Fear of the Dark? The CJEU adds electricity shortage to the reasons justifying an ex post regularization of projects without an EIA: Case C-411/17 Inter-Environnement Wallonie and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen, EU:C:2019:622

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Theodoros G. Iliopoulos ◽  
Daan Bijnens
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Electricity Shortage

In July 2019, the CJEU delivered its judgment on the case C-411/17 Inter-Environnement Wallonie and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen. The case relates to the protracted debate on the production and use of nuclear energy in Belgium, which at present culminated with the legislative extension of the operation of two nuclear power stations. The CJEU ruled that the extension should have only been granted after an assessment on the stations’ impact on the environment had been carried out and, thus, the national measures were in breach of EU law. However, it is here argued that the judgment does not settle the dispute: it only initiates its second phase. Accordingly, this contribution focuses on the judgment’s expected implications for EU law and for the national constitutional order.

Energy in the 1980s - Operational experience in nuclear power stations

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1261) ◽  
pp. 571-586
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Power Stations

From the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction to the present day represents a span of three decades: within that time large-scale generation of electrical power from nuclear energy has become acknowledged as economic, safe and environmentally acceptable. Within the U .K . 10% of electricity consumed is of nuclear origin. Some of the C.E.G.B. reactors have been in service for over 10 years. The operating experience that has been gained shows how the original design concepts have been ultimately developed. Some of the difficulties encountered and the engineering solutions are presented. Operating experience feeds back to the design philosophy and safety requirements for future nuclear plant. In this way a foundation is provided for the further exploitation of what must become a major source of energy in the next decade.

Efficient Power Generation From Large 750°C Heat Sources: Application to Coal-Fired and Nuclear Power Stations

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. P. Tilliette ◽  
B. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Efficient Power ◽  
Steam Cycle

Considering the concern about a more efficient, rational use of heat sources, and a greater location flexibility of power plants owing to cooling capability, closed gas cycles can offer new solutions for fossil or nuclear energy. An efficient heat conversion into power is obtained by the combination of a main non-intercooled helium cycle with a flexible, superheated, low-pressure bottoming steam cycle. Emphasis is placed on the matching of the two cycles and, for that, a recuperator bypass arrangement is used. The operation of the main gas turbocompressor does not depend upon the operation of the small steam cycle. Results are presented for a conservative turbine inlet temperature of 750 C. Applications are made for a coal-fired power plant and for a nuclear GT-HTGR. Overall net plant efficiencies of 39 and 46 percent, respectively, are projected.

scholarly journals Nuclear Power Risk Perception in Serbia: Fear of Exposure to Radiation vs. Social Benefits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Cvetković ◽  
Adem Öcal ◽  
Yuliya Lyamzina ◽  
Eric K. Noji ◽  
Neda Nikolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World

Nuclear power remains one of the most accessible choices in addressing environmental and social concerns due to the continuously increasing energy needs around the world. While it remains an excellent source of energy due to its low price and low level of emissions, potential accidents remain a serious problem. An example of such is the most recent accident in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (2011), which reminded the world of the potential risks of nuclear energy and the consequences of which continue to have a lasting effect. There is no nuclear power plant in Serbia, but there are about 15 nuclear power stations scattered within its neighboring countries. Therefore, the Serbian Government decided to study how the Serbian public perceives the risks related to the potential construction of nuclear power stations in the country, nuclear energy in general, and its possible benefits and risks. The objective of this paper is to present the results of this assessment along with a literature overview on the (environmental) risk of nuclear power. A pilot study consisted of a series of 270 randomized face-to-face interviews that took place in the public square of Belgrade in March 2019. Logistic regression was used to examine the cumulative effects of the different risk factors. The results showed that the majority of the respondents are skeptical and do not support the construction of nuclear power stations in Serbia. Furthermore, this research identified several additional important correlations that have a significant impact on the public perception of risk.

An evaluation of the equipment tagging process in nuclear power stations

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doyle ◽  
Lothar Schroeder ◽  
Stephen Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Stations

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
E. V. YANUSIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

The article discusses the main prerequisites for the development of nuclear energy in the global econo-my, also defines nuclear energy and discusses the structure of global energy consumption. The article proves that the crucial prerequisite for the development of nuclear energy in the world market is the economic efficiency of nuclear power plants.

Environmental Protection Meets Security of Electricity Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ilina Cenevska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
National Energy Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This case comment explores the relationship between two intertwined objectives – ensuring security of electricity supply and environmental protection – in the context of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL and Bond Beter Leefmilieu Vlaanderen ASBL v. Conseil des ministres. The analysis focuses on the application of the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive and the Habitats Directive to the facts of the case, which concerns the extension by a ten-year period of the operation of two Belgian nuclear power stations (Doel 1 and Doel 2) as part of a national energy policy strategy to ensure the security of Belgium's electricity supply. The case comment also considers the legal and practical implications that arise as a result of employing the ‘security of electricity supply’ exemption to enable derogation from the requirements of the aforementioned Directives in circumstances where a Member State considers the security of its electricity supply to be under threat.

Evaluation of the residual stress in stainless steel 304L hydraulically expanded joints

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892096401
Author(s):  
Ying Hong ◽  
Xuesheng Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Yong Han
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Initial Clearance

Stainless steel 304 L tubes are commonly used in the fabrication of heat exchangers for nuclear power stations. The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 304 L tubes in hydraulically expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints is the main reason for the failure of heat exchangers. In this study, 304 L hydraulically expanded joint specimens were prepared and the residual stresses of a tube were evaluated with both an experimental method and the finite element method (FEM). The residual stresses in the outer and inner surfaces of the tube were measured by strain gauges. The expanding and unloading processes of the tube-to-tubesheet joints were simulated by the FEM. Furthermore, an SCC test was carried out to verify the results of the experimental measurement and the FEM. There was good agreement between the FEM and the experimental results. The distribution of the residual stress of the tube in the expanded joint was revealed by the FEM. The effects of the expansion pressure, initial tube-to-hole clearance, and yield strength of the tube on the residual stress in the transition zone that lay between the expanded and unexpanded region of the tube were investigated. The results showed that the residual stress of the expanded joint reached the maximum value when the initial clearance was eliminated. The residual stress level decreased with the decrease of the initial tube-to-hole clearance and yield strength. Finally, an effective method that would reduce the residual stress without losing tightness was proposed.

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