset HL. This cohort study was performed in 293,991 Korean adults free of HL who underwent a comprehensive screening examination and were followed for up to 8.8 years. HL was defined as a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz ≥ 25 dB in both ears. During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 2286 participants developed new-onset bilateral HL. Self-reported smoking status was associated with an increased risk of new-onset bilateral HL. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident HL comparing former smokers and current smokers to never-smokers were 1.14 (1.004–1.30) and 1.40 (1.21–1.61), respectively. Number of cigarettes, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels were consistently associated with incident HL. These associations were similarly observed when introducing changes in smoking status, urinary cotinine, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates. In this large cohort of young and middle-aged men and women, smoking status based on both self-report and urinary cotinine level were independently associated with an increased incidence of bilateral HL. Our findings indicate smoking is an independent risk factor for HL.

scholarly journals A Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Secondhand Smoke: Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Study

10.2196/18583 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e18583
Author(s):  
Natalie Nardone ◽  
Jeremy Giberson ◽  
Judith J Prochaska ◽  
Shonul Jain ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Shs Exposure

Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children and adolescents has adverse health effects. For adolescents of lower socioeconomic status (SES), exposure is widespread, evidenced in the measurement of urinary cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Direct intervention with exposed children has been proposed as a novel method, yet there is minimal evidence of its efficacy. Combining this approach with a mobile health (mHealth) intervention may be more time and cost-effective and feasible for adolescent populations. Objective In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility and preliminary evidence of efficacy of a 30-day text message–based mHealth intervention targeted at reducing SHS exposure in adolescent populations of low SES. Methods For the study, 14 nonsmoking and nonvaping participants between the ages of 12-21 years exposed to SHS were enrolled. The intervention consisted of a daily text message sent to the participants over the course of a month. Text message types included facts and information about SHS, behavioral methods for SHS avoidance, or true-or-false questions. Participants were asked to respond to each message within 24 hours as confirmation of receipt. Feasibility outcomes included completion of the 30-day intervention, receiving and responding to text messages, and feedback on the messages. Efficacy outcomes included a reduction in urinary cotinine, accuracy of true-or-false responses, and participants’ perceptions of effectiveness. Results Of the 14 participants that were enrolled, 13 completed the intervention. Though not required, all participants had their own cell phones with unlimited text messaging plans. Of the total number of text messages sent to the 13 completers, 91% (372/407) of them received on-time responses. Participant feedback was generally positive, with most requesting more informational and true-or-false questions. In terms of efficacy, 54% (6/11) of participants reduced their cotinine levels (however, change for the group overall was not statistically significant (P=.33) and 45% (5/11) of participants increased their cotinine levels. Of the total number of true-or-false questions sent across all completers, 77% (56/73) were answered correctly. Participants’ ratings of message effectiveness averaged 85 on a scale of 100. Conclusions In this pilot study, the intervention was feasible as the majority of participants had access to a cell phone, completed the study, and engaged by responding to the messages. The efficacy of the study requires further replication, as only half of the participants reduced their cotinine levels. However, participants answered the majority of true-or-false questions accurately and reported that the messages were helpful.

scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime cumulative mortality risk of lung cancer by smoking status in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Megumi Hori ◽  
Eiko Saito ◽  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative mortality risk for lung cancer according to smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Japan. We applied a life-table method to estimate the cumulative risk. Estimated lifetime cumulative risk for 20-year-old non-smokers, former, and current smokers was 3.2%, 7.6%, and 14.9% for men and 1.9%, 5.6%, and 7.2% for women, respectively. For males, the estimated risk was 3.2% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 4.1% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. For females, the estimated risk was 1.9% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 2.4% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. Lifetime cumulative mortality risk differed greatly according to smoking status. Moreover, SHS exposure resulted in observable differences in lifetime mortality risk. This study may be useful for the development of tailored prevention programs.

Smoking Status Matters: A Direct Comparison of Smokers’ and Nonsmokers’ Psychophysiological and Self-Report Responses to Secondhand Smoke Anti-Tobacco PSAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell B. Clayton ◽  
Justin R. Keene ◽  
Glenn Leshner ◽  
Annie Lang ◽  
Rachel L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Self Report

Active smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and serum cotinine levels among Cheyenne River Sioux communities in context of a Tribal Public Health Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055056
Author(s):  
Elena R. O'Donald ◽  
Curtis P. Miller ◽  
Rae O'Leary ◽  
Jennifer Ong ◽  
Bernadette Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Cheyenne River

IntroductionAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives face disproportionately high rates of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. The Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe (CRST) is among the few Tribal Nations controlling commercial tobacco exposures in public and work places. We had an opportunity to explore effects of the new commercial tobacco-free policy (implemented in 2015) in an environmental health study (2014–2016) that collected information about commercial tobacco use and SHS prevalence and examined predictor variables of serum cotinine concentrations.MethodsSelf-reported survey data were used in quantile regression statistical modelling to explore changes in cotinine levels, based on smoking status, smokeless tobacco consumption and SHS exposure.ResultsFrom enrolled 225 adults, 51% (N=114) were current smokers. Among 88 non-tobacco users, 35 (40%) reported current SHS exposure. Significant differences in cotinine median concentrations were found among participants with and without current SHS exposure. Extremely high cotinine concentrations (~100 times larger than the median) were detected in some non-tobacco users. After implementing the new smoke-free air Tribal policy, cotinine decreased in participants with intermediate (3–15 ng/mL, non-tobacco users with SHS exposure) and high (>15 ng/mL, mainly tobacco users) cotinine levels showing association with an abatement of opportunities for SHS exposure. Significant predictors of cotinine levels were sampling year, current smoking and tobacco chewing. No gender differences were observed in cotinine.ConclusionsOur results show decrease in cotinine concentrations in CRST participants since implementation of their ‘Smoke-Free Clean Air Act’ in 2015.

scholarly journals The prevalence of self-reported smoking and validation with urinary cotinine among commercial drivers in major parks in Lagos, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obianuju B. Ozoh ◽  
Michelle G. Dania ◽  
Elvis M. Irusen
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Commercial Drivers

The validity of self-reported smoking is questionable because smokers are inclined to deny smoking. We aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported smoking among intra-city commercial drivers in Lagos, and assess its validity based on urinary cotinine assessment. This study was conducted at three major motor parks in Lagos, Nigeria. Information on smoking status and habits was obtained from 500 consecutive male drivers using a structured questionnaire during a face-to-face interview. Eighty-one self-reported smokers and non-smokers were selected by systematic random sampling for urinary cotinine assessment using cotinine strips. The prevalence of self-reported smoking was compared to the prevalence of smoking based on urinary cotinine and the specificity and positive predictive values of self-reported smoking was determined. Prevalence of self-reported current smoking was 32% and 17.9% of nonsmokers were passive smokers. Among 81 drivers in whom urinary cotinine assessment was performed, the prevalence of smoking based on self-report was 34 (42%) compared to 41 (50.6%) when based on urinary cotinine, (X<sup>2</sup>=38.56, P&lt;0.001). The rate of misclassification among self-reported non-smokers as smokers was 21.3% and misclassification rate for self-reported smokers as non-smokers was 8.8%. The sensitivity of self-reported smoking in accurately classifying smoking status was 91.2% and the specificity was 78.7%. The prevalence of self-reported cigarette smoking among commercial drivers in Lagos is high and a significant proportion of self-reported non-smokers are passive smokers. Self-reported smoking status obtained during face-to-face interview appears unreliable in obtaining accurate smoking data in our locality.

Causes of Depression in College Students: A Cross-Lagged Panel Correlational Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Rich ◽  
Martha Scovel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Subject Pool

A study was conducted over a 6-wk. period to investigate factors associated with the development of depression among college students. Subjects were 134 first-semester freshmen conscripted from the general psychology subject pool. Scores were obtained from self-report questionnaires involving measures of life events, social support, and cognitive appraisal at the beginning of the semester and again later. The result of stepwise multiple regression analyses of Time 1 and Time 2 administrations indicated that the variables most strongly and consistently associated with depression were loneliness, interpersonal mistrust, and neuroticism. Two-panel cross-lagged correlational analyses indicated that loneliness preceded depression. Moreover, the data suggested that interpersonal mistrust and neuroticism were related to depression through the variable of loneliness.

scholarly journals A Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Secondhand Smoke: Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Nardone ◽  
Jeremy Giberson ◽  
Judith J Prochaska ◽  
Shonul Jain ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Shs Exposure

BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children and adolescents has adverse health effects. For adolescents of lower socioeconomic status (SES), exposure is widespread, evidenced in the measurement of urinary cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Direct intervention with exposed children has been proposed as a novel method, yet there is minimal evidence of its efficacy. Combining this approach with a mobile health (mHealth) intervention may be more time and cost-effective and feasible for adolescent populations. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility and preliminary evidence of efficacy of a 30-day text message–based mHealth intervention targeted at reducing SHS exposure in adolescent populations of low SES. METHODS For the study, 14 nonsmoking and nonvaping participants between the ages of 12-21 years exposed to SHS were enrolled. The intervention consisted of a daily text message sent to the participants over the course of a month. Text message types included facts and information about SHS, behavioral methods for SHS avoidance, or true-or-false questions. Participants were asked to respond to each message within 24 hours as confirmation of receipt. Feasibility outcomes included completion of the 30-day intervention, receiving and responding to text messages, and feedback on the messages. Efficacy outcomes included a reduction in urinary cotinine, accuracy of true-or-false responses, and participants’ perceptions of effectiveness. RESULTS Of the 14 participants that were enrolled, 13 completed the intervention. Though not required, all participants had their own cell phones with unlimited text messaging plans. Of the total number of text messages sent to the 13 completers, 91% (372/407) of them received on-time responses. Participant feedback was generally positive, with most requesting more informational and true-or-false questions. In terms of efficacy, 54% (6/11) of participants reduced their cotinine levels (however, change for the group overall was not statistically significant (<i>P</i>=.33) and 45% (5/11) of participants increased their cotinine levels. Of the total number of true-or-false questions sent across all completers, 77% (56/73) were answered correctly. Participants’ ratings of message effectiveness averaged 85 on a scale of 100. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, the intervention was feasible as the majority of participants had access to a cell phone, completed the study, and engaged by responding to the messages. The efficacy of the study requires further replication, as only half of the participants reduced their cotinine levels. However, participants answered the majority of true-or-false questions accurately and reported that the messages were helpful.

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